关键词： 衰老   消化生理学   肠吸收   吸收不良综合征/病因学   核黄素/代谢   老年人   女(雌)性   人类   男(雄)性  

关键词： 声刺激/方法   觉醒   脑干/生理学   电刺激   电极   植入   脑电描记术   反馈   习惯化   心理生理学   海马/生理学   中脑/生理学   网状结构/生理学   动物   女(雌)性   兔  

摘要： Measurements of the physiological impedance of brain stem in rabbits with chronically implanted electrodes permitted the quantitative determination of the relationship between the processes of inhibition and facilitation of impulse conduction within the reticular formation of the brain stem. It was found that the same acoustic stimulus caused alternatingly appearing increases and decreases in the physiological impedance of the brain stem.

关键词： 脑/诊断显像   计算机/统计学和数值数据   电极   植入   心理生理学   放射摄影术   研究设计   统计学(主题)   立体定位技术   遥测术  

摘要： Presents a general description of developments in animal physiological psychology and the possible advantages of X-ray assisted electrode implantation. Advances that have been made in 3 areas--localization, delivery, and the recording and analysis of data--are outlined. (18 ref)

关键词： 认知   自我   情绪   知觉域依赖性和自主性   基因   道德   非语言交流   知觉   人格   人格发展   心理学理论   心理生理学   研究   角色   性染色体畸变/并发症   性别因素   社会环境   气质   双生   语音   女(雌)性   人类   男(雄)性   妊娠  

摘要： Focuses on various literary works related to personality in the context of psychology as of January 1975. Information on reorientations in psychological research; Discussion on ego development and moral development; Analysis of sex differences in personality.

关键词： 脂肪组织/生理学   年龄因素   食欲调节   行为   动物   细胞生理学   膳食   消化生理学   食品   偏食   胃肠活动   冬眠   内环境稳定   饥饿/生理学   下丘脑/生理学   肾/生理学   脂类代谢   长寿   营养障碍/病理生理学   营养生理学   肥胖症/病理生理学   垂体/生理学   满足   味觉   动物   人类  

摘要： This chapter mainly focuses on the concepts in the regulation of food intake and the progress in the knowledge of nutrition, the importance of food, water, and nutrition for the survival of a living element and also the processes that take place during food intake. Nutrition consists of many biochemical, physiological, and behavioral processes, all of them interlocked and geared to the specific function that is the survival of each animal. Food exists in the external environment. To obtain food requires a sense of need or appetite. Appetite or drive sets an animal in search for food. This requires locomotion, exploration, and examination. Recognition of food is made possible by the chemical senses. The animal must choose an adequate diet in accordance with its needs. Information about food in the external environment is integrated in the brain with information on bodily needs, leading to a choice of food best suited to the survival of the animal. The chapter covers topics like early concepts in the regulation of food intake, appetite, hunger, drive, urges for food, the gastrointestinal tract and regulation of food intake, role of adipose tissues in regulation of food intake, alimentary behavior, processing of food: flavors; obesity: impairment of regulation of food intake; diet and span of life. © 1975, Academic Press, Inc.

关键词： 针刺疗法   遗忘/病因学   行为疗法   条件反射   经典   分离型精神障碍   梦   脑电描记术   预测   功能偏侧化   幻觉/病因学   催眠术   视错觉   疼痛/病因学   疼痛/治疗   人格   精神分析理论   心理学试验   心理学理论   心理生理性障碍/治疗   心理生理学   精神病/治疗   研究   皮肤温度   睡眠   人类  

摘要： Focuses on literary works related to hypnosis. Discussion on controversy over the utility of the concept of trance; Details about theories of hypnosis; Information on psychophysiological correlates of hypnotic responsiveness.

关键词： 条件反射   经典   辨别(心理学)   足/神经支配   皮电反应   习惯化   心理生理学   智力   精神发育迟滞   定向力   时间因素   触觉   儿童   女(雌)性   人类   男(雄)性  

摘要： The GSR orienting reflex has been successfully applied to the measurements of normal and disordered tactile sensation and perception in nursery-school children, college students, and brain-injured adults. Because the technique eliminates practically all of the cognitive requirements of conventional measurement procedures, it provides a potential approach for measuring somato-perceptual abilities in the younger, language deficient, and more severely retarded child. In the present study the feasibility of the technique was evaluated by applying it to the discrimination of touches to the soles of the feet. In this simple discrimination, the retarded children performed as well as a control group of nonretarded children.

关键词： 佛教   脑电描记术   皮电反应   心率   哲学   心理生理学   呼吸   思考   瑜伽   人类  

摘要： The scientific research that has investigated the physiological changes associated with meditation as it is practiced by adherents of Indian Yoga, Transcendental Meditation, and Zen Buddhism has not yielded a thoroughly consistent, easily replicable pattern of responses. The majority of studies show meditation to be a wakeful state accompanied by a lowering of cortical and autonomic arousal. The investigations of Zen and Transcendental Meditation have thus far produced the most consistent findings. Additional research into the mechanisms underlying the phenomena of meditation will require a shifting from old to new methodological perspectives that allow for adequate experimental control and the testing of theoretically relevant hypotheses.

关键词： 攻击   动物   新生   满足欲望行为   行为   动物   鸟类   色觉   逃逸反应   进化   眼   习惯化   心理生理学   湿度   定向力   掠夺行为   压力   温度   时间因素   视知觉   发声   动物   动物   人类  

摘要： 1. 1. The pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca Pallas), a palaearctic songbird, is endangered in its breeding grounds by a number of highly diverse predators and, on occasion, by several avian nest competitors. The ecological impact of the various dangers upon the adult P.F. and/or its brood is broadly assessed and the defence methods described. 2. 2. In order to elucidate part of the stimuli which elicit two distinct anti-predator responses, mobbing and snarling attacks, enemy dummies were presented to over 2200 territorial subjects in the course of 12 years, utilizing three German populations (Berlin, Hessen, Brunswick) and one in Spain (La Granja). Comparison with mobbing responses to the live enemy give confidence in the dummy experiment as a suitable and valid method of approach. 3. 3. Mobbing movements and calls together with their characteristic interrelationships are described as a function of response strength RS. Phenomena as diverse as warming-up, after-response, and short-term fluctuations of the calling rate, all of which are a function of RS, can be causally explained by a unifying concept called 'catch'. 4. 4. A number of external and internal factors tend to increase or diminish mobbing responsiveness. Opportunity to see live redbacked shrikes (= redbacks) (Lanius collurio) neither detectably affected the response to shrikes nor to incomplete shrike patterns. Subjects when tested repeatedly with the same dummy stimulus tend to remain significantly at the same RS level. RS data from parents and their offspring are presented, the proper evaluation of which in terms of heritability has suffered so far from lack of suitable statistics. Evidence for spontaneity of mobbing derives from vacuum alarms of both wild and captive, hand-raised birds. 5. 5. Three similar-sized enemies, e.g. pigmy owl (Glaucidium passerinum), male redback, and great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopus major) are recognized by various sign stimuli, the physical complexity and/or the degr

关键词： 脑/病理生理学   模型   理论   心理生理性障碍/病理生理学   心理生理学   人类