Second international consensus report on gaps and opportunities for the clinical translation of precision diabetes medicine

作者全名："Tobias, Deirdre K.; Merino, Jordi; Ahmad, Abrar; Aiken, Catherine; Benham, Jamie L.; Bodhini, Dhanasekaran; Clark, Amy L.; Colclough, Kevin; Corcoy, Rosa; Cromer, Sara J.; Duan, Daisy; Felton, Jamie L.; Francis, Ellen C.; Gillard, Pieter; Gingras, Veronique; Gaillard, Romy; Haider, Eram; Hughes, Alice; Ikle, Jennifer M.; Jacobsen, Laura M.; Kahkoska, Anna R.; Kettunen, Jarno L. T.; Kreienkamp, Raymond J.; Lim, Lee-Ling; Mannisto, Jonna M. E.; Massey, Robert; Mclennan, Niamh-Maire; Miller, Rachel G.; Morieri, Mario Luca; Most, Jasper; Naylor, Rochelle N.; Ozkan, Bige; Patel, Kashyap Amratlal; Pilla, Scott J.; Prystupa, Katsiaryna; Raghavan, Sridharan; Rooney, Mary R.; Schon, Martin; Semnani-Azad, Zhila; Sevilla-Gonzalez, Magdalena; Svalastoga, Pernille; Takele, Wubet Worku; Tam, Claudia Ha-ting; Thuesen, Anne Cathrine B.; Tosur, Mustafa; Wallace, Amelia S.; Wang, Caroline C.; Wong, Jessie J.; Yamamoto, Jennifer M.; Young, Katherine; Amouyal, Chloe; Andersen, Mette K.; Bonham, Maxine P.; Chen, Mingling; Cheng, Feifei; Chikowore, Tinashe; Chivers, Sian C.; Clemmensen, Christoffer; Dabelea, Dana; Dawed, Adem Y.; Deutsch, Aaron J.; Dickens, Laura T.; DiMeglio, Linda A.; Dudenhoffer-Pfeifer, Monika; Evans-Molina, Carmella; Fernandez-Balsells, Maria Merce; Fitipaldi, Hugo; Fitzpatrick, Stephanie L.; Gitelman, Stephen E.; Goodarzi, Mark O.; Grieger, Jessica A.; Guasch-Ferre, Marta; Habibi, Nahal; Hansen, Torben; Huang, Chuiguo; Harris-Kawano, Arianna; Ismail, Heba M.; Hoag, Benjamin; Johnson, Randi K.; Jones, Angus G.; Koivula, Robert W.; Leong, Aaron; Leung, Gloria K. W.; Libman, Ingrid M.; Liu, Kai; Long, S. Alice; Lowe, William L., Jr.; Morton, Robert W.; Motala, Ayesha A.; Onengut-Gumuscu, Suna; Pankow, James S.; Pathirana, Maleesa; Pazmino, Sofia; Perez, Dianna; Petrie, John R.; Powe, Camille E.; Quinteros, Alejandra; Jain, Rashmi; Ray, Debashree; Ried-Larsen, Mathias; Saeed, Zeb; Santhakumar, Vanessa; Kanbour, Sarah; Sarkar, Sudipa; Monaco, Gabriela S. F.; Scholtens, Denise M.; Selvin, Elizabeth; Sheu, Wayne Huey-Herng; Speake, Cate; Stanislawski, Maggie A.; Steenackers, Nele; Steck, Andrea K.; Stefan, Norbert; Stoy, Julie; Taylor, Rachael; Tye, Sok Cin; Ukke, Gebresilasea Gendisha; Urazbayeva, Marzhan; Van der Schueren, Bart; Vatier, Camille; Wentworth, John M.; Hannah, Wesley; White, Sara L.; Yu, Gechang; Zhang, Yingchai; Zhou, Shao J.; Beltrand, Jacques; Polak, Michel; Aukrust, Ingvild; de Franco, Elisa; Flanagan, Sarah E.; Maloney, Kristin A.; McGovern, Andrew; Molnes, Janne; Nakabuye, Mariam; Njolstad, Pal Rasmus; Pomares-Millan, Hugo; Provenzano, Michele; Saint-Martin, Cecile; Zhang, Cuilin; Zhu, Yeyi; Auh, Sungyoung; de Souza, Russell; Fawcett, Andrea J.; Gruber, Chandra; Mekonnen, Eskedar Getie; Mixter, Emily; Sherifali, Diana; Eckel, Robert H.; Nolan, John J.; Philipson, Louis H.; Brown, Rebecca J.; Billings, Liana K.; Boyle, Kristen; Costacou, Tina; Dennis, John M.; Florez, Jose C.; Gloyn, Anna L.; Gomez, Maria F.; Gottlieb, Peter A.; Greeley, Siri Atma W.; Griffin, Kurt; Hattersley, Andrew T.; Hirsch, Irl B.; Hivert, Marie-France; Hood, Korey K.; Josefson, Jami L.; Kwak, Soo Heon; Laffel, Lori M.; Lim, Siew S.; Loos, Ruth J. F.; Ma, Ronald C. W.; Mathieu, Chantal; Mathioudakis, Nestoras; Meigs, James B.; Misra, Shivani; Mohan, Viswanathan; Murphy, Rinki; Oram, Richard; Owen, Katharine R.; Ozanne, Susan E.; Pearson, Ewan R.; Perng, Wei; Pollin, Toni I.; Pop-Busui, Rodica; Pratley, Richard E.; Redman, Leanne M.; Redondo, Maria J.; Reynolds, Rebecca M.; Semple, Robert K.; Sherr, Jennifer L.; Sims, Emily K.; Sweeting, Arianne; Tuomi, Tiinamaija; Udler, Miriam S.; Vesco, Kimberly K.; Vilsboll, Tina; Wagner, Robert; Rich, Stephen S.; Franks, Paul W."

作者地址："[Tobias, Deirdre K.; Santhakumar, Vanessa] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Preventat Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA; [Tobias, Deirdre K.; Powe, Camille E.; Santhakumar, Vanessa] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA; [Tobias, Deirdre K.; Semnani-Azad, Zhila; Guasch-Ferre, Marta; Franks, Paul W.] Harvard T H Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA; [Merino, Jordi; Thuesen, Anne Cathrine B.; Andersen, Mette K.; Clemmensen, Christoffer; Hansen, Torben; Nakabuye, Mariam; Loos, Ruth J. F.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Novo Nordisk Fdn Ctr Basic Metab Res, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Merino, Jordi; Cromer, Sara J.; Kreienkamp, Raymond J.; Deutsch, Aaron J.; Leong, Aaron; Powe, Camille E.; Florez, Jose C.; Hivert, Marie-France; Udler, Miriam S.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Endocrine Div, Diabetes Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA; [Merino, Jordi; Kreienkamp, Raymond J.; Deutsch, Aaron J.; Florez, Jose C.; Udler, Miriam S.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Genom Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA; [Ahmad, Abrar; Dudenhoffer-Pfeifer, Monika; Fitipaldi, Hugo; Pomares-Millan, Hugo; Gomez, Maria F.; Franks, Paul W.] Lund Univ, Lund Univ Diabet Ctr, Dept Clin Sci, Malmo, Sweden; [Aiken, Catherine] Rosie Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Cambridge, England; [Aiken, Catherine] Univ Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Biomed Res Ctr, Cambridge, England; [Benham, Jamie L.] Univ Calgary, Cumming Sch Med, Dept Med, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Benham, Jamie L.] Univ Calgary, Cumming Sch Med, Dept Med & Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Bodhini, Dhanasekaran] Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Dept Mol Genet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; [Clark, Amy L.] St Louis Univ, Sch Med, SSM Hlth Cardinal Glennon Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat,Div Pediat Endocrinol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA; [Colclough, Kevin; Hughes, Alice; Patel, Kashyap Amratlal; Young, Katherine; Jones, Angus G.; de Franco, Elisa; Flanagan, Sarah E.; McGovern, Andrew; Dennis, John M.; Hattersley, Andrew T.; Oram, Richard] Univ Exeter, Med Sch, Dept Clin & Biomed Sci, Exeter, Devon, England; [Corcoy, Rosa] ISCIII, CIBER, BBN, Madrid, Spain; [Corcoy, Rosa] Inst Invest Biomed St Pau IIB SANT PAU, Barcelona, Spain; [Corcoy, Rosa] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Med, Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; [Cromer, Sara J.; Kreienkamp, Raymond J.; Sevilla-Gonzalez, Magdalena; Deutsch, Aaron J.; Powe, Camille E.; Florez, Jose C.; Udler, Miriam S.] Broad Inst, Programs Metab & Med & Populat Genet, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA; [Cromer, Sara J.; Sevilla-Gonzalez, Magdalena; Chikowore, Tinashe; Deutsch, Aaron J.; Leong, Aaron; Powe, Camille E.; Florez, Jose C.; Meigs, James B.; Udler, Miriam S.] Harvard Med Sch, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA; [Duan, Daisy] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA; [Felton, Jamie L.; DiMeglio, Linda A.; Evans-Molina, Carmella; Harris-Kawano, Arianna; Ismail, Heba M.; Perez, Dianna; Monaco, Gabriela S. F.; Sims, Emily K.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Indiana, PA 46202 USA; [Felton, Jamie L.; DiMeglio, Linda A.; Evans-Molina, Carmella; Harris-Kawano, Arianna; Ismail, Heba M.; Perez, Dianna; Monaco, Gabriela S. F.; Sims, Emily K.] Univ Sch Med, Herman B Wells Ctr Pediat Res, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA; [Felton, Jamie L.; DiMeglio, Linda A.; Evans-Molina, Carmella; Harris-Kawano, Arianna; Ismail, Heba M.; Perez, Dianna; Monaco, Gabriela S. F.; Sims, Emily K.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Ctr Diabet & Metab Dis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA; [Francis, Ellen C.] Rutgers Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostatist & Epidemiol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA; [Gillard, Pieter; Mathieu, Chantal] Univ Hosp Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; [Gingras, Veronique] Univ Montreal, Dept Nutr, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Gingras, Veronique] Sainte Justine Univ Hosp Ctr, Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Gaillard, Romy] Erasmus MC, Dept Pediat, Rotterdam, Netherlands; [Haider, Eram; Massey, Robert; Dawed, Adem Y.; Pearson, Ewan R.] Univ Dundee, Sch Med, Div Populat Hlth & Gen, Dundee, Scotland; [Ikle, Jennifer M.; Gloyn, Anna L.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Ikle, Jennifer M.; Gloyn, Anna L.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Sch Med, Stanford Diabet Res Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Jacobsen, Laura M.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA; [Kahkoska, Anna R.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA; [Kettunen, Jarno L. T.; Tuomi, Tiinamaija] Helsinki Univ Hosp, Abdominal Ctr Endocrinol, Helsinki, Finland; [Kettunen, Jarno L. T.; Tuomi, Tiinamaija] Folkhalsan Res Ctr, Helsinki, Finland; [Kettunen, Jarno L. T.; Tuomi, Tiinamaija] Univ Helsinki, Inst Mol Med Finland FIMM, Helsinki, Finland; [Kreienkamp, Raymond J.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Endocrinol, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA; [Lim, Lee-Ling] Univ Malaya, Fac Med, Dept Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; [Lim, Lee-Ling] Asia Diabet Fdn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; [Lim, Lee-Ling; Tam, Claudia Ha-ting; Huang, Chuiguo; Yu, Gechang; Zhang, Yingchai; Ma, Ronald C. W.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Med & Therapeut, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; [Mannisto, Jonna M. E.] Kuopio Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Kuopio, Finland; [Mannisto, Jonna M. E.] Kuopio Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, Kuopio, Finland; [Mannisto, Jonna M. E.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Med, Kuopio, Finland; [Mclennan, Niamh-Maire; Reynolds, Rebecca M.; Semple, Robert K.] Univ Edinburgh, Queens Med Res Inst, Ctr Cardiovasc Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; [Miller, Rachel G.; Costacou, Tina] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA; [Morieri, Mario Luca] Univ Hosp Padova, Metabol Dis Unit, Padua, Italy; [Morieri, Mario Luca] Univ Padua, Dept Med, Padua, Italy; [Most, Jasper] Zuyderland Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Sittard Geleen, Netherlands; [Naylor, Rochelle N.] Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60607 USA; [Naylor, Rochelle N.] Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60607 USA; [Ozkan, Bige; Rooney, Mary R.; Wallace, Amelia S.; Selvin, Elizabeth] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA; [Ozkan, Bige] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Ciccarone Ctr Prevent Cardiovasc Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA; [Pilla, Scott J.; Kanbour, Sarah; Sarkar, Sudipa; Mathioudakis, Nestoras] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA; [Pilla, Scott J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA; [Prystupa, Katsiaryna; Schon, Martin; Wagner, Robert] Heinrich Heine Univ Dusseldorf, Leibniz Ctr Diabet Res, German Diabet Ctr, Inst Clin Diabetol, Dusseldorf, Germany; [Prystupa, Katsiaryna; Schon, Martin; Stefan, Norbert; Wagner, Robert] German Ctr Diabet Res DZD, Neuherberg, Germany; [Raghavan, Sridharan] US Dept Vet Affairs Eastern Colorado Hlth Care Sy, Sect Acad Primary Care, Aurora, CO 80012 USA; [Raghavan, Sridharan] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Med, Aurora, CO 80309 USA; [Rooney, Mary R.; Wallace, Amelia S.; Wang, Caroline C.; Ray, Debashree; Selvin, Elizabeth] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA; [Schon, Martin; Stefan, Norbert] Helmholtz Ctr Munich, Inst Diabet Res & Metab Dis IDM, Neuherberg, Germany; [Schon, Martin] Slovak Acad Sci, Biomed Res Ctr, Inst Expt Endocrinol, Bratislava, Slovakia; [Sevilla-Gonzalez, Magdalena] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Clin & Translat Epidemiol Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA; [Svalastoga, Pernille; Aukrust, Ingvild; Molnes, Janne; Njolstad, Pal Rasmus] Univ Bergen, Dept Clin Sci, Mohn Ctr Diabet Precis Med, Bergen, Norway; [Svalastoga, Pernille; Njolstad, Pal Rasmus] Haukeland Hosp, Children & Youth Clin, Bergen, Norway; [Takele, Wubet Worku; Ukke, Gebresilasea Gendisha; Lim, Siew S.] Monash Univ, Eastern Hlth Clin Sch, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; [Tam, Claudia Ha-ting; Huang, Chuiguo; Yu, Gechang; Zhang, Yingchai; Ma, Ronald C. W.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Inst Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Epidemiol Diabet, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; [Tam, Claudia Ha-ting; Ma, Ronald C. W.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong Inst Diabet & Obes, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; [Tosur, Mustafa; Redondo, Maria J.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA; [Tosur, Mustafa; Urazbayeva, Marzhan; Redondo, Maria J.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Diabet & Endocrinol, Houston, TX 77030 USA; [Tosur, Mustafa] USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA; [Wong, Jessie J.; Hood, Korey K.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA USA; [Yamamoto, Jennifer M.] Univ Manitoba, Internal Med, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [Amouyal, Chloe] APHP, Dept Diabetol, Paris, France; [Amouyal, Chloe] Sorbonne Univ, NutriOmic team, Paris, France; [Bonham, Maxine P.; Leung, Gloria K. W.] Monash Univ, Dept Nutr Dietet & Food, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; [Chen, Mingling] Monash Univ, Monash Ctr Hlth Res & Implementat, Clayton, Vic, Australia; [Cheng, Feifei] Chongqing Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, Hlth Management Ctr, Chongqing, Peoples R China; [Chikowore, Tinashe] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, MRC Wits Dev Pathways Hlth Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa; [Chikowore, Tinashe] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Div Network Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA; [Chikowore, Tinashe] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Sydney Brenner Inst Mol Biosci, Johannesburg, South Africa; [Chivers, Sian C.; White, Sara L.] Kings Coll London, Dept Women & Childrens Hlth, London, England; [Dabelea, Dana; Boyle, Kristen; Perng, Wei] Univ Colorado Anschutz Med Campus, Lifecourse Epidemiol Adipos & Diabet LEAD Ctr, Aurora, CO 80045 USA; [Dickens, Laura T.] Univ Chicago, Kovler Diabet Ctr, Sect Adult & Pediat Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; [DiMeglio, Linda A.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Riley Hosp Children, Dept Pediat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA; [Evans-Molina, Carmella] Richard L Roudebush VAMC, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA; [Fernandez-Balsells, Maria Merce] IdIBGi, Biomed Res Inst Girona, Girona, Spain; [Fernandez-Balsells, Maria Merce] Univ Hosp Dr Josep Trueta, Diabetes Endocrinol & Nutr Unit Girona, Girona, Spain; [Fitzpatrick, Stephanie L.] Northwell Hlth, Feinstein Inst Med Res, Inst Hlth Syst Sci, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA; [Gitelman, Stephen E.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, Diabet Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA; [Goodarzi, Mark O.] Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA; [Goodarzi, Mark O.] Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA; [Grieger, Jessica A.; Habibi, Nahal; Liu, Kai; Pathirana, Maleesa; Quinteros, Alejandra] Univ Adelaide, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Adelaide Med Sch, Adelaide, SA, Australia; [Grieger, Jessica A.; Habibi, Nahal; Pathirana, Maleesa; Zhou, Shao J.] Univ Adelaide, Robinson Res Inst, Adelaide, SA, Australia; [Guasch-Ferre, Marta] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Publ Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Guasch-Ferre, Marta] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Novo Nordisk Fdn Ctr Basic Metab Res, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Hoag, Benjamin] Sanford Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Div Endocrinol & Diabet, Sioux Falls, SD 57105 USA; [Hoag, Benjamin] Univ S Dakota, Sch Med, E Clark St, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA; [Johnson, Randi K.; Stanislawski, Maggie A.] Univ Colorado Anschutz Med Campus, Dept Biomed Informat, Aurora, CO 80045 USA; [Johnson, Randi K.] Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Aurora, CO 80045 USA; [Jones, Angus G.; Hattersley, Andrew T.; Oram, Richard] Royal Devon Univ Healthcare NHS Fdn Trust, Exeter, Devon, England; [Koivula, Robert W.; Owen, Katharine R.; Franks, Paul W.] Univ Oxford, Oxford Ctr Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Oxford, England; [Leong, Aaron; Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gen Internal Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA; [Libman, Ingrid M.] UPMC, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA; [Long, S. Alice] Benaroya Res Inst, Ctr Translat Immunol, Seattle, WA 98101 USA; [Lowe, William L., Jr.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA; [Morton, Robert W.] McMaster Univ, Dept Pathol & Mol Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada; [Morton, Robert W.; de Souza, Russell; Sherifali, Diana] Populat Hlth Res Inst, Hamilton, ON, Canada; [Morton, Robert W.; Franks, Paul W.] Novo Nordisk Fdn, Dept Translat Med Med Sci, Hellerup, Denmark; [Motala, Ayesha A.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Nelson R Mandela Sch Med, Dept Diabet & Endocrinol, Durban, South Africa; [Onengut-Gumuscu, Suna; Rich, Stephen S.] Univ Virginia, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Ctr Publ Hlth Gen, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA; [Pankow, James S.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [Pazmino, Sofia; Steenackers, Nele; Van der Schueren, Bart] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chron Dis & Metab Clin & Expt Endocrinol, Leuven, Belgium; [Petrie, John R.] Univ Glasgow, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Sch Hlth & Wellbeing, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland; [Powe, Camille E.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Biol, Boston, MA 02114 USA; [Jain, Rashmi] Sanford Childrens Specialty Clin, Sioux Falls, SD 57105 USA; [Jain, Rashmi; Griffin, Kurt] Univ S Dakota, Sanford Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Sioux Falls, SD 57107 USA; [Ray, Debashree] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA; [Ried-Larsen, Mathias] Rigshospitalet, Ctr Phys Activ Res, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Ried-Larsen, Mathias] Univ Southern Denmark, Inst Sports & Clin Biomechan, Odense, Denmark; [Saeed, Zeb] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN USA; [Kanbour, Sarah] AMAN Hosp, Doha, Qatar; [Scholtens, Denise M.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Biostat, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA; [Sheu, Wayne Huey-Herng] Natl Hlth Res Inst, Inst Mol & Genom Med, Zhunan, Taiwan; [Sheu, Wayne Huey-Herng] Taichung Vet Gen Hosp, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Taichung, Taiwan; [Sheu, Wayne Huey-Herng] Taipei Vet Gen Hosp, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Taipei, Taiwan; [Speake, Cate] Benaroya Res Inst, Ctr Intervent Immunol, Seattle, WA 98101 USA; [Steck, Andrea K.; Gottlieb, Peter A.] Univ Colorado Anschutz Med Campus, Barbara Davis Ctr Diabet, Aurora, CO 80045 USA; [Stefan, Norbert] Univ Hosp Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany; [Stoy, Julie] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Steno Diabet Ctr Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; [Taylor, Rachael] Univ Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England; [Tye, Sok Cin] Harvard Med Sch, Joslin Diabet Ctr, Sect Genet & Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA; [Tye, Sok Cin] Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Clin Pharm & Pharmacol, Groningen, Netherlands; [Urazbayeva, Marzhan] Baylor Coll Med, Gastroenterol, Houston, TX 77030 USA; [Van der Schueren, Bart] Univ Hosp Leuven, Dept Endocrinol, Leuven, Belgium; [Vatier, Camille] Sorbonne Univ, Inst Cardiometabolism & Nutr, St Antoine Res Ctr, Inserm U938, Paris, France; [Vatier, Camille] St Antoine Univ Hosp, Natl Reference Ctr Rare Dis Insulin Secret & Insu, Assistance Publ Hop Paris, Dept Endocrinol Diabetol & Reprod Endocr, Paris, France; [Wentworth, John M.] Royal Melbourne Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Diabet, Parkville, Vic, Australia; [Wentworth, John M.] Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Parkville, Vic, Australia; [Wentworth, John M.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; [Hannah, Wesley] Deakin Univ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; [Hannah, Wesley] Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Dept Epidemiol, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; [White, Sara L.] Guys & St Thomas Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Diabet & Endocrinol, London, England; [Zhou, Shao J.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Adelaide, SA, Australia; [Beltrand, Jacques; Polak, Michel] Inst Cochin, Inserm U 10116, Paris, France; [Beltrand, Jacques; Polak, Michel] Univ Paris, Hop Necker Enfants Malades, APHP Ctr, Pediatr Endocrinol & Diabet, Paris, France; [Aukrust, Ingvild; Molnes, Janne] Haukeland Hosp, Dept Med Genet, Bergen, Norway; [Maloney, Kristin A.; Pollin, Toni I.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA; [Pomares-Millan, Hugo] Geisel Sch Med Dartmouth, Dept Epidemiol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA; [Provenzano, Michele] Alma Mater Studiorum Univ Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero Univ Bologna, IRCCS, Dialysis & Renal Transplant Unit,Nephrol, Bologna, Italy; [Saint-Martin, Cecile] Sorbonne Univ, Pitie Salpetriere Hosp, AP HP, Dept Med Genet, Paris, France; [Zhang, Cuilin] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Global Ctr Asian Womens Hlth, Singapore, Singapore; [Zhang, Cuilin] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Singapore, Singapore; [Zhu, Yeyi] Kaiser Permanente Northern Calif, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA; [Zhu, Yeyi] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA; [Auh, Sungyoung; Brown, Rebecca J.] Nat Inst Diabet & Digest & Kidney Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; [de Souza, Russell] McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth Res Methods Evidence & Impact, Hamilton, ON, Canada; [Fawcett, Andrea J.; Josefson, Jami L.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Ann & Robert H Lurie Childrens Hosp Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611 USA; [Fawcett, Andrea J.] Dept Clin & Org Dev, Chicago, IL USA; [Gruber, Chandra] Amer Diabet Assoc, Arlington, VA 22202 USA; [Mekonnen, Eskedar Getie] Univ Gondar, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Gondar, Ethiopia; [Mekonnen, Eskedar Getie] Univ Antwerp, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Global Hlth Inst, Antwerp, Belgium; [Mixter, Emily; Philipson, Louis H.] Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; [Mixter, Emily; Philipson, Louis H.] Univ Chicago, Kovler Diabet Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; [Sherifali, Diana] McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Nursing, Hamilton, ON, Canada; [Eckel, Robert H.] Univ Colorado, Div Endocrinol Metab, Aurora, CO 80045 USA; [Nolan, John J.] Trin Coll Dublin, Sch Med, Dept Clin Med, Dublin, Ireland; [Nolan, John J.] Wexford Gen Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Wexford, Ireland; [Billings, Liana K.] NorthShore Univ HealthSyst, Div Endocrinol, Skokie, IL 60076 USA; [Billings, Liana K.] Univ Chicago, Prtizker Sch Med, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; [Gloyn, Anna L.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Sch Med, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Gomez, Maria F.] Aarhus Univ, Fac Hlth, Aarhus, Denmark; [Greeley, Siri Atma W.] Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; [Greeley, Siri Atma W.] Univ Chicago, Kovler Diabet Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; [Griffin, Kurt] Sanford Res, Sioux Falls, SD 57104 USA; [Hirsch, Irl B.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Hivert, Marie-France] Harvard Med Sch, Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care Inst, Dept Populat Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA; [Hivert, Marie-France] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Med, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada; [Kwak, Soo Heon] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South Korea; [Laffel, Lori M.] Harvard Med Sch, Joslin Diabet Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA; [Loos, Ruth J. F.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Charles Bronfman Inst Personalized Med, New York, NY 10029 USA; [Meigs, James B.] Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA; [Misra, Shivani] Imperial Coll London, Div Metab Digest & Reprod, London, England; [Misra, Shivani] Imperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, Dept Diabet & Endocrinol, London, England; [Mohan, Viswanathan] Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Dept Diabetol, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; [Mohan, Viswanathan] Dr Mohans Diabet Special Ctr, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; [Murphy, Rinki] Univ Auckland, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Auckland, New Zealand; [Murphy, Rinki] Te Whatu Ora Hlth New Zealand, Auckland Diabet Ctr, Auckland, New Zealand; [Murphy, Rinki] Te Whatu Ora Counties Hlth New Zealand, Med Bariatr Serv, Auckland, New Zealand; [Owen, Katharine R.] Univ Oxford, Oxford NIHR Biomed Res Ctr, Oxford, England; [Ozanne, Susan E.] Univ Cambridge, Metab Res Labs, Cambridge, England; [Ozanne, Susan E.] Univ Cambridge, Wellcome MRC Inst Metab Sci, MRC Metab Dis Unit, Cambridge, England; [Pollin, Toni I.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA; [Pop-Busui, Rodica] Univ Michigan, Div Metab Endocrinol & Diabet, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; [Pratley, Richard E.] AdventHlth Translat Res Inst, Orlando, FL 32804 USA; [Redman, Leanne M.] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 32804 USA; [Semple, Robert K.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Genet & Canc, MRC Human Genet Unit, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; [Sherr, Jennifer L.] Yale Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA; [Sweeting, Arianne] Univ Sydney, Fac Med & Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia; [Sweeting, Arianne] Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Sydney, NSW, Australia; [Vesco, Kimberly K.] Kaiser Permanente Ctr Hlth Res, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR 97227 USA; [Vilsboll, Tina] Steno Diabet Ctr Copenhagen, Clinial Res, Herlev, Denmark; [Vilsboll, Tina] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Dept Clin Med, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Wagner, Robert] Heinrich Heine Univ Dusseldorf, Univ Hosp Dusseldorf, Dept Endocrinol & Diabetol, Dusseldorf, Germany"

通信作者："Franks, PW (通讯作者)，Harvard T H Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA.; Franks, PW (通讯作者)，Lund Univ, Lund Univ Diabet Ctr, Dept Clin Sci, Malmo, Sweden.; Franks, PW (通讯作者)，Univ Oxford, Oxford Ctr Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Oxford, England.; Franks, PW (通讯作者)，Novo Nordisk Fdn, Dept Translat Med Med Sci, Hellerup, Denmark."

来源：NATURE MEDICINE

ESI学科分类：MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICS

WOS号：WOS:001184464000004

JCR分区：Q1

影响因子：58.7

年份：2023

卷号：29

期号：10

开始页：2438

结束页：2457

文献类型：Article

关键词：　

摘要："Precision medicine is part of the logical evolution of contemporary evidence-based medicine that seeks to reduce errors and optimize outcomes when making medical decisions and health recommendations. Diabetes affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, many of whom will develop life-threatening complications and die prematurely. Precision medicine can potentially address this enormous problem by accounting for heterogeneity in the etiology, clinical presentation and pathogenesis of common forms of diabetes and risks of complications. This second international consensus report on precision diabetes medicine summarizes the findings from a systematic evidence review across the key pillars of precision medicine (prevention, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis) in four recognized forms of diabetes (monogenic, gestational, type 1, type 2). These reviews address key questions about the translation of precision medicine research into practice. Although not complete, owing to the vast literature on this topic, they revealed opportunities for the immediate or near-term clinical implementation of precision diabetes medicine; furthermore, we expose important gaps in knowledge, focusing on the need to obtain new clinically relevant evidence. Gaps include the need for common standards for clinical readiness, including consideration of cost-effectiveness, health equity, predictive accuracy, liability and accessibility. Key milestones are outlined for the broad clinical implementation of precision diabetes medicine."

基金机构："Lund University, Sweden; Lund University (Malmo, Sweden); University of Chicago (IL, USA); American Diabetes Association (Washington DC, USA); Novo Nordisk Foundation (Hellerup, Denmark); American Diabetes Association [7-21-JDFM-005, 9-22-PDFPM-04, 7-22-ICTSPM-23]; NIH [P30 DK40561, UG1 HD107691, K23DK133690, K08 DK133676-01, 5UM1DK078616-14, P30-DK063491, R03-DK127472, K01/NHLBI HL157658, U54DK118612, K24 HL157960, 5R01DK118403, U01 DK078616, R01 HL151855, R01 DK124395, 1 R01 DK121843-01, K23DK114551]; NIH/NICHD [K99108272-02, U24HD093486]; NIH/NHLBI [R25HL146166-05, T32HL007024, K24 HL152440]; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH [KL2TR002490]; NIGMS [T32GM774844]; Pediatric Endocrine Society Rising Star Award; NIDDK [R01DK125780, R01DK134955, UM-1DK126185]; Italian Ministry of Health [GR-2019-12369702]; ADA [U54DK118612, 7-22-ICTSPM-17, R01DK104942]; American Heart Association [20SFRN35120152]; Wellcome Trust [219606/Z/19/Z, 214205/Z/18/Z, 200837/Z/16/Z]; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Exeter Biomedical Research Centre, Exeter, UK; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [K23DK128572]; US Department of Veterans Affairs [IK2-CX001907]; Webb-Waring Biomedical Research Award from the Boettcher Foundation; Monash Graduate and International Tuition Scholarship; Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship; NIH/NIDDK [K23-DK129821, T32DK007028, K23DK129799, R21DK125888, R01DK122586]; UK Sir George Alberti fellowship [21/0006277]; NIAID (Immune Tolerance Network) [FY20ITN372]; Provention Bio; Eris M. Field Chair in Diabetes Research; NHMRC Ideas Grant [APP: 2000905]; Pilot and Feasibility Award, CDMD, NIH/NIDDK grant [DK097512]; Doris Duke Charitable Foundation [2021258]; John Templeton Foundation [62288]; Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust [2103-05094]; Doris Duke Foundation [2020096]; NHRI, Taiwan [MG112-PP-18, MG-112-PP-19]; Monash Graduate Scholarship; Monash International Tuition Scholarship; NHMRC Ideas Grant; Medical Research Council [MR/W003740/1, MC_UU_00014/4]; Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Diabetes UK [19/005971]; Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship [223187/Z/21/Z]; Norwegian Diabetes Association; European Research Council [293574]; Trond Mohn Foundation (Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine) [TMS2022TMT01]; Research Council of Norway [240413]; Novo Nordisk Foundation [54741, NNF18CC0034900]; Research England's Expanding Excellence in England (E3) fund; Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation [20190470]; Swedish Research Council (EXODIAB) [2009-1039, 2018-02837]; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (LUDC-IRC) [15-0067]; American Diabetes Association Pathways Award [1-15-ACE-26]; National Institute of Healths [P30DK036836]; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Fellowship; Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region [CU R4012-18]; Croucher Foundation Senior Medical Research Fellowship; University Grants Committee Research Grants Matching Scheme and Research Committee Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme of the Chinese University of Hong Kong; Wellcome Trust Career Development scheme [223024/Z/21/Z]; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC); British Heart Foundation [RG/17/12/33167, RE/18/5/34216]; Folkhalsan Research Foundation; Academy of Finland/University of Helsinki [312072, 336826]; Doris Duke Foundation Clinical Scientist Development Award; European Commission [ERC-CoG_NASCENT-681742]; Swedish Research Council [2014-03529, 2019-01348]; NIH: NIDDK (TrialNet) [2U01DK106993-02]; NIH/NHGRI [U01HG007775]; National Institute of Health [5R01DK124806]; [R01HL130153]; [R01DK034818]; [EU H2020-JTI-lMl2-2015-05]; [115974 -BEAt-DKD]; MRC [MC_UU_00014/4] Funding Source: UKRI"

基金资助正文："We thank P. Siming (Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden) for administrative support and M. Bjorklund and K. Aronsson (Faculty of Medicine Library, Lund University, Sweden) for Covidence support. We thank L. Schwingshackl (University of Freiburg, Germany) for advice on systematic review methods and ADA for administrative support. Funding: The ADA/EASD Precision Diabetes Medicine Initiative, within which this work was conducted, has received the following support: The Covidence license was funded by Lund University, Sweden (PI: P.W. Franks) for which technical support was provided by M. Bjorklund and K. Aronsson (Faculty of Medicine Library, Lund University, Sweden). Administrative support was provided by Lund University (Malmo, Sweden), University of Chicago (IL, USA) and the American Diabetes Association (Washington DC, USA). The Novo Nordisk Foundation (Hellerup, Denmark) provided grant support for in-person consensus meetings (PI: L. Phillipson, University of Chicago, IL, USA). The opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the American Diabetes Association, the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, Novo Nordisk Foundation, National Institutes of Health (NIH), or any other society, institute, or foundation. J. Merino was partially supported by funding from the American Diabetes Association (award no. 7-21-JDFM-005) and the NIH (grant nos. P30 DK40561 and UG1 HD107691); S.J.C. is supported by a Junior Faculty Development Award from the American Diabetes Association (award no. 7-21-JDFM-005); D. Duan is supported by NIH grant no. K23DK133690; E.C.F. received grant support from NIH/NICHD grant no. K99108272-02 and NIH/NHLBI grant no. R25HL146166-05; J.M.I. was supported by NIH (grant no. K08 DK133676-01); A.R.K. is supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, through grant no. KL2TR002490. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. A.R.K. also reports receiving research grants from the Diabetes Research Connection and the American Diabetes Association, and a research prize from the National Academy of Medicine, outside the submitted work; R.J.K. is supported by NIGMS grant no. T32GM774844 and Pediatric Endocrine Society Rising Star Award; N.-M.M. is supported by grants from the NIDDK (grant nos. R01DK125780 and R01DK134955); M.L.M. is supported by the Italian Ministry of Health grant no. GR-2019-12369702; R.N.N. was supported by ADA grant nos. 7-22-ICTSPM-17, R01DK104942 and U54DK118612; B.O. is supported by American Heart Association (grant no. 20SFRN35120152); K.A.P. is funded by the Wellcome Trust (grant no. 219606/Z/19/Z) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Exeter Biomedical Research Centre, Exeter, UK; S.J.P. was supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (grant no. K23DK128572); S.R. is funded by US Department of Veterans Affairs Award no. IK2-CX001907 and a Webb-Waring Biomedical Research Award from the Boettcher Foundation; M.S.-G. is supported by the American Diabetes Association (grant no. 9-22-PDFPM-04) and NIH (grant no. 5UM1DK078616-14); W.W.T. has received funding from the Monash Graduate and International Tuition Scholarship and the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship; M.T. is supported by grant no. K23-DK129821 from NIH/NIDDK; A.S.W. is supported by NIH/NHLBI grant no. T32HL007024; M.C.; has received funding from the Monash Graduate and International Tuition Scholarship and the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship; T.C. is an international training fellow supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant no. 214205/Z/18/Z); S.C.C. is funded by Diabetes UK Sir George Alberti fellowship (grant no. 21/0006277); A.J.D. is supported by NIH/NIDDK grant no. T32DK007028; S.E.G. currently receives research funding from the NIH: NIDDK (TrialNet, grant no. 2U01DK106993-02) and NIAID (Immune Tolerance Network, grant no. FY20ITN372), and from Provention Bio; M.O.G. is supported by the Eris M. Field Chair in Diabetes Research and NIH grant no. P30-DK063491; J.A.G. is supported by a NHMRC Ideas Grant (APP: 2000905); H.M.I. was supported by NIH/NIDDK grant no. K23DK129799; Pilot and Feasibility Award, CDMD, NIH/NIDDK grant no. P30 DK097512; grant no. 2021258 from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation through the COVID-19 Fund to Retain Clinical Scientists collaborative grant program and grant no. 62288 from the John Templeton Foundation; R.K.J. is funded by NIH grant no. R03-DK127472 and The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (grant no. 2103-05094); A.L. is supported by grant no. 2020096 from the Doris Duke Foundation and the American Diabetes Association grant no. 7-22-ICTSPM-23; D.R. is supported by NIH/NIDDK grant no. R21DK125888 and other grants from the NIH; E.S. is supported by NIH/NHLBI grant no. K24 HL152440 and other grants from the NIH; W.H.-H.S. obtained funding from NHRI, Taiwan (grant nos. MG112-PP-18 and MG-112-PP-19); M.A.S. is supported by NIH grant no. K01/NHLBI HL157658; G.G.U. is funded by the Monash Graduate Scholarship and Monash International Tuition Scholarship; J.M.W is funded by NHMRC Ideas Grant; S.L.W. is supported by a research grant no. MR/W003740/1 from the Medical Research Council; J.B. is funded by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; E.D.F. is a Diabetes UK RD Lawrence Fellow (19/005971); S.E.F. has a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship (grant no. 223187/Z/21/Z); K.A.M. was supported by NIH grant no. U54DK118612 and NIH/NICHD grant no. U24HD093486; J. Molnes is funded by the Norwegian Diabetes Association; P.R.N. was supported by grants from the European Research Council (grant no. 293574), the Trond Mohn Foundation (Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, grant no. TMS2022TMT01), the Research Council of Norway (grant no. 240413) and the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant no. 54741); T.C. was supported by grant nos. R01HL130153 and R01DK034818; J.M.D. is supported by Research England's Expanding Excellence in England (E3) fund; J.C.F. is supported by NIH grant no. K24 HL157960; A.L.G. is a Wellcome Trust Senior Fellow (200837/Z/16/Z) and is also supported by NIDDK (award no. UM-1DK126185); M.F.G. is supported by the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (grant no. 20190470), Swedish Research Council (EXODIAB, grant nos. 2009-1039 and 2018-02837), Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (LUDC-IRC, grant no. 15-0067) and EU H2020-JTI-lMl2-2015-05 (grant agreement no. 115974 -BEAt-DKD); M.-F.H. was supported by the American Diabetes Association Pathways Award no. 1-15-ACE-26; J.L.J. is funded by the NIH (grant no. 5R01DK118403); L.M.L. is supported by National Institute of Healths grant no. P30DK036836; S.S.L. is funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Fellowship; C.C., J. Merino, A.C.B.T., M.K.A., M.G.-F., T.H. and R.J.F.L.; acknowledge that The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research is supported by and unrestricted grant from the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant no. NNF18CC0034900); R.C.W.M. acknowledges support from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (grant no. CU R4012-18), the Croucher Foundation Senior Medical Research Fellowship and University Grants Committee Research Grants Matching Scheme and Research Committee Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme of the Chinese University of Hong Kong; J.B.M. reports funding from NIH grant nos. U01 DK078616 and R01 HL151855; S.M. has a personal award from Wellcome Trust Career Development scheme (grant no. 223024/Z/21/Z) and is supported by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre; K.R.O. is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health; S.E.O. is funded by the British Heart Foundation (grant no. RG/17/12/33167) and the Medical Research Council (grant no. MC_UU_00014/4); T.I.P. was supported by NIH grant nos. U54DK118612, NIH/NICHD U24HD093486 and NIH/NHGRI U01HG007775; L.M.R. is funded by the National Institute of Health (grant no. 5R01DK124806); relevant funding for M.J.R. includes NIH grant no. R01 DK124395 and NIH grant no. 1 R01 DK121843-01; R.M.R. acknowledges the support of the British Heart Foundation (grant no. RE/18/5/34216); T.T. is supported by The Folkhalsan Research Foundation and The Academy of Finland/University of Helsinki (grant nos. 312072 and 336826); M.S.U. is supported by an NIH grant no. K23DK114551 and the Doris Duke Foundation Clinical Scientist Development Award; S.S.R. is supported by NIH/NIDDK grant no. R01DK122586 and other grants from the NIH; P.W.F. is supported by research grants from the European Commission (grant no. ERC-CoG_NASCENT-681742) and the Swedish Research Council (grant nos. 2014-03529 and 2019-01348)."