关键词： 唇读法   方法   语音学   体位   心理生理学   美国   视知觉   女(雌)性   人类  

摘要： This study was concerned with the extraction, description, and verification of visual perceptual features underlying vowel lipreading performance. Ten viewers with normal hearing rated the visual similarity of pairs of 15 vowels and diphthongs presented in an /h-g/ context by four speakers. Multidimensional scaling techniques were used to extract potential perceptual features which were then labeled by the experimenters. The resulting perceptual dimensions were correlated with physical measurements of lip shape to evaluate the adequacy of the feature labels. The results indicated that the traditional extended-rounded vowel feature and a vertical lip separation feature were the characteristics most prominent in judging ths stimuli. In addition, a feature related to overall area of maximum lip opening and two features unique to diphthong perception were tentatively identified.

关键词： 注意力/生理学   残疾鉴定   心理生理学   中小学生卫生保健服务   季节   时间因素   工作能力评定   人类  

关键词： 适应   心理学   年龄因素   衰老   对死亡的态度   文化   心理过程   神经系统生理学   心理生理学   自我概念   老年人   女(雌)性   人类   男(雄)性  

关键词： 血管/生理学   细胞分化   结缔组织   DNA/代谢   消化生理学   葡糖氨基聚糖类/代谢   肌   平滑/血液供给   肌   平滑/生理学   肌原纤维   RNA/代谢   再生   输尿管/生理学   膀胱/生理学   泌尿道生理学   子宫/生理学   动物   猫   女(雌)性   豚鼠   兔   大鼠  

摘要： The paper summarizes the data of the author and his co-workers on regulation of the musculature of vessels, digestive tract, uterus, ureters and urinary bladder. The smooth muscle cells have different degrees of differentiation. The muscular tissue of the vessels is most differentiated. The uterus musculature is very plastical. After injury mature myocytes are the first to undergo destruction. The intermedial substance is more stable. Myoblasts, young elements of the fibroblast row and the subendothelial layer cells are the origin of muscular regeneration. Figures of mitosis and amitosis are noted. Mature myocytes and intercellular substance are formed in the process of differentiation of the regeneration. The content of RNP in the regeneration cells is high, but in the process of differentiation of its elements it becomes lower. The DNP level has inconsiderable fluctuations. In early experiments PAS-positive substances are revealed in greater degree than in later ones. The content of acid mucopolysaccharides decreases in the process of fibrillogenesis. In all internal organs under study the muscular tissue regenerated. The degree of differentiation, severity of the lesion and functional peculiarities of the organ determine the completeness of the tissue reparation. The musculature of the intestinal tract and vessels regenerates more completely. Mighty layers of connective tissue with de novo formed blood vessels are disposed among the bundles of the repaired muscular tissue of the uterus and urine bladder wall. Simultaneously a part of regeneration cells are destroyed. These are two sides of a single process of development.

关键词： 方差分析   听觉/生理学   脑/生理学   诱发电位   习惯化   心理生理学   反应时间   成年人   人类  

摘要： The effect of the variables "stimulus intensity", "residual effect of previous stimulus intensity", "period effect" and "subject effect" on the amplitudes and on the peak latencies of the N1 and P1 components of the acoustical EEG evoked potentials was studied in human subjects with the use of an orthogonal experimental design. The stimulus intensity (30, 50 and 80 dB) accounts for the greatest part of the total variance of the amplitudes and of the peak latencies of N1.-The existence of a totalvariance component due to differences between the subjects is also statistically significant (P equals 5%), As far as the period effect (habituation effect) is concerned, only its effect on the amplitude of N1 - P2 is statistically significant. - The residual effect of the stimulus intensity used in the previous series was not significant.

关键词： 人类学   生物化学   选择行为   控制论   模型   心理学   神经生理学   人格   精神病学/历史   精神病学/方法   精神病/病因学   精神病/遗传学   精神分裂症/病因学   精神分裂症   偏执型/病因学   精神分裂症心理学   社会学   历史   19世纪   历史   20世纪   人类  

摘要： The multiplicity of frequently conflicting views in the psychiatry of today inspires the wish for a uniform way thinking about the thorough knowledge and the many hypotheses that have become almost boundlessly vast. Such ideas of models as have played a part for quite some time in the mathematical and natural sciences, and of late in the sociology, are also to be found in the field of psychiatry, without however always being called so expressis verbis. Guided by the historical development an attempt has been made to expose model-like ideas about the etiology and pathogenesis of endogenic psychoses, first of all of schizophrenia, as they have become decisive for modern psychiatry. It appears that in the abbreviation of the "model" the basis for a discussion already overdue is to be found.

关键词： 奖赏和奖品   医学史   心理生理学   美国  

关键词： 觉醒   联想   注意力   诊断   鉴别   辨别(心理学)   眼球运动   皮电反应   心率   视错觉   预后   心理生理学   反应时间   精神分裂症/诊断   精神分裂症   偏执型/诊断   精神分裂症语言   大小知觉   视知觉   人类  

关键词： 金刚烷胺/投药和剂量   金刚烷胺/药理学   麻醉   全身   血压/药物作用   地西泮/投药和剂量   地西泮/药理学   氯胺酮/投药和剂量   氯胺酮/药理学   心理生理学   呼吸/药物作用   成年人   女(雌)性   人类   男(雄)性   中年人  

关键词： 实验室   运动活动/生理学   运动神经元/生理学   肌收缩   肌原纤维/生理学   神经生理学   联机系统   动物   猫  

摘要： Some simple circuitry is described which has been successfully used in conjunction with a small laboratory computer for 'on-line' measurements of the force of contraction of single motor units in cat gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Our approach emphasizes use of a sample and hold device to allow high amplification of small forces developed during single motor unit contractions which are often superimposed on relatively large whole muscle passive forces. Two digitally controlled selectable gain amplifiers are used to ensure proper modulation of the computer's ADC and to enable automatic scaling of the measured variables. An analog peak detector is incorporated into the unit such that peak force measurements can be made with the minimum of computer software. The principles governing the present design are directly applicable to the measurement of intracellularly recorded postsynaptic potentials and a variety of other physiological variables which require accurate measurement of a small transient signal superimposed on a large 'control' or 'resting' signal.