关键词： 抑郁症   精神病理学   神经递质   神经生化   神经电生理学  

摘要： 抑郁症的发病机制复杂,神经生化学理论是迄今最为“肯定”、并被临床药理“充分利用”的,用以阐述抑郁症发病的神经生物学机制,抑郁症的发生不但与去甲肾上腺素(NE)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)水平相关;也可能与多巴胺(DA)、乙酰胆碱(Ach)、神经肽、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)能系统等多种神经递质及受体的功能紊乱有关,还与内分泌系统和神经营养因子系统等方面的异常有关。同时,抑郁症的发生还可能与神经认知功能的缺损及神经电生理学的改变有关。

关键词： 神经营养因子   视神经   视觉诱发电位   再生  

摘要： 目的探讨视神经损伤后的自然修复再生和脑源性神经营养因子及睫状神经营养因子互补辅助再生的图形视觉诱发电位变化特征,寻找视神经有效再生的新途径。方法用猫作为实验对象,术前动物随机分为四组:正常对照组、球后视神经半径截断组、视神经半径截断并定时玻璃体内注射生理盐水对照组和视神经半径截断并定时玻璃体内注射脑源性神经营养因子和睫状神经营养因子复合因子辅助再生组。经眶外侧入路手术开眶行视神经半径截断术。术后四组动物共同在正常视环境中饲养1、4和8个月,复合因子辅助再生组在术后即日注射脑源性神经营养因子和睫状神经营养因子复合液(10 ng),并在以后2次/周注射等量脑源性神经营养因子和睫状神经营养因子复合液。在视神经损伤后1、4和8个月,3次行视神经半径动态检测。结果在视神经半径截断损伤后1个月时,与正常对照组相比,视神经半径损伤各组的图形视觉诱发电位N1-P1振幅显著降低(P<0.001),P1潜时延迟(P<0.001);视神经半径截断组和生理盐水对照组与复合营养因子辅助再生组比较,图形视觉诱发电位的N1-P1振幅也出现了降低和P1潜时的延迟(P均<0.01)。在视神经半径损伤后第4个月时,视神经半径截断组和视神经半径切断并定时玻璃体内注射生理盐水对照组与正常对照组比较,其图形视觉诱发电位的P1潜时显著延迟(P均<0.001)和N1-P1幅度显著降低(P均<0.001)。而复合因子辅助再生组与正常对照组比较图形视觉诱发电位的P1潜时具有显著性(P<0.05),但与视神经损伤后1个月时同组动物的图形视觉诱发电位测试结果比较出现了恢复型曲线图谱并差异有显著性(P<0.01)。在视神经损伤8个月后,视神经截断组和生理盐水对照组图形视觉诱发电位的P1潜时还是显著延迟和N1-P1幅度显著降低,未见明显的恢复型曲线图出现。复合因子辅助再生组图形视觉诱发电位的P1潜时和N1-P1幅度与视神经损伤后4个月时图形视觉诱发电位测试的结果比较差异具有显著性(P<0.01),与视神经半径截断组和生理盐水对照组比较差异具有显著性(P均<0.01),与正常对照组比较其图形视觉诱发电位的P1潜时未见延迟(P>0.05),但N1-P1幅度还低于正常对照组(P<0.05)。结论动态观察图形视觉诱发电位变化结果说明,1/2损伤的视神经在复合神经营养因子的互补作用下可促进其修复再生和恢复视觉信息的传导功能。

关键词： 神经电生理   学术   临床   电生理仪   接地   被检者   受检者   仪器  

关键词： 华东地区   华东区   脑电图   电诊断图   神经电生理   会议  

摘要： 由华东地区脑电图与神经电生理协作组主办,南京医学会及南京脑科医院承办的“第八届华东地区脑电图与临床神经电生理学术会议”拟于2006年4月在江苏省无锡市召开。会议期间将邀请国内著名专家作专题讲座。现开始征文。

关键词： FAMILIAL HEMIPLEGIC MIGRAINE   TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION   VISUAL-EVOKED POTENTIALS   SINGLE-FIBER EMG   NEUROMUSCULAR-TRANSMISSION   INTENSITY DEPENDENCE   PSEUDOMIGRAINE   PLEOCYTOSIS   SYMPTOMS   DOPPLER  

摘要： Discusses the case of a patient with the syndrome of transient headache with neurological deficits and cerebrospinal lymphocytosis. Signs and symptoms; Recording of visual and auditory evoked potentials; Results of single-fiber electromyography; Pathophysiology of the condition.

关键词： neuro-inflammation   cytokine   glutamate receptor   immunohistochemistry   Ca2+ signaling   CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM   NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA   TRANSGENIC MICE   CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID   MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS   LEVELS CORRELATE   MESSENGER-RNA   RAT-BRAIN   EXPRESSION   IL-6  

摘要： The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is produced by cells of the central nervous system (CNS) during a variety of neuroinflammatory states, in which it is thought to play a role in neuroprotection and/or neuropathology associated with neurological disease. In addition, CNS expression of IL-6 during non-pathological conditions may also occur, although the conditions for such IL-6 production remain elusive. Expression of IL-6 and its receptor and signal transducing elements by neurons and glia within the cerebellum implicate a role of IL-6 in modulating cerebellar function under normal conditions and in contributing to pathology and pathophysiology within the cerebellum during CNS disease states. Evidence for such a role of IL-6 comes from studies using transgenic mice that chronically express IL-6 within the CNS. These mice exhibit profound cerebellar pathology and significant alterations of Purkinje neuron electrical and synaptic activity. Additional evidence comes from in vitro studies using primary cultures of cerebellar cortex that have been chronically exposed to exogenously applied IL-6. Consistent with the IL-6 transgenic mice, chronic IL-6 treated Purkinje neurons in culture exhibit alterations of endogenous electrophysiological properties as well as changes in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling. Despite these changes in Purkinje neuron physiology, chronic IL-6 does not affect the survival or morphology of Purkinje neurons in culture. Thus, by itself, IL-6 is able to modulate key components of cerebellar circuitry during periods of chronic expression, such as during neuroinflammation, and may be an important player in the movement disorders associated with a number of CNS disease states.

关键词： 多发性神经病   医疗评价   诊断评估   电诊断医学   神经生理学   同行评审   电生理   病理生理   诊断标准   相关学科  

摘要： Objective: Since 1992, 7 European neurophysiologists have participated in the ESTEEM project concerned with improvements in electrodiagnostic medicine. This s tudy assesses whether the collaboration that includes peer review medicalaudit h as influenced the involved physicians’electrodiagnostic criteria for polyneurop athy (PNP) diagnosing and classification.Methods: Two sets of each physician’s PNP examinations performed early and late in the study were examined for changes in(1) number of studies with abnormal electrophysiological findings required fo r diagnosing PNP, and (2) agreement between the classifications given by the ind ividual physicians and the peer review group. Results: The average number of abn ormal motor nerve segments per patient increased from 4.6 to 6.4 during the stud y. Although most individual changes were minor,the second set of examinations sh owed an increased homogeneity among the physicians in the number of abnormal motor nerve segment s and abnormal F wave studies, and a tendency towards increased homogeneity in t he number of abnormal sensory nerve segments. There was also an increased agreem enton pathophysiological PNP classification in the second set of examinations co mpared to the first set. Conclusions: The participation in the ESTEEM project se ems to have impacted the physicians’clinical routine, possibly as they have acc ustomed themselves to apply criteria more strictly. Significance: This study sup port that international collaboration is a useful step towards improvements in e lectrodiagnostic medicine.

关键词： 社会智力   智力研究   神经生理学   研究成果   测评方法   研究者   历史   量表  

摘要： 社会智力研究到今天已经有八十多年的历史了。对于“什么是社会智力”、“如何研究社会智力”不同的人有不同的看法。本文总结了不同研究者提出的社会智力的内涵,讨论了社会智力的测评方法和量表以及关于社会智力的神经生理学研究成果,并对今后社会智力研究的趋势做了探讨。