关键词： 神经生理学   弗里堡   沃尔弗   多巴胺   舒尔茨   灯泡   影响力  

摘要： 瑞士弗里堡大学的神经生理学教授沃尔弗拉姆·舒尔茨是多巴胺实验研究中最有影响力的先驱者之一。他把微电极植入猴大脑中多巴胺细胞聚集的地方,然后将猴子放人一个装置,其中有两个灯泡和两个盒子。每隔一段时间,就有一个灯泡会亮起,其中一个灯亮表示右边盒子里有食物丸,另一个灯亮表明左边的盒子里有食物丸。

关键词： 人工智能   脑机接口   神经生理学   意念控制   脑电图  

摘要： 曾经,意念控制被认为是痴人说梦;如今,它早已变得轻轻松松,甚至连老鼠和猪都能用意念玩转游戏。曾经,“猜心术”被认为是骗人把戏;如今,它早已变成现实,只需扫描你的脑电图,便可一眼看穿你的情绪和部分心思。曾经,人是人,机是机,人机彼此相分离;如今,人即是机,机即是人,小小脑机接口就让你与机器密不可分。其实,这些都还不是最玄幻的事情,因为本文将以严谨的态度,基于神经生物学、脑科学、微电子学和虚拟现实等领域的成就,展示一幅更玄幻的内涵型人工智能愿景。形象地说,也许在将来的某天,你可轻松成为全球第二的钢琴演奏家和画家等,更准确地说,你能在瞬间学会偶像的任何技能,最多只比他稍逊风骚。也许在将来的某天,任何人都能轻松掌握全球的既有知识,轻松与他人进行不动声色的意念通信。如此愿景到底能否实现,到底能在多大程度上实现,以及何时能实现等,其实都主要取决于脑机接口的进展,即,人类能否更精准而全面地检测、提取、产生、复制和输入相关神经元的电脉冲,激活或重组某些神经回路。

关键词： 神经生理学   英文  

ISBN: (纸本)9787539081595

摘要： 本书内容包括：Introduction、TheStructureandFunctionoftheNervousSystem、SynapticTransmission、NeurotransmitterandReceptor等内容。

关键词： 神经病学   神经解剖学   神经外科学   教研室主任   神经生理学   上海医学院   医学院院长   神经学  

摘要： 由耶鲁大学神经学、神经生理学及神经外科学教授哈尔·布鲁门菲尔德(Hal Blumenfeld)编著,空军军医大学人体解剖与组织胚胎学教研室暨梁球璃脑研究中心主任李云庆教授,西北大学医学院院长、西北大学神经病学系主任、西北大学脑科学研究中心主任赵钢教授,复旦大学附属中山医院党委书记、复旦大学上海医学院神经病学系主任注昕教授.以及大连医科大学人体解部学教研室主任降鸿锦教授共同主译的《临床神经解学:病例解析》已于2021年3月由天津科技翻译出版有限公司出版。

关键词： 神经生理学   神经冲动   感觉刺激   肌肉收缩   脊髓神经元   运动皮层   感觉皮层   大脑  

摘要： 当我还是一名年轻的讲师时,我会在为医学生开设的课程上忠实地按照教科书讲授神经生理学,并热情地解释大脑如何感知世界和控制身体。大脑会将来自眼睛、耳朵等器官的感觉刺激转换为电信号,然后将这些电信号传输到相应的感觉皮层进行处理,并产生感知。此外,要想做一个动作,来自运动皮层的神经冲动会向下传到脊髓,指示脊髓神经元产生肌肉收缩。

关键词： 科学研究成果   教育生物学   神经生理学   脑神经科学   生长发育阶段   神经心理学   大脑活动   神经生物学  

摘要： 教育生物学(bio-education),是从生物学、神经生理学、神经心理学、脑神经科学的角度研究人类教育现象及其一般规律的学科,为生物科学与教育科学相融合形成的一门交叉学科。其研究对象是人,着重研究处于接受教育和生长发育阶段的儿童和青少年个体及群体。借助生物医学手段,如神经心理测试、神经生物学的动物实验、神经生理学的检查,以及神经影像学的研究,包括脑计算机断层扫描术(CT)、脑电图(EEG)、脑磁共振(MRI)、功能性磁共振(fMRI)、正电子扫描(PET)等,研究人体和人脑的本体结构及其发生发展以及人体和人脑的功能,包括学习、记忆、注意、认知、情感、创造、社会性等大脑活动的奥秘,并将科学研究成果广泛地应用于人类的教育实践。

关键词： 克罗恩病   心理生理学   抑郁障碍   焦虑   因素分析  

摘要： 为探讨克罗恩病(Crohn disease,CD)患者心理症状及影响生存质量(quality of life,QOL)的因素,调查CD组及健康对照组人群各50例,分别采用ZUNG焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)、ZUNG抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)、炎症性肠病专用量表(inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire,IBDQ)、健康调查简表(short from-36 health survey,SF-36)进行测评。结果显示,焦虑、抑郁发生率CD组SAS[(40.3±8.5)分]、SDS[(47.1±11.1)分]与健康对照组[SAS(37.6±7.0)分,SDS(41.8±9.6)分]比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=5.4,P<0.05;t=10.6,P<0.05)。IBDQ各维度得分,CD活动期患者为肠道症状(49.50±7.62)分,全身症状(23.92±5.07)分,情感功能(57.13±15.62)分,社会功能(22.15±9.08)分;CD缓解期患者为肠道症状(60.12±4.01)分,全身症状(26.24±3.97)分,情感功能(67.34±15.17)分,社会功能(25.44±2.03)分,2组各维度得分比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。SF-36量表各维度如躯体功能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、情感角色、总的心理健康和总的躯体健康等方面得分,CD组均明显低于健康对照组,2组差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);CD缓解期患者在躯体功能、一般健康状况和总的心理健康维度的得分均高于CD活动期患者(P<0.05);出现营养不良的患者在总的躯体健康和活力维度的得分显著低于无营养不良组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对患者生存质量进行多因素分析显示,疾病分期、营养风险对IBDQ总分有明显影响(P<0.05),其他因素如性别、年龄、婚姻状况、受教育背景、医疗费用、生物制剂治疗、手术治疗对IBDQ评分无明显影响(P>0.05)。综上,对CD患者进行心理疏导,活动期积极治疗,有望改善CD患者生存质量。

摘要： Objective: To analyze the use of repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) in the Geisinger Neurophysiology ***: RNS is a special type of electrodiagnostic study used to evaluate for neuromuscular junction disorders. The test can be time consuming, technically challenging, and poorly tolerated by patients. Therefore, proper patient selection is critical. Acetylcholine receptor binding antibodies (AChR Ab) are the most specific test for myasthenia gravis (MG).Design/Methods: We reviewed RNS studies ordered and/or performed from January 2015 to December 2018 across the Geisinger Health System. We obtained indications for RNS, setting (outpatient or inpatient), nerves tested, study results, and testing of AChR ***: Ninety-one studies were reviewed. The most common indication was suspicion of MG (75%), either clearly stated in the RNS request (34%) or based on symptoms suggestive of the disease: Eyelid ptosis and/or diplopia (12%), bulbar weakness (7%), and weakness in other regions (22%). Most studies were ordered in the outpatient setting (87%). Nerves tested included: Ulnar (53%), median (31%), spinal accessory (25%), facial (18%), and fibular (23%). A single nerve was tested in 50 studies (55%) and multiple nerves in 39 studies (43%). RNS was interpreted as normal in 82 cases (90%), abnormal in 6 (7%) and equivocal in 1 (1%). In 2 cases, RNS was requested but not performed (2%). AChR Ab were ordered together with RNS in 35 cases (38%). Of those, 32 were negative (35%) and 3 were positive (3%). Five cases (6%) had previously positive AChR Ab when RNS was ordered. Thirty-one cases (34%) had negative AChR Ab before RNS was ***: The selection of nerves for RNS varied widely in our laboratory. The yield of RNS was relatively low. The biggest opportunity for improvement is the creation of a system-based stepwise approach for the evaluation of MG, which includes testing AChR Ab before RNS

摘要： Objective: The aim of this study is to characterize the disease progression through bioimpedence analysis, hand grip and neurophysiological techniques in patients affected by hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (ATTR-PN).Background: ATTR-PN is caused by mutations in the TTR gene, leading to misfolded monomers which aggregate generating amyloid fibrils. The clinical phenotype is characterized by a multisystemic disease affecting the sensorimotor, autonomic functions along with other organs. Hence, the disease progression might be assessed through neurophysiology which evaluates the progression of polyneuropathy, hand grip exploring the residual strength and bioimpedence analysis (BIA) which measures the constitution of tissues in specific parts of the ***/Methods: All patients were assessed with a standardized questionnaire on well-recognized symptoms of ATTR-PN, neurophysiological evaluation (ENG/EMG), hand grip and BIA. The data are presented as means and standard deviations. Pearson’s correlation has been carried out when appropriate. A linear regression model has been created to identify associated variables to disease’s ***: 16 patients with ATTR-PN (62.8±8.9 years; 165.0±12.5 cm; 74.9±14.9 kg) of which 7 women have been recruited. The data indicate that at increased pathology severity as indicated by FAP, increased presence of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome and increased overall symptoms of neuropathy. A concomitant decrease of the CMAP amplitude of the median nerve was also observed along with hand grip strength. Also, when severity of disease was associated to BIA, we observed increased presence of weight loss with increased severity, which was in turn associated to a reduction only in lean muscle mass. Increased FAP was also strongly associated to a reduction of the phase ***: The progression of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, polyneuropathy, lumbar stenosis and weight loss is related to the FAP gra

摘要： P18-8.005