关键词： 扣带皮层   生理心理机能   神经生理学   神经心理学   神经解剖学  

摘要： 扣带皮层是边缘系统(1imbic system)的主要部分，在经典Papez环路中，它作为关键神经部位而参与情绪活动，然而关于其机能的这种传统观点如今被临床与实验研究证明是过于简单化了。神经生理学与神经心理学诸多研究表明，扣带皮层具有多方面的生理心理机能，不仅与情绪有关，而且涉及感知觉、运动、注意、记忆以及其它高级认知过程。扣带皮层的机能到底有多复杂?近年来越来越多的新研究尤其是脑机能成像研究正不断予以揭示，一些重要结果在 《Science》、《Nature》以及其它一些主要神经科学研究学刊上发表，已逐渐成为一个研究焦点。

关键词： 心理生理测谎技术   心理生理学   测谎仪   工作原理   问卷方式  

摘要： 测谎是心理生理学应用的重要领域。1926年，美国科学家Keeler发明了现代意义上的测谎仪，并设计出世界上第一套完整的测谎问卷。七十多年来，测谎技术不断发展，计算机的应用更增加了它的精确性，对测谎的研究和利用越来越受到人们的关注。

关键词： Globus Pallidus/surgery*   Humans   Microelectrodes*   Neurosurgical Procedures*   Stereotaxic Techniques/instrumentation*  

摘要： To the Editor: I read with great interest the article of Kirschman et al. (2) on the usefulness of microelectrode recording in refining the target for pallidotomy. The authors have performed a very meticulous study on how an analysis of microelectrode recording track locations contributed to refining the location of the pallidotomy lesion. The authors aimed at a starting target point “located 3 mm anterior to the midcommissural point, 20 to 22 mm lateral to the intercommissural line, and 4 to 10 mm ventral to the AC-PC plane” (2). This means that they aimed at the posterior and ventral areas of the globus pallidus. They write in the introductory section that “Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were used to demonstrate the final lesion location” (2). In the Results section, they state that postoperative MRI showed that the “location of the lesion within the globus pallidus was confirmed” (2). However, the authors are careful to point out that “with the MRI technique used in this study, [they] cannot determine whether the lesion is within the GPi” (2). Upon studying the only MRI figure in this article (Fig. 2), showing an axial cut with a 1-day-old pallidotomy lesion, I was astonished to see that the lesion was at the level of the foramina of Monro: This lesion lay very dorsal and very anterior, compared with the previously defined target point. This lesion location does not correspond to the sensorimotor posteroventral pallidum aimed at, but rather, it lies in the anteromediodorsal pallidum, a target favored by Irving Cooper in the 1950s, when he performed chemopallidectomies (1). Several studies on primates and on humans have since shown that the anteromediodorsal pallidum is mainly involved in cognitive, not sensorimotor, circuitry (3). I am aware that a stereotactic radiofrequency lesion consists of a volume of tissue and that a single axial MRI slice does not reflect the whole rostrocaudal or dorsoventral extension of the lesion in the target are

ISBN: (纸本)754282340X

关键词： 儿童发育/生理学   消化/生理学   消化生理学   婴儿食品   婴儿营养生理学/生理学   肠吸收/生理学   研究   人类   婴儿   婴儿   新生  

摘要： Presents a study which looked at the gastrointestinal tract as an organ of digestion and absorption. Discussions on the functions of its parts; Importance of its functions to complementary foods of infants during weaning; Information on colon; Human milk.

关键词： pain representation   somatosensory cortex   SI   SII   insula   anterior cingulate cortex   functional neuroimaging   neurophysiology  

摘要： The traditional view that the cerebral cortex is not involved in pain processing has been abandoned during the past decades based on anatomic and physiologic investigations in animals, and lesion, functional neuroimaging, and neurophysiologic studies in humans. These studies have revealed an extensive central network associated with nociception that consistently includes the thalamus, the primary (SI) and secondary (SII) somatosensory cortices, the insula, and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Anatomic and electrophysiologic data show that these cortical regions receive direct nociceptive thalamic input. From the results of human studies there is growing evidence that these different cortical structures contribute to different dimensions of pain experience. The SI cortex appears to be mainly involved in sensory-discriminative aspects of pain. The SII cortex seems to have an important role in recognition, learning, and memory of painful events. The insula has been proposed to be involved in autonomic reactions to noxious stimuli and in affective aspects of pain-related learning and memory. The ACC is closely related to pain unpleasantness and may subserve the integration of general affect, cognition, and response selection. The authors review the evidence on which the proposed relationship between cortical areas, pain-related neural activations, and components of pain perception is based.

摘要： Background: Electromyography (EMG) is a widely used diagnostic technique for disorders of the nervous system, The Canadian Society of Clinical Neurophysiologists (CSCN) promotes the education, evaluation and standards of EMG in Canada. A statement of practice standards was needed to clarify the position of the CSCN on several issues relevant to the practice of EMG. Methods and Results: A subcommittee of the CSCN reviewed current patterns of practice and established guidelines for review by the CSCN. The guidelines developed by the subcommittee were reviewed by the CSCN and adopted as recommendations for EMG practice. The subcommittee was charged with formulation of a document for publication. Conclusions: This document deals with minimum standards for electromyographer education, laboratory operation, equipment and a variety of special circumstances relevant to the practice of EMG. The standards can be adopted by EMG laboratories to guide quality assurance.

关键词： 波士顿   补充疗法   教育   医学   心理生理学   院校   医学   人类  

摘要： Taylor believes that by confusing alternative therapies with mind-body medicine, two problems are artificially created. First, one unconsciously confuses reductionistic science for a totally different epistemological frame of reference than that upon which Western science is based, and the other problem is that no one really knows what kind of psychology practitioners are really talking about.

关键词： 多媒体   神经生理学/教育  

关键词： 脑性瘫痪   康复   神经生理学   教育方法   儿童  

摘要： 脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)儿童的康复治疗可以追溯到19世纪末,William首先采用外科手术的方法矫治脑瘫儿童的畸形,最常用的是肌腱延长术和肌腱松解术.美国骨科医生Winefield也曾使用手术、支具和肌肉再训练的方法,并将其重点放在多专业会诊上.