关键词： 游戏疗法   心理性疾病   康复   机制研究  

摘要： 作为临床作业疗法之一,游戏治疗被证明对心理性疾病的干预及康复效果显著,且无不良反应。西方发达国家对游戏治疗关注广泛,临床多有开展,且已经形成了相对完善的治疗规范及体系。国内相关实验及临床报道非常少,且主要集中于沙盘游戏疗法、感觉统合训练(体育游戏疗法),对其他游戏疗法少有涉及,而关于游戏疗法的具体心理、神经生理学机制研究几乎未见。本文通过对沙盘游戏疗法、视频游戏疗法、虚拟现实游戏疗法、良好行为游戏疗法以及体育游戏疗法等几种主要的西方先进游戏疗法进行系统梳理,总结分析其抗心理性疾病及康复的具体机制,以促进及推动国内游戏治疗及相关研究的开展,并为临床游戏疗法的应用提供更完备的理论依据,同时展望未来的研究方向。

关键词： enactive approach   architectural experience   embodiment   body schema   emotion   motivation   affordances   virtual reality   VIRTUAL-REALITY   MU-RHYTHM   PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTION   ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX   PREFRONTAL CORTEX   MIRROR NEURONS   BRAIN   ENVIRONMENTS   NEUROSCIENCE   PHENOMENOLOGY  

摘要： Over the last few years, the efforts to reveal through neuroscientific lens the relations between the mind, body, and built environment have set a promising direction of using neuroscience for architecture. However, little has been achieved thus far in developing a systematic account that could be employed for interpreting current results and providing a consistent framework for subsequent scientific experimentation. In this context, the enactive perspective is proposed as a guide to studying architectural experience for two key reasons. Firstly, the enactive approach is specifically selected for its capacity to account for the profound connectedness of the organism and the world in an active and dynamic relationship, which is primarily shaped by the features of the body. Thus, particular emphasis is placed on the issues of embodiment and motivational factors as underlying constituents of the body architecture interactions. Moreover, enactive understanding of the relational coupling between body schema and affordances of architectural spaces singles out the two-way bodily communication between architecture and its inhabitants, which can be also explored in immersive virtual reality settings. Secondly, enactivism has a strong foothold in phenomenological thinking that corresponds to the existing phenomenological discourse in architectural theory and qualitative design approaches. In this way, the enactive approach acknowledges the available common ground between neuroscience and architecture and thus allows a more accurate definition of investigative goals. Accordingly, the outlined model of architectural subject in enactive terms that is, a model of a human being as embodied, enactive, and situated agent, is proposed as a basis of neuroscientific and phenomenological interpretation of architectural experience.

关键词： RESEARCH DOMAIN CRITERIA   STRESS  

关键词： NEUROPHYSIOLOGY   SKEPTICISM   ATTITUDE (Psychology)   MOTIVATION (Psychology)   MATHEMATICAL optimization  

摘要： New methods often spread by means of passionate individuals who see the greater perspective and purpose of the technique. The great challenge then, is to inspire local colleagues, superiors, administrators and technical staff. Accordingly, methods should provide a major advantage to previous methods or fill in a hitherto weak spot in the diagnostic armamentarium. A conservative attitude/skepticism over new methods can be due to: lack of first line evidence evidence exists, but implementation requires a major paradigm shift inertia and lack of resources in the system new methods require time and brains for implementation, some basic concepts may be hard to follow clinical interpretation may be difficult, it may pertain very few patients, and make it difficult to get experience methods may be extremely expensive and time consuming, limiting implementation to resourceful sites. The implementation process must be performed in an appreciative atmosphere, to motivate all parts. Often it is advisable to start with small scale implementation, then gradually including more of the staff. A do-plan-study-act approach is advised to optimize the method before large scale implementation.

关键词： 人工智能   科技发展   人类社会   应用程序   神经生理学   21世纪   数据结构   心理学  

摘要： 人工智能作为21世纪科技发展的最新成就，深刻揭示了科技发展为人类社会带来的巨大影响。本书结合求解智能问题的数据结构以及实现的算法，把人工智能的应用程序应用于实际环境中，并从社会和哲学、心理学以及神经生理学角度对人工智能进行了独特的讨论。

关键词： NEUROPHYSIOLOGY   MEDICAL publishing   PRACTICE of medicine   CRITICAL point theory (Mathematical analysis)   DIAGNOSTIC imaging  

摘要： Although many new neurophysiologic methods are being published, only a few become implemented in the clinical practice. In this interactive session we will address this issue, searching for the possible causes of this discrepancy and also searching for the solutions. The speakers of this session identified a list of items representing challenges and critical points, starting from design and reporting of the diagnostic studies, to dissemination and implementation of the new methods. Together with the audience we will search for possible initiatives for facilitating the implementation in clinical practice of the novel methods in clinical neurophysiology .

关键词： P物质   儿茶酚胺类   奖赏和奖品   前列腺素   神经生理学   神经系统   胰岛素  

摘要： Karolinska Institutet is one of the founding members of the International Alliance for Translational Neuro-science ,IATN. This alliance was established in Beijing in 2012 and it presently includes seven members world-wide. Karolinska Institutet has a long tradition in research on the nervous system. Early on it was mainly represented by the Department of Neurophysiology and the Nobel Laureate Ragnar Granit, and the Department of Physiology, where Ulf von Euler, also a Nobel Laureate,carried out pioneering work on catecholamines, substance P and prostaglandins （ see Grant G ： The Nobel Prizes in the Field of Neuroscience which was published in the same issue）.

关键词： 生物学   教育   脑神经科学   生长发育阶段   神经生理学   神经心理学   交叉学科   生物科学  

摘要： 教育生物学（bio-education）,是从生物学、神经生理学、神经心理学、脑神经科学的角度研究人类教育现象及其一般规律的学科。生物科学与教育科学相融合形成的一门交叉学科。其研究对象是人,着重研究处于接受教育和生长发育阶段的儿童和青少年个体及群体。

关键词： Facial expressions   Facial blends   Motor control   High-speed videography   Upper face   Lower face   Motoric independence   Interjections   EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION   BASIC EMOTIONS   YOUNG INFANTS   BRAIN   CORTEX   INTERJECTIONS   UNIVERSAL   NEUROLOGY   TRACKING   DISPLAYS  

摘要： Facial expressions are described traditionally as monolithic entities. However, humans have the capacity to produce facial blends, in which the upper and lower face simultaneously display different emotional expressions. This, in turn, has led to the Component Theory of facial expressions. Recent neuroanatomical studies in monkeys have demonstrated that there are separate cortical motor areas for controlling the upper and lower face that, presumably, also occur in humans. The lower face is represented on the posterior ventrolateral surface of the frontal lobes in the primary motor and premotor cortices and the upper face is represented on the medial surface of the posterior frontal lobes in the supplementary motor and anterior cingulate cortices. Our laboratory has been engaged in a series of studies exploring the perception and production of facial blends. Using high-speed videography, we began measuring the temporal aspects of facial expressions to develop a more complete understanding of the neurophysiology underlying facial expressions and facial blends. The goal of the research presented here was to determine if spontaneous facial expressions in adults are predominantly monolithic or exhibit independent motor control of the upper and lower face. We found that spontaneous facial expressions are very complex and that the motor control of the upper and lower face is overwhelmingly independent, thus robustly supporting the Component Theory of facial expressions. Seemingly monolithic expressions, be they full facial or facial blends, are most likely the result of a timing coincident rather than a synchronous coordination between the ventrolateral and medial cortical motor areas responsible for controlling the lower and upper face, respectively. In addition, we found evidence that the right and left face may also exhibit independent motor control, thus supporting the concept that spontaneous facial expressions are organized predominantly across the horizontal facial

关键词： Absorption   Apparent metabolisable energy   Digestion   Emulsification   Supplemental fats   Poultry   APPARENT METABOLIZABLE ENERGY   ACID-BINDING-PROTEIN   FACTORS AFFECTING ABSORBABILITY   BROILER-CHICKENS   NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY   BILE-ACIDS   CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION   MICROBIAL PHYTASE   PANCREATIC LIPASE   SOYBEAN OIL  

摘要： Fats and oils possess the highest caloric density of all known nutrients. In recent years, because of the ever-increasing energy costs, there is greater interest in maximising the use supplemental fats as nutritionists strive to increase the dietary energy density to meet the requirements of high-performing contemporary birds. To maximise their energy yielding potential, there is a need to better understand the physiological basis and factors affecting fat digestion. Compared to other macronutrients, the digestion and absorption of fats is a complex process and involve sequence of physicochemical events requiring breakdown to fat droplets, emulsification, lipolysis and micelle formation. Current knowledge of the principles of fat digestion and absorption in poultry is reviewed, along with factors influencing available energy content of supplemental fats. The supplemental fats are one of the most difficult ingredients to evaluate in terms of available energy. Important variables influencing the energy content of fats include age of the birds, degree of fat saturation, chain length, free fatty acids and fat inclusion level. Potential strategies to improve fat utilisation in poultry diets are also examined. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.