关键词： 航天医学   军事医学   心理生理学   USSR  

关键词： 年龄因素   动物   新生   觉醒   行为   动物   体重   阉割   习惯化   心理生理学   泌乳   母体胎儿间交换   运动活动   营养障碍/并发症   妊娠并发症   性别因素   社会行为   社会隔绝   动物   女(雌)性   男(雄)性   妊娠   大鼠  

摘要： The growth-retarded offspring of mother rats undernourished throughout pregnancy and lactation were fed ad libitum from weaning. Males were tested at 100 days of age, and ovariectomized females at 150 days. After 2 weeks of isolation, pairs of males consisting of 1 control (C) and 1 previously undernourished (PU) rat were observed for 10 min on each of 9 consecutive days. Similarly paired and treated female rats were tested a total of 8 times, the first 3 tests being separated from the last 5 by a 10-day interval. The PU rats, whether male or female, performed more rearing responses and PU male rats ambulated more in the social situation than C rats. The PU males also performed more of the social responses allogroom, walk over, and mount than C males. Similarly, PU females performed more allogroom and crawl under than C females. In general, PU rats were more active than C rats and more socially responsive.

关键词： 运动技能/生理学   定向力/生理学   心理学试验/仪器和设备   心理生理学   应激   心理学/生理学   青少年   人类  

关键词： 氨基酸序列   胆囊收缩素/生理学   消化生理学   胃黏膜/分泌   胃泌素类/分泌   胃肠激素类/生理学   肠黏膜/分泌   肠分泌物/生理学   动物   人类   兔  

关键词： 焦虑/治疗   行为疗法   生物反馈   心理学   脱敏作用   心理学   皮电反应   心率   恐怖症/治疗   实践(心理学)   心理生理学   呼吸   自我评价   定向(心理学)   青少年   成年人   女(雌)性   人类   中年人  

摘要： Ten specific phobics improved during a mean of two sessions of experimental treatment by exposure in vivo in a balanced design. Short-term results replicated those of a previous study that self-control of heart rate with the aid of biofeedback significantly reduced heart rate during treatment, but this did not hasten reduction of subjective anxiety, nor of respiratory rate or skin conductance responses. An hour's pretreatment training in self-control of heart rate with the aid of feedback did not enhance the effect. Mere instructions to lower heart rate without feedback had a significant effect during treatment, but the addition of heart rate feedback to instructions significantly augmented the decline in heart rate.

关键词： 注意力   色觉   色觉试验   色觉缺陷/诊断   辨别(心理学)   习惯化   心理生理学   光刺激   婴儿   女(雌)性   人类   男(雄)性  

摘要： Two experiments were conducted to demonstrate that human infants 3 months of age perceive color in a normal, trichromatic manner. In the first experiment, the visual attention of 30 infants was monitored in a habituation-dishabituation paradigm that used spectral and white lights with brightness factors eliminated. Infants discriminated white from monochromatic light in a region of the spectrum (490–500 nm) where color-normal adults can but color-deficient adults cannot. In the second experiment which also used a habituation paradigm, eight infants showed good discrimination between hues in a region of the spectrum (560–580 nm) where color-deficient adults typically show no hue discrimination. Results from these studies of the neutral zone and hue discrimination evidence trichromatic vision in infancy and are discussed in the context of their several clinical, social, and intellectual implications.

关键词： 边缘系统/生理学   咀嚼   神经生理学   言语/生理学   人类  

关键词： 心理学   军事   心理生理学   USSR   人类  

关键词： 条件反射   经典/生理学   职业医学   心理生理学   纺织工业   触觉/生理学   USSR   视知觉/生理学   青少年   女(雌)性   人类  

关键词： 注意力/生理学   高级神经活动   心理学试验/仪器和设备   心理生理学   青少年   成年人   人类