Effectiveness of biomechanically stable pergola-like additively manufactured scaffold for extraskeletal vertical bone augmentation

作者全名："Yang, Wei; Wang, Chao; Luo, Wenping; Apicella, Antonio; Ji, Ping; Wang, Gong; Liu, Bingshan; Fan, Yubo"

作者地址："[Yang, Wei; Wang, Chao; Ji, Ping] Chongqing Med Univ, Chongqing Key Lab Oral Dis & Biomed Sci, Chongqing Municipal Key Lab Oral Biomed Engn Highe, Stomatol Hosp, Chongqing, Peoples R China; [Wang, Chao; Fan, Yubo] Beihang Univ, Beijing Adv Innovat Ctr Biomed Engn, Sch Biol Sci & Med Engn, Sch Engn Med, Beijing, Peoples R China; [Luo, Wenping] Southwest Univ, Lab Anim Ctr, Chongqing, Peoples R China; [Apicella, Antonio] Univ Campania, Dept Architecture & Ind Design, Adv Mat Lab, Aversa, Italy; [Wang, Gong; Liu, Bingshan] Chinese Acad Sci, Technol & Engn Ctr Space Utilizat, Beijing, Peoples R China"

通信作者："Wang, C (通讯作者)，Chongqing Med Univ, Chongqing Key Lab Oral Dis & Biomed Sci, Chongqing Municipal Key Lab Oral Biomed Engn Highe, Stomatol Hosp, Chongqing, Peoples R China.; Wang, C (通讯作者)，Beihang Univ, Beijing Adv Innovat Ctr Biomed Engn, Sch Biol Sci & Med Engn, Sch Engn Med, Beijing, Peoples R China."

来源：FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

ESI学科分类：Multidisciplinary

WOS号：WOS:000968857900001

JCR分区：Q1

影响因子：4.3

年份：2023

卷号：11

期号：　

开始页：　

结束页：　

文献类型：Article

关键词：extraskeletal bone; vertical bone augmentation; bone tissue engineering; additively manufactured (3D-printed); stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs); bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9); adverse microenvironment; finite element analysis

摘要："Objective: Extraskeletal vertical bone augmentation in oral implant surgery requires extraosseous regeneration beyond the anatomical contour of the alveolar bone. It is necessary to find a better technical/clinical solution to solve the dilemma of vertical bone augmentation. 3D-printed scaffolds are all oriented to general bone defect repair, but special bone augmentation design still needs improvement.Methods: This study aimed to develop a structural pergola-like scaffold to be loaded with stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs), bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to verify its bone augmentation ability even under insufficient blood flow supply. Scaffold biomechanical and fluid flow optimization design by finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was performed on pergola-like additive-manufactured scaffolds with various porosity and pore size distributions. The scaffold geometrical configuration showing better biomechanical and fluid dynamics properties was chosen to co-culture for 2 months in subcutaneously into nude mice, with different SCAPs, BMP9, and (or) VEGF combinations. Finally, the samples were removed for Micro-CT and histological analysis.Results: Micro-CT and histological analysis of the explanted scaffolds showed new bone formation in the ""Scaffold + SCAPs + BMP9"" and the ""Scaffold + SCAPs + BMP9 + VEGF"" groups where the VEGF addition did not significantly improve osteogenesis. No new bone formation was observed either for the ""Blank Scaffold"" and the ""Scaffold + SCAPs + GFP"" group. The results of this study indicate that BMP9 can effectively promote the osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs.Conclusion: The pergola-like scaffold can be used as an effective carrier and support device for new bone regeneration and mineralization in bone tissue engineering, and can play a crucial role in obtaining considerable vertical bone augmentation even under poor blood supply."

基金机构："National Natural Science Foundation of China [12072055, 11872135, 12172034, U20A20390, 32070539]; Natural Science Foundation of Beijing [L212063]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; 111 Project [B13003]"

基金资助正文："This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12072055, 11872135, 12172034, U20A20390, and 32070539), Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (Grant No. L212063), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the 111 Project (No. B13003)."