关键词： MCS   CRS-r   Disorder of consciousness   EEG   Prognosis   BRAIN-INJURED PATIENTS   UNRESPONSIVE WAKEFULNESS   PROLONGED DISORDERS   EVOKED-POTENTIALS   VEGETATIVE STATE   RECOVERY   SLEEP   PREDICTORS   DEATH   SCALE  

摘要： Objective. -To evaluate whether electroencephalographic (EEG) features recorded during the post-acute stage in patients with severe disorders of consciousness (DoC) after acute brain injury (ABI), contribute to neurological outcome prediction of these patients at discharge from the intensive rehabilitation unit (IRU). Methods. - We retrospectively evaluated all patients consecutively admitted to the IRU from August 2012 to December 2016. Inclusion criteria were: 1) age > 18years, 2) patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) or in a minimally conscious state (MCS), and 3) EEG and a coma recovery scale-revised (CRS-R) score available within the first week after admission. Clinical evaluation was performed using the Italian version of the CRS-R score. EEGs were classified according to American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (ACNS) terminology. Clinical state at final discharge was evaluated using the CRS-R score. Results. - In total, 102 patients were included in the analysis. After a mean of five months of IRU stay, among the 61 UWS subjects, 19 transitioned to MCS and 11 recovered to exit-MCS (E-MCS); twenty-three of the 41 subjects in MCS progressed to E-MCS. Using logistic regression, consciousness level (UWS/MCS-OR = 13.4), CRS-R score at admission (OR = 1.33) and use of activating drugs (OR = 4.7) were significant predictors of clinical improvement. Multivariable analysis showed that specific EEG patterns were independent predictors of improved consciousness at discharge in UWS patients. Discussion. - EEG performed within the first week after IRU admission, classified according to ACNS-terminology in patients with UWS at admission, can provide useful prognostic contribution. (C) 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

摘要： Prognostic models for severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) include initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, pupillary response, and computerized tomography results in their computations; however, their predictive value is limited by confounding variables contributing to outcome and poor inter-rater reliability. Use of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) testing in the acute phase may provide additional objective data to improve prognostication in *** an Institutional Review Board-approved protocol, prospective clinical and outcome data were collected from all severe TBI patients (GCS = 8) admitted to UPMC Presbyterian Hospital over a 5-yr period. SSEPs were obtained on post-trauma day 5 in patients who were not following commands. N9, N13, P14, N20, and P30 latencies are measured; central conduction time was defined as the delay between the P14 peak recorded at the C-2 electrode and the N20 peak recorded at the somatosensory cortex. Peak-to-peak amplitudes measured were of N20/P30 using Fz reference. Criterion for pathologic SSEP event was defined as either the reduction of the N20 amplitude below 50% of baseline or the in-crease of latency between P14 and N20 by 10%. SSEPs were graded as bilaterally absent, unilateral absence, bilateral delay > 23 ms, unilateral delay with normal, and bilateral normal latency. Functional outcome was prospectively collected at 12-mo follow-up, and included mortality and neurologic status as assessed by *** total of 145 patients were available for analysis. Median GCS was 6 (IQR 2), while median radiographic injury was a Marshall score 3 (IQR 2). Mean age was 38 ± 16 yr. Univariable ordinal logistic regression analysis of SSEP demonstrated significant ordinal prediction of outcome according to GOS; favorable outcome correlated with higher SSEP grading [OR = 1.66, 95% CI (1.29-2.13), P = .001]. A dichotomized model grouping higher/lower SSEP grading significantly predicted favorable/unfavorable outcomes, resp

关键词： caged compounds   dendrimers   neurophysiology   photopharmacology   two-photon uncaging   2-PHOTON ABSORPTION   ABSORBING MATERIALS   CAGED COMPOUNDS   DESIGN   CALCIUM  

摘要： We have developed a caged neurotransmitter using an extended pi-electron chromophore for efficient multiphoton uncaging on living neurons. Widely studied in a chemical context, such chromophores are inherently bioincompatible due to their highly lipophilic character. Attachment of two polycarboxylate dendrimers, a method we call "cloaking", to a bisstyrylthiophene (or BIST) core effectively transformed the chromophore into a water-soluble optical probe, whilst maintaining the high two-photon absorption of over 500 GM. Importantly, the cloaked caged compound was biologically inert at the high concentrations required for multiphoton chemical physiology. Thus, in contrast to non-cloaked BIST compounds, the BIST-caged neurotransmitter can be safely delivered onto neurons in acutely isolated brain slices, thereby enabling high-resolution two-photon uncaging without any side effects. We expect that our cloaking method will enable the development of new classes of cell-compatible photolabile probes using a wide variety of extended pi-electron caging chromophores.

关键词： Dendrimere   Neurophysiologie   Photoaktivierbare Verbindungen   Photopharmakologie   Zwei-Photonen-Photoaktivierung  

摘要： We have developed a caged neurotransmitter using an extended π‐electron chromophore for efficient multiphoton uncaging on living neurons. Widely studied in a chemical context, such chromophores are inherently bioincompatible due to their highly lipophilic character. Attachment of two polycarboxylate dendrimers, a method we call 'cloaking', to a bisstyrylthiophene (or BIST) core effectively transformed the chromophore into a water‐soluble optical probe, whilst maintaining the high two‐photon absorption of over 500 GM. Importantly, the cloaked caged compound was biologically inert at the high concentrations required for multiphoton chemical physiology. Thus, in contrast to non‐cloaked BIST compounds, the BIST‐caged neurotransmitter can be safely delivered onto neurons in acutely isolated brain slices, thereby enabling high‐resolution two‐photon uncaging without any side effects. We expect that our cloaking method will enable the development of new classes of cell‐compatible photolabile probes using a wide variety of extended π‐electron caging chromophores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： 水疗法   神经系统疾病   功能障碍   神经生理学  

摘要： 尽管神经系统疾病的病因及发病机制不尽相同,但其身体及心理表现有许多共性,均可严重影响患者的正常生活。水疗法是应用水治疗疾病及功能康复的方法统称,具有无创、安全、有效等特点。因此,应用水疗法对神经系统疾病进行康复治疗逐渐成为研究热点。本文主要从生理学及神经生理学角度阐述了水疗法的可能作用机制,并对水疗法在神经系统疾病的临床应用及其相关功能障碍的康复作用两方面进行综述,旨在探讨水疗法临床应用的更佳干预方案。

关键词： 节奏感知   音乐心理学   神经生理学  

摘要： 法国著名现象学家梅洛·庞蒂在后现代身体哲学中确立了身体在“运动感觉”中的主体性地位,从整体上描述了身体与世界的本质联系。本文从这一视角出发,结合神经生理学和音乐心理学两个学科的方法,对节奏感知进行梳理总结,阐明节奏感知不仅仅是一种单纯的模式现象,而是融合不同的“场”发挥更完整的作用这一结论。

关键词： 共情   情绪共情   认知共情   量表   行为范式   生理信号  

摘要： 共情使个体能够理解并分享他人的感受,对人际交往有重要意义.近年来,基于量表、行为范式、生理信号等多个层面的共情研究方法有了长足进展,为研究不同维度的共情(如情绪共情、认知共情)的机制提供了多方面的信息.然而,由于"共情"缺乏统一定义,研究者根据各自理解开发了多样化的研究方法,这阻碍了对现有共情研究结果的比较和整合.本文基于情绪共情和认知共情两个维度对量表、行为范式、生理信号3个层面的常用共情研究方法进行了分类总结.首先,本文围绕共情概念、测量维度等方面简要介绍若干影响力较大的共情量表,如情绪倾向量表、霍根共情量表、人际反应指针量表等.其次,本文总结并比较针对不同共情维度的常用实验材料及行为范式的特点.再次,本文系统介绍如何在共情研究中利用面部肌电、脑电、脑磁和磁共振成像等方法提取共情相关的生理信号并分析其特点.最后,本文综合对比不同层面共情研究方法的特点,并建议研究人员根据研究需要谨慎选择研究方法.此外,针对当前共情研究存在的可比性问题和生态效度问题,建议对不同研究结果进行比较和整合时特别注意共情概念是否一致;未来研究需开发更具生态效度的行为范式,重点探究共情的动态加工过程.

关键词： 核心力量训练   身体素质训练   杂技教学   运动生物力学   神经生理学   运动解剖学   训练方法   优秀运动员  

摘要： 身体素质训练是杂技训练中不可忽视的重要部分,而“核心力量训练”又是近年来身体素质训练中主流的训练方法,但它并没有被广泛运用到杂技训练中。笔者总结在杂技教学中的多年实践,对杂技训练的各环节进行细致分析,认识到核心力量中多样性、针对性的训练方法可以被杂技训练所采用。希望“核心力量训练”被杂技业界广泛认知,切实运用到杂技教学中,对于杂技科学训练起到帮助作用。20世纪90年代,西方体育科研人员根据运动解剖学、神经生理学及运动生物力学等对人体的躯干肌群进行了深入研究,得出一套既能强化力量,又能保障身体健康的训练方法,被称为“核心力量训练”。本世纪初,中国优秀运动员进入海外的职业体育联盟效力,初次接触此训练。随着中国体育的职业化,各运动队开始不惜重金聘请外籍体能师,而他们所带来的重要理念就是:核心力量,由此它开始在我国体育领域被广泛认知,力量训练告别了单一的蹲杠铃、做卧推的时代。

关键词： 生理学基础   认知心理学   听觉功能   神经   资源   听力学   维度  

摘要： 全面评价听觉功能,不仅要测量个体听见了多少,即可听度(显性维度),还要关注其如何听,即聆听策略(隐性维度),前者由常规的听觉任务表现来反映,比如言语理解度和阈值等;而后者则由听配能(listening effort)的调控来反映。听配能是认知听力学领域的一个重要概念,是认知心理学中广义配能(effort)的一种特殊形式,特指在完成听觉任务以达到语言理解的过程中,由听者主观支配使用的各种形式的资源,包括躯体行动资源、认知资源和情绪资源;换言之,指聆听者从自身有限的认知资源中分配给听觉任务的那部分精力和能量。