关键词： John C. Eccles (1903-1997)   forced migration   global history   international relations   Bernard Katz (1911-2003)   Stephen W. Kuffler (1913-1980)   neurophysiology   twentieth-century history   CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM   NEUROMUSCULAR-TRANSMISSION   SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION   NEUROSCIENCES   3RD-REICH   NEUROLOGY   PERSPECTIVES   PSYCHIATRY   EMERGENCE   IMPULSES  

摘要： This article explores the work by Bernard Katz (1911-2003), Stephen W. Kuffler (1913-1980), and John C. Eccles (1903-1997) on the nerve-muscle junction as a milestone in twentieth-century neurophysiology with wider scientific implications. The historical question is approached from two perspectives: (a) an investigation of twentieth-century solutions to a longer physiological dispute and (b) an examination of a new kind of laboratory and academic cooperation. From this vantage point, the work pursued in Sydney by Sir John Carew Eccles' team on the neuromuscular junction is particularly valuable, since it contributed a central functional element to modern physiological understanding regarding the function and structure of the human and animal nervous system. The reflex model of neuromuscular action had already been advanced by neuroanatomists such as Georg Prochaska (1749-1820) in Bohemia since the eighteenth century. It became a major component of neurophysiological theories during the nineteenth century, based on the law associated with the names of Francois Magendie (1783-1855) in France and Charles Bell (1774-1842) in Britain regarding the functional differences of the sensory and motor spinal nerves. Yet, it was not until the beginning of the twentieth century that both the histological and the neurophysiological understanding of the nerve-muscle connection became entirely understood and the chemical versus electrical transmission further elicited as the mechanisms of inhibition. John C. Eccles, Bernard Katz, and Stephen W. Kuffler helped to provide some of the missing links for modern neurophysiology. The current article explores several of their scientific contributions and investigates how the context of forced migration contributed to these interactions in contingently new ways.

关键词： Education   low back   neurophysiology   pain   psychometric properties   questionnaire   reliability   spine   translation   validation   CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN   BACK-PAIN   FEAR-AVOIDANCE   NECK PAIN   EDUCATION   BELIEFS   DISABILITY   ADAPTATION   CRITERIA   BURDEN  

摘要： Pain physiology education is an important component in the management of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. The Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) was developed in English to assess pain physiology knowledge in patients. This study aimed to translate the NPQ into French (NPQ-Fr) and to investigate the main psychometric properties of the NPQ-Fr. The translation was performed using the best practice translation guidelines. One hundred and one French-speaking patients with chronic non-specific spinal pain completed the NPQ-Fr to assess its acceptability and presence of floor/ceiling effects and test its dimensionality. The construct validity was tested by comparing the patients' NPQ-Fr scores to those of 17 physiotherapists and investigating its correlation with subscales of the Short Form-36 questionnaire. The reliability (i.e., internal consistency and test-retest reliability) was also investigated. To test the test-retest reliability, 70 patients were asked to complete the NPQ-Fr twice with one week in between. Regarding the NPQ-Fr psychometric properties: 1) acceptability was good; 2) internal consistency reached a Cronbach a-coefficient of 0.44; 3) no floor and ceiling effects were observed in patients; 4) a principal factor analysis generated three major factors; 5) construct validity was good; and 6) reliability was acceptable (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.644; standard error of measurement = 1.5). The NPQ-Fr has satisfactory basic psychometric properties in patients with chronic spinal pain.

关键词： 消化生理学   教学方法   教学效果  

摘要： 消化生理学是医学生理学中的重要章节之一.在教学过程中,充分挖掘本章节附加价值,将生理学发展史,临床应用,相关科研内容和医学前沿及热点问题融入教学中,通过多种途径提高学生学习兴趣和科研及临床思维能力,为后期相关医学课程的学习打下基础.

ISBN: (纸本)9780199688395

关键词： 冠状动脉疾病   生物反馈,心理学   心理生理学  

摘要： 目的探讨生物反馈训练对冠心病患者生理-心理学指标的影响。方法 56名冠心病患者被随机分配到观察组(生物反馈组)或对照组,两组各28例。观察组患者接受了每天1次、每次30min、为期14d的生物反馈训练,对照组患者在同等条件下静卧30min。在治疗前后对患者生理指标中的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP),正常心动周期的标准差(SDNN))及心理指标中的焦虑(HAMA)、抑郁(HAMD)进行评估,比较组内和组间差异。结果 (1)观察组SBP、DBP、HAMA和HAMD均显著低于对照组(t=3.394,P=0.001 3;t=3.632,P=0.000 6;t=4.252,P=0.000 1;t=4.309,P=0.000 1),SDNN显著高于对照组(t=3.213,P=0.002 2)。(2)观察组SBP、DBP、HAMA和HAMD较治疗前显著降低,SDNN较治疗前显著升高(P<0.05);对照组SBP、HAMD较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05)。结论生物反馈训练是一种有效的冠心病辅助治疗方式。

关键词： 中药资源与开发   植物生理实验   教学改革  

摘要： 指出植物生理学实验教学的共性问题,以及医学院校中药资源与开发专业的植物生理学实验教学存在的新问题。以内蒙古医科大学植物生理实验改革措施为例,从4个方面提出了解决方法,即在实际实验教学环节中,通过实验材料替换、开展比较实验、探究性实验以及实验考核方式等措施来解决实验教学中的问题。试图为医学院校中药资源与开发专业植物生理学实验教学提供可靠的改革方向。

关键词： TELECOMMUNICATION in medicine   NEUROPHYSIOLOGY   ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY   PATENT applications   CLINICAL trials  

摘要： In many countries Telemedicine is regularly employed, i.e.: US, Canada. Although, Telemedicine use has been planned in the “Digital Agenda 2020”, only few countries in Europe extensively adopt it (France, Norway, Finland, Denmark). In Italy Telemedicine services show different development levels and they are widespread in few Regions (Emilia Romagna, Veneto, Lombardia). In Terni S. Maria Hospital is underway experimental Telemedicine project coordinated by local Unit of Neurophysiology, using patented technology. Standard and monitoring EEGs are recorded through wireless system, using lan-WiFi for connection. Laptop PC with Remote Desktop software keeps control of EEG working station. EEG recorded data can be visualized on the neurophysiologist PC everywhere. Medical report of EEGs are validated through electronic signature. This method has been technically and methodologically evaluated by Italian Ministry of Public Function (Ex-DIGITPA) and considered correct. Relevant advantages has been documented: effective and faster diagnosis, safety VPN connection, freeware program of Remote Desktop, conformity with privacy rules on data recording, any adjunctive cost comparing with traditional procedure, except unavoidable initial investment for system projecting. Approval by Umbria Regional Health Authorities of Telemedicine use in clinical practice appears necessary to ameliorate safety, quality and availability of health services for patients.

关键词： 试题答案   医学教育   生物学杂志   神经心理学   增殖过程   颞上回   神经生理学   学习障碍   脑神经科学   教育科学  

摘要： 一、填空题1.生物科学教育科学生物学神经生理学神经心理学脑神经科学2.背侧诱导过程腹侧诱导过程神经细胞增殖过程神经元移行过程器官化过程髓鞘化过程3.前额中叶颞上回颞顶联合区杏仁核梭状回4.负性的自我评价学习障碍同伴拒绝抑郁。

关键词： 教育生物学   人类教育   脑神经科学   神经心理学   生长发育阶段   生物科学   脑科学   教育方法   教育科学   神经生理学  

摘要： 教育生物学（bio-education）,是从生物学、神经生理学、神经心理学、脑神经科学的角度研究人类教育现象及其一般规律的学科。生物科学与教育科学相融合形成的一门交叉学科。其研究对象是人,着重研究处于接受教育和生长发育阶段的儿童和青少年个体及群体。

关键词： SPINAL cord diseases   PATIENTS   NEUROPHYSIOLOGY   SOMATOSENSORY evoked potentials   ELECTROMYOGRAPHY  

摘要： In 1991, in Florence began a tight collaboration between Spinal Unit and Neurophysiological Service. From the beginning it became evident that neurophysiological examinations (NE) was a valid asset to clinical examination, because it helps to better define the real damage in patients with spinal cord lesion, traumatic but also vascular, neoplastic, iatrogenic, etc.. Although at the beginning NE was mainly used for diagnostic purposes, its prognostic value became evident for prediction of functional outcome with a higher reliability and be helpful for planning and selection of appropriate therapeutic-rehabilitative approaches. NE comprise SEPs, MEPs, EMG/ENG, SSR, LEPs. Until now 2510 patients (6–84 years   old) were studied, many of whom were recorded multiple times also during the acute period. We observed every type of NE alterations; in cases where the NE responses were absent, even during acute stage, no functional recovery occurred. NE became very important for diagnosis of spinal patients with peripheral involvement or CIPM and for detecting cases at risk for autonomic dysreflexia. We agree with Curt and Dietz (2009), who wrote: “ combination of SEPs, MEPs and/or EMG measurements provides information about spinal cord function that is not retrievable by other clinical means and may have additional value in predicting functional benefit ”.