关键词： 试题答案   医学教育   生物学杂志   神经心理学   增殖过程   颞上回   神经生理学   学习障碍   脑神经科学   教育科学  

摘要： 一、填空题1.生物科学教育科学生物学神经生理学神经心理学脑神经科学2.背侧诱导过程腹侧诱导过程神经细胞增殖过程神经元移行过程器官化过程髓鞘化过程3.前额中叶颞上回颞顶联合区杏仁核梭状回4.负性的自我评价学习障碍同伴拒绝抑郁。

关键词： 教育生物学   人类教育   脑神经科学   神经心理学   生长发育阶段   生物科学   脑科学   教育方法   教育科学   神经生理学  

摘要： 教育生物学（bio-education）,是从生物学、神经生理学、神经心理学、脑神经科学的角度研究人类教育现象及其一般规律的学科。生物科学与教育科学相融合形成的一门交叉学科。其研究对象是人,着重研究处于接受教育和生长发育阶段的儿童和青少年个体及群体。

关键词： SPINAL cord diseases   PATIENTS   NEUROPHYSIOLOGY   SOMATOSENSORY evoked potentials   ELECTROMYOGRAPHY  

摘要： In 1991, in Florence began a tight collaboration between Spinal Unit and Neurophysiological Service. From the beginning it became evident that neurophysiological examinations (NE) was a valid asset to clinical examination, because it helps to better define the real damage in patients with spinal cord lesion, traumatic but also vascular, neoplastic, iatrogenic, etc.. Although at the beginning NE was mainly used for diagnostic purposes, its prognostic value became evident for prediction of functional outcome with a higher reliability and be helpful for planning and selection of appropriate therapeutic-rehabilitative approaches. NE comprise SEPs, MEPs, EMG/ENG, SSR, LEPs. Until now 2510 patients (6–84 years   old) were studied, many of whom were recorded multiple times also during the acute period. We observed every type of NE alterations; in cases where the NE responses were absent, even during acute stage, no functional recovery occurred. NE became very important for diagnosis of spinal patients with peripheral involvement or CIPM and for detecting cases at risk for autonomic dysreflexia. We agree with Curt and Dietz (2009), who wrote: “ combination of SEPs, MEPs and/or EMG measurements provides information about spinal cord function that is not retrievable by other clinical means and may have additional value in predicting functional benefit ”.

关键词： 神经生理学疗法   高压氧   颅脑损伤综合征   肢体功能障碍  

摘要： 目的探讨神经生理学疗法结合高压氧治疗颅脑损伤综合征的临床疗效。方法将92例颅脑损伤所致肢体功能障碍患者随机分为两组:治疗组46例,对照组46例。对照组单纯应用常规药物治疗及生活能力训练;治疗组在对照组基础上应用高压氧治疗、神经生理学疗法治疗,治疗时间为90 d。治疗结束后,对比分析两组患者治疗效果(使用Barthel评分)。结果经3个月治疗,观察两组患者疗效,使用Barthel评分,并按照治疗前后Barthel指数评分的差值(自理能力的恢复程度)进行分组统计分析,使用χ2检验,χ2=12.134 8(自由度υ=2),查表得P<0.005,表示两组治疗前后数据存在明显差异,具有统计学意义。结论神经生理学疗法结合高压氧能够显著改善颅脑损伤所致肢体功能障碍,宜在发病后早期进行。

关键词： brain development   EEG power spectra   napping   sleep electroencephalography   sleep homeostasis   slow wave activity   SLOW WAVES   PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN   NOCTURNAL SLEEP   EEG   SPINDLES   INFANTS   ADULTS   ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM   WAKEFULNESS   HOMEOSTASIS  

摘要： Although all young children nap, the neurophysiological features and associated developmental trajectories of daytime sleep remain largely unknown. Longitudinal studies of napping physiology are fundamental to understanding sleep regulation during early childhood, a sensitive period in brain and behaviour development and a time when children transition from a biphasic to a monophasic sleep-wakefulness pattern. We investigated daytime sleep in eight healthy children with sleep electroencephalography (EEG) assessments at three longitudinal points: 2 years (2.5-3.0 years), 3 years (3.5-4.0 years) and 5 years (5.5-6.0 years). At each age, we measured nap EEG during three randomized conditions: after 4 h (morning nap), 7 h (afternoon nap) and 10 h (evening nap) duration of prior wakefulness. Developmental changes in sleep were most prevalent in the afternoon nap (e.g. decrease in sleep duration by 30 min from 2 to 3 years and by 20 min from 3 to 5 years). In contrast, nap sleep architecture (% of sleep stages) remained unchanged across age. Maturational changes in non-rapid eye movement sleep EEG power were pronounced in the slow wave activity (SWA, 0.75-4.5 Hz), theta (4.75-7.75 Hz) and sigma (10-15 Hz) frequency ranges. These findings indicate that the primary marker of sleep depth, SWA, is less apparent in daytime naps as children mature. Moreover, our fundamental data provide insight into associations between sleep regulation and functional modifications in the central nervous system during early childhood.

关键词： Alcohol   Aging   Electroencephalographic   Driving   Spectral Power   WORKING-MEMORY   OLDER   EEG   YOUNGER   OSCILLATIONS   PERFORMANCE   CONSUMPTION   DYNAMICS   ALPHA   PSYCHOMOTOR  

摘要： BackgroundDriver age and blood alcohol concentration are both important factors in predicting driving risk; however, little is known regarding the joint import of these factors on neural activity following socially relevant alcohol doses. We examined age and alcohol effects on brain oscillations during simulated driving, focusing on 2 region-specific frequency bands implicated in task performance and attention: parietal alpha power (PAP; 8 to 12Hz) and frontal theta power (FTP; 4 to 7Hz). MethodsParticipants included 80 younger (aged 25 to 35years) and 40 older (aged 55 to 70years) community-dwelling, moderate drinkers. Participants consumed placebo, low, or moderate doses of alcohol designed to achieve target peak breath alcohol concentrations of 0, 0.04, or 0.065g/dl, respectively. Electrophysiological measures were recorded during engagement in a simulated driving task involving 4 scenarios of varied environmental complexity. ResultsA main effect of age was detected in FTP, but neither an alcohol effect nor interactions were observed. For PAP, an age-by-alcohol interaction was detected. Relative to placebo controls, older and younger participants receiving low-dose (0.04g/dl) alcohol evinced divergent PAP alterations, with a pattern of higher power among older participants and lower power among younger participants. This interaction was noted across the varied environmental contexts. ConclusionsThese findings are consistent with the hypothesis that compared with younger individuals, older drivers may be differentially susceptible to alcohol effects. While these age-by-alcohol interactions in neural activity are provocative, further investigation exploring the mechanisms and behavioral correlates of these effects will be crucial in determining their behavioral impact.

关键词： First-episode psychosis   schizophrenia   event-related potentials   prepulse inhibition   neuropsychology   CONSENSUS COGNITIVE BATTERY   IMPAIRED PREPULSE INHIBITION   ACOUSTIC STARTLE RESPONSE   TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY   SCHIZOPHRENIA   P50   ABNORMALITIES   HABITUATION   ATTENTION   N100  

摘要： Sensory gating deficits are commonly found in patients with schizophrenia. However, there is still scarce research on this issue. Thirty-eight patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) were compared to thirty-eight controls. A condition-test paradigm of event-related potentials (ERP), prepulse inhibition (PPI), and some specific tasks of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were used (i.e., TMT, BACS-SC, and Fluency for processing speed and CPT-IP for attention and vigilance). The ERP components measured were P50, N1, and P2. The PPI intervals examinedwere 30, 60, and 120 msec. Regarding the MCCB, processing speed and attention/vigilance cognitive domains were selected. FEP patients showed significant deficits in N1 and P2 components, at 30 and 60 PPI levels and in all the MCCB subtests selected. We obtained significant relationships in N1 with PPI-60, and with one MCCB subtest for processing speed. In addition, this same subtest showed significant association with P2. Therefore, sensory gating functioning is widely impaired since the very early stages of schizophrenia.

关键词： 作物生理学   夏玉米   根系冗余   去根   根系形态   干物质积累  

摘要： 为探明密植高产玉米群体是否存在根系冗余,于2014年至2015年在河北农业大学辛集试验站进行了田间试验.以玉米杂交种郑单958为材料,比较研究了在75000株/hm2的密度条件下,分别于大喇叭口期去根和吐丝期去根处理对植株根系形态、干物质积累及产量性状的影响.结果 表明:与不去根处理相比,吐丝期去根处理的植株穗粒数、千粒重和产量分别提高了8.7％、4.74％和1.98％,而大喇叭口期去根处理的植株分别降低了16.5％、10.29％和2.74％.随着生育进程的推进,各处理的植株地上部分总干物重和分配至果穗中的干物质比例不断增加,其中吐丝期去根处理的总干物重和果穗干物质分配比例最高,较对照分别增加了0.72％和4.96％.两种去根处理显著增加了0～10 cm土层内的根系长度,尤其增加了0.5～1.0 mm毛细根的数量,利于对耕层水分和营养的吸收.大喇叭口期去根处理增加了各土层内的根系表面积和根体积,吐丝期去根处理增加了0～10 cm土层内的根系表面积和根体积.研究认为,密植高产玉米群体存在根系冗余,在玉米吐丝期适当去根处理对玉米产量的提高具有促进作用.

关键词： 植物生理实验   教学改革   实践性  

摘要： 植物生理学实验课的开设,不仅可以提高理论教学效果,更重要的是还可以培养学生的实际操作能力、观察能力、综合分析能力和创新思维能力,促进学生创造思维的形成。本文根据植物生理学课程的特点和教学实践以及专业发展,来分析植物生理实验教学中存在的问题,并提出更切合植物生理实验课程教学改革的重要建议。

关键词： 中职   植物生理学   实训教学   多元化   互动模式  

摘要： 将多元化互动模式应用于植物生理学实验教学活动，可以发挥出十分显著的作用，一般要完成相关阶段的工作才可以完成有效的探索，同时开展相关的实践活动，完成实施多元化互动模式意义的分析，在上述的基础上评价分析实现的模式情况，同时评估其实际的使用效果。多元化互动式教学的实施，可以激发学生的学习热情，培养学生在学习过程中的主动性，同时培养学生的团队意识，提升学生合作精神和动手能力，促使其在实际学习的过程中第一时间发现问题，并有足够的能力解决所发现的问题。在培养农业院校创新性人才的过程中，使用多元化互动模式具有非常显著的作用。