关键词： 消化生理学   消化系统/病理生理学   胃肠疾病/病因学   胃肠疾病/病理生理学   胃肠疾病/治疗   胃肠活动   胃肠通过试验   重症监护   肠吸收   肌张力   人类  

关键词： HUMAN physiology   ASTRONOMICAL observations  

摘要： This paper deals with one of the first attempts to measure simple reactions in humans. The Swiss astronomer Adolph Hirsch investigated personal differences in the speed of sensory transmission in order to achieve accuracy in astronomy. His controversial results, however, started an intense debate among both physiologists and astronomers who disagreed on the nature of these differences. Were they due to different eyes or brains, or to differences in skill and education? Furthermore, they debated how to eliminate them. Some, for example, wanted to eliminate the observer, and prescribed the use of new technologies like the electro-chronograph or photography, while others believed in discipline and education. By debating the nature of these differences, astronomers and physiologists sketched both different conceptions of 'man' and different paths to objectivity. These diverse conceptions, moreover, were tied to current nineteenth-century debates, such as the benefits or disadvantages of railroads, telegraphy and the standardization of time and longitudes. By focusing on the debates surrounding the speed of sensory transmission, this paper reevaluates the history of astronomy, physiology and experimental psychology. Furthermore, in investigating astronomy's relation to the human sciences, it uncovers profound connections in the traditionally separate histories of objectivity and the body. L'heure sera distribuee dans les maisons, comme l'eau ou le gaz. Adolph Hirsch.

关键词： DIGESTIVE organs -- Physiology   GENETICS   LIPID metabolism   MUTATION (Biology)  

摘要： Zebrafish are a valuable model for mammalian lipid metabolism;larvae process lipids similarly through the intestine and hepatobiliary system and respond to drugs that block cholesterol synthesis in humans. After ingestion of fluorescently quenched phospholipids, endogenous lipase activity and rapid transport of cleavage products results in intense gall bladder fluorescence. Genetic screening identifies zebrafish mutants, such as fat free, that show normal digestive organ morphology but severely reduced phospholipid and cholesterol processing. Thus, fluorescent lipids provide a sensitive readout of lipid metabolism and are a powerful tool for identifying genes that mediate vertebrate digestive physiology.

关键词： 意识   神经相关物   40Hz同步振荡   流动性   适度性   计算神经科学   心理学   神经生理学  

摘要： 根据意识的心理学、神经生理学研究和一些病例报告，从计算神经科学的角度，提出意识神经活动的特点，特别是意识活动的适度性特点，是文献中未见的．认为意识有相应的神经相关物作为活动的基础，给出意识活动的一种计算神经科学的假设，在这个假设的基础上，提出一个意识活动的理论测度，这种理论测度既可根据意识活动的能量消耗来取得，又可从神经生理学方法（４０Ｈｚ同步振荡）来估算．这种测度可很好地反映意识的流动性和文中提到的适度性特点，并对一些意识状态的特例进行推算，讨论了这种测度的意义．

关键词： 人物介绍   张香桐   科研工作   科研风格   神经生理学  

摘要： '寻经觅道数十年,犹在灯下坐若禅。忽闻悉索声渐近,却又无踪去杳然。但愿肘下生双翼,凌云飞越万重山。纵使藏身海天外,终必落网人渔船。'这首词的作者是中科院院士张香桐。他告诉人们,大脑的奥秘忽隐忽现,若有若无,难以寻觅,而人生又是如此短促。我们所能做的,就是勇往直前,探索真理。张香桐执着破译脑神经'密码',取得了举世瞩目的成就。1999年,92岁高龄的张香桐获得了陈嘉庚生命科学奖。

关键词： 核技术   同位素   辐射   昆虫   神经生理学   生态学  

摘要： 本文综述了核技术在昆虫学研究领域中的最新应用进展 ,特别介绍了同位素示踪技术在昆虫分子生物学中基因探针及其在昆虫学研究中的应用情况 。

关键词： haemolytic-uraemic syndrome   neurophysiology   outcome  

摘要： Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is found in around 30% of children with haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS). This complication is the single most common cause of mortality and also a major contributor to the morbidity associated with HUS. We reviewed 22 children with HUS and acute CNS involvement. Both global and focal derangements occurred, and in survivors, early regional EEG abnormalities-especially those in the occipital and temporal areas-were prognostically useful.

关键词： 山东   神经生理学  

关键词： 肌萎缩侧索硬化   诊断   神经生理学   遗传学  

摘要： 随着肌萎缩侧索硬化基础生物学研究的不断进步,近年有关这一好发于中老年人群的恶性神经系统变性病的临床研究也获得较大进展,特别是随着神经生理学、功能影像学、神经生化和遗传学等各方面新技术在临床应用的不断深入,使对该病的临床认识和诊断水平较以往有了明显提高。