关键词： Higuchi's fractal dimension   Nervous system   EEG   Neurophysiology   STATIC MAGNETIC-FIELD   TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY   MORIMUS-FUNEREUS COLEOPTERA   TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY   CAMPHOR ESSENTIAL OIL   ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS   BURSTING ACTIVITY   ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE   SIGNAL COMPLEXITY   SEIZURE DETECTION  

摘要： Background and objective: For more than 20 years, Higuchi's fractal dimension (HFD), as a nonlinear method, has occupied an important place in the analysis of biological signals. The use of HFD has evolved from EEG and single neuron activity analysis to the most recent application in automated assessments of different clinical conditions. Our objective is to provide an updated review of the HFD method applied in basic and clinical neurophysiological research. Methods: This article summarizes and critically reviews a broad literature and major findings concerning the applications of HFD for measuring the complexity of neuronal activity during different neurophysiological conditions. The source of information used in this review comes from the PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and IEEE Xplore Digital Library databases. Results: The review process substantiated the significance, advantages and shortcomings of HFD application within all key areas of basic and clinical neurophysiology. Therefore, the paper discusses HFD application alone, combined with other linear or nonlinear measures, or as a part of automated methods for analyzing neurophysiological signals. Conclusions: The speed, accuracy and cost of applying the HFD method for research and medical diagnosis make it stand out from the widely used linear methods. However, only a combination of HFD with other nonlinear methods ensures reliable and accurate analysis of a wide range of neurophysiological signals. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： anxiety   anxiety disorders   brain imaging   neuroimaging   SAD   social anxiety disorder   social phobia   ACT   acceptance and commitment therapy   CBT   cognitive-behavior therapy   RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL   NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY   SOCIAL PHOBIA   COMMITMENT THERAPY   PREFRONTAL CORTEX   DISORDER   BRAIN   SUBTYPES   STIMULATION   EXPOSURE  

摘要： Individuals with public speaking anxiety (PSA) experience fear and avoidance that can cause extreme distress, impaired speaking performance, and associated problems in psychosocial functioning. Most extant interventions for PSA emphasize anxiety reduction rather than enhancing behavioral performance. We compared the efficacy of two brief cognitive-behavioral interventions, a traditional cognitive-behavior treatment (tCBT) and an acceptance-based behavior treatment (ABBT), on public speaking performance and anxiety in a clinical sample of persons with PSA. The effects of treatment on prefrontal brain activation were also examined. Participants (n = 21) were randomized to 90 min of an ABBT or a tCBT intervention. Assessments took place at pre- and post-treatment and included self-rated anxiety and observer-rated performance measures, a behavioral assessment, and prefrontal cortical activity measurements using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Exploratory results indicated that participants in the ABBT condition experienced greater improvements in observer-rated performance relative to those in the tCBT condition, while those in the tCBT condition experienced greater reductions in subjective anxiety levels. Individuals in the ABBT condition also exhibited a trend toward greater treatment-related reductions in blood volume in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex relative to those who received tCBT. Overall, these findings preliminarily suggest that acceptance-based treatments may free more cognitive resources in comparison with tCBT, possibly resulting in greater improvements in objectively rated behavioral performances for ABBT interventions.

关键词： Rett syndrome   neurophysiology   MECP2   GENOTYPE-PHENOTYPE RELATIONSHIPS   AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION   INTERNATIONAL DATA   DISORDER PROFILE   MECP2 MUTATIONS   VAGAL TONE   MANAGEMENT   DELETIONS   SEVERITY   FEMALES  

摘要： Many studies have attempted to establish the genotype-phenotype correlation in Rett syndrome (RTT). Cardiorespiratory measurements provide robust objective data, to correlate with each of the different clinical phenotypes. It has important implications for the management and treatment of this syndrome. The aim of this study was to correlate the genotype with the quantitative cardiorespiratory data obtained by neurophysiological measurement combined with a clinical severity score. This international multicenter study was conducted in four European countries from 1999 to 2012. The study cohort consisted of a group of 132 well-defined RTT females aged between 2 and 43 years with extended clinical, molecular, and neurophysiological assessments. Diagnosis of RTT was based on the consensus criteria for RTT and molecular confirmation. Genotype-phenotype analyses of clinical features and cardiorespiratory data were performed after grouping mutations by the same type and localization or having the same putative biological effect on the MeCP2 protein, and subsequently on eight single recurrent mutations. A less severe phenotype was seen in females with CTS, p.R133C, and p.R294X mutations. Autonomic disturbances were present in all females, and not restricted to nor influenced by one specific group or any single recurrent mutation. The objective information from non-invasive neurophysiological evaluation of the disturbed central autonomic control is of great importance in helping to organize the lifelong care for females with RTT. Further research is needed to provide insights into the pathogenesis of autonomic dysfunction, and to develop evidence-based management in RTT. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： 项目教学法   植物生理学   实验教学   科研思维   创新能力  

摘要： 传统的植物生理学实验教学普遍存在着实验内容陈旧、实验模式单一、实验技术落后等问题,已经远远滞后于学科及相关领域的发展,极大限制了学生对植物生理学研究前沿技术的了解。基于项目教学法构建了植物生理学实验教学新体系,将传统的验证性实验改变为设计性项目研究,引导学生独立完成"项目设计→方案制订→项目实施→交流讨论→完善总结→论文撰写"的整个项目教学过程,并将传统实验方法和现代仪器测定方法相结合,使学生既能深刻地了解实验原理,又能接触到先进的分析仪器。通过对植物生理学实验教学的改革与创新,显著提升了学生的科研能力和创新能力,旨在为我国农林高校的专业实验教学改革提供参考。

关键词： 时间知觉   情绪   纹状体   注意   多巴胺  

摘要： 时间在人们的认知过程中发挥着重要的作用。个体对于时间的感知一直是神经科学领域以及心理学领域关心的话题。一些研究表明,人们对时间的体验受情绪的影响。早期的相关研究主要集中在心理学领域。近年来,时间知觉的神经生理学机制研究取得了较多的进展,这使得研究者们能够从神经网络机制,神经递质变化以及突触可塑性等角度探索情绪如何调节时间知觉。本文对近年来有关情绪影响时间知觉的相关研究进行综述,以期为深入探索时间知觉的神经机制提供帮助。

关键词： EEG   Guideline   EEG equipment   EEG electrode   EEG montage   EEG brain death   EEG report   Adult   Pediatric   Neonatal  

摘要： This revision to the EEG Guidelines is an update incorporating current EEG technology and practice. Standards of practice in clinical electroencephalography (previously Guideline 4) has been removed. It is currently undergoing revision through collaboration among multiple medical societies and will become part of Qualifications and Responsibilities of Personnel Performing and Interpreting Clinical Neurophysiology Procedures. The remaining guidelines are reordered and renumbered.

关键词： journals   Neurophysiology  

关键词： Electroencephalography montage   10-10 system   International 10-20 system   Adult   Pediatric  

摘要： This revision to the EEG Guidelines is an update incorporating current electroencephalography technology and practice and was previously published as Guideline 6. A discussion of methodology for the appropriate selection of reference electrodes is added. In addition, montages are added to assist with localization of abnormal activity in mesial frontal and anterior temporal regions.

关键词： EEG   Reporting   Routine   Adult   Pediatric   Guideline   TERMINOLOGY  

摘要： This EEG Guideline incorporates the practice of structuring a report of results obtained during routine adult electroencephalography. It is intended to reflect one of the current practices in reporting an EEG and serves as a revision of the previous guideline entitled Writing an EEG Report. The goal of this guideline is not only to convey clinically relevant information, but also to improve interrater reliability for clinical and research use by standardizing the format of EEG reports. With this in mind, there is expanded documentation of the patient history to include more relevant clinical information that can affect the EEG recording and interpretation. Recommendations for the technical conditions of the recording are also enhanced to include post hoc review parameters and type of EEG recording. Sleep feature documentation is also expanded upon. More descriptive terms are included for background features and interictal discharges that are concordant with efforts to standardize terminology. In the clinical correlation section, examples of common clinical scenarios are now provided that encourages uniformity in reporting. Including digital samples of abnormal waveforms is now readily available with current EEG recording systems and may be beneficial in augmenting reports when controversial waveforms or important features are encountered.

关键词： digestibility   digestive enzymes   extrusion   pacu   pelletization   starch gelatinization   TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS   TAMBAQUI COLOSSOMA-MACROPOMUM   WAXY MAIZE STARCH   SPARUS-AURATA   NILE TILAPIA   DIFFERENT PROTEIN   ENZYME-ACTIVITIES   GROWTH   DIGESTIBILITY   PERFORMANCE  

摘要： The responses of the digestive physiology of juvenile pacu to different diet processing were studied. Fish were fed with isoproteic diets with 260 g kg(-1) of crude protein (CP) containing different levels of carbohydrate (DCh) (400 or 500 g kg(-1)), and two diet processing (pelletization or extrusion) for 90 days. Fish fed with extruded diets showed decrease of the gastrointestinal transit time (GI transfer) and of the amylase activity, but maltase activity did not alter. Protease activity of intestine depicted increase when the DCh was raised. The increase of DCh also caused enhancement of the apparent digestibility coefficient of CP (ADCCP) in fish fed with extruded diets. Fish fed with pelletized diets showed increase of the amylase activity in pyloric caecum independently of the dietary carbohydrate level. No interaction was observed between dietary carbohydrate level and diet processing. Maltase activities from the stomach and intestine of pacu were not responsive to the carbohydrate level. The extrusion process improved the carbohydrate availability and the digestion efficiency of protein in pacu. Digestive enzymes of pacu were modulated either by nutrients or diet processing.