关键词： 肌萎缩侧索硬化   上运动神经元   神经退行性疾病   生物标志物   神经生理学   疾病进展   肌肉萎缩   呼吸衰竭  

摘要： 肌萎缩侧索硬化(Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)是一种同时累及上运动神经元(Upper motor neuron,UMN)和下运动神经元(Lower motor neuron,LMN)的神经退行性疾病,患者主要表现为进行性的肌肉萎缩和无力,并最终因呼吸衰竭而死亡[1]。由于其临床异质性,且缺乏明确的诊断实验或生物标志物,故常导致患者诊断延迟,且在临床实验中难以监测疾病进展及治疗结果[2]。

关键词： 科学研究成果   教育生物学   神经生理学   脑神经科学   生长发育阶段   神经心理学   大脑活动   神经生物学  

摘要： 教育生物学(bio-education),是从生物学、神经生理学、神经心理学、脑神经科学的角度研究人类教育现象及其一般规律的学科,为生物科学与教育科学相融合形成的一门交叉学科。其研究对象是人,着重研究处于接受教育和生长发育阶段的儿童和青少年个体及群体。借助生物医学手段,如神经心理测试、神经生物学的动物实验、神经生理学的检查,以及神经影像学的研究,包括脑计算机断层扫描术(CT)、脑电图(EEG)、脑磁共振(MRI)、功能性磁共振(fMRI)、正电子扫描(PET)等,研究人体和人脑的本体结构及其发生发展以及人体和人脑的功能,包括学习、记忆、注意、认知、情感、创造、社会性等大脑活动的奥秘,并将科学研究成果广泛地应用于人类的教育实践。这些方法和技术在教育教学中的应用效果可以通过以生物医学客观指标变化为依据的检验来呈现,从而摒除既往评价标准的主观性。

关键词： Dopamine   Tissue iron   Functional connectivity   Reward   Adolescent development   STATE FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY   MAGNETIZATION-TRANSFER RATIO   POSTERIOR PARIETAL CORTEX   MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX   AGE-RELATED-CHANGES   DUAL-SYSTEMS-MODEL   IRON-DEFICIENCY   RISK-TAKING   DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES   NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS  

摘要： Characterizing developmental changes in frontostriatal circuitry is critical to understanding adolescent development and can clarify neurobiological mechanisms underlying increased reward sensitivity and risk-taking and the emergence of psychopathology during this period. However, the role of striatal neurobiology in the development of frontostriatal circuitry through human adolescence remains largely unknown. We examined background connectivity during a reward-guided decision-making task (?reward-state?), in addition to resting-state, and assessed the association between age-related changes in frontostriatal connectivity and age-related changes in reward learning and risk-taking through adolescence. Further, we examined the contribution of dopaminergic processes to changes in frontostriatal circuitry and decision-making using MR-based assessments of striatal tissue-iron as a correlate of dopamine-related neurobiology. Connectivity between the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and ventral anterior cingulate, subgenual cingulate, and orbitofrontal cortices decreased through adolescence into adulthood, and decreases in reward-state connectivity were associated with improvements reward-guided decision-making as well as with decreases in risk-taking. Finally, NAcc tissue-iron mediated agerelated changes and was associated with variability in connectivity, and developmental increases in NAcc R2? corresponded with developmental decreases in connectivity. Our results provide evidence that dopamine-related striatal properties contribute to the specialization of frontostriatal circuitry, potentially underlying changes in risk-taking and reward sensitivity into adulthood.

关键词： Raw fish feed   Commercial pellet diet   Digestive enzymes   Digestive physiology  

摘要： This study examined the biochemical characteristics of key digestive enzymes in artificially produced Pacific bluefin tuna juveniles and revealed details of the digestive physiology of juveniles fed a commercial pellet diet and raw fish over long-term (225 days) and short-term (response to feeding) periods. pH and thermal profiles of key digestive enzymes of pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase and amylase were examined in juvenile bluefin tuna and the characteristics differed from those previously reported for larval and adult tuna. Long-term feeding (225 days) of the commercial diet markedly increased stomach and pyloric caeca size as well as storage/synthesis levels of the digestive enzymes. Highly increased gene expression levels of cholecystokinin (cck) and its receptor (cck1r) were also found in juveniles fed the commercial diet, suggesting cck might be involved in the gastrointestinal hypertrophy and digestion enhancement seen in the present study. In the short-term experiment (response to feeding), juveniles fed the commercial diet displayed faster gastric emptying, higher pH in the intestinal content and increased digestive enzymes storage/synthesis whereas the enzymes secretion was similar with those of juveniles fed raw fish. These indicate that juvenile bluefin tuna morphologically and physiologically adapted their digestive system to the artificial diet, however the adaptation was not sufficient to obtain a comparable performance as tuna fed raw fish feed. Biochemical characteristics of the digestive enzymes and the observed effects of artificial diet on digestive physiology could be good indicators to improve feeding strategies such as diet composition, feeding ration and frequency in juvenile tuna.

关键词： 轻微型肝性脑病   神经心理学   特殊临床表现   横断面研究   神经生理学   多中心研究   早期诊治   发病率高  

摘要： 轻微型肝性脑病(Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy,MHE)是肝性脑病发病过程中的一个非常隐匿的阶段,定义为肝硬化患者出现神经心理学/神经生理学异常而无明显的临床表现[1]。具有发病率高、无特殊临床表现、隐蔽性强、早期诊治效果好等特点。国内一项多中心研究发现肝硬化患者MHE的患病率39.9%[2],国外一项多中心、全国性的横断面研究显示MHE患病率为59.7%[3]。

关键词： Aflibercept   Diabetic macular edema   Fundus fluorescein angiography   Microperimetry   Multifocal electroretinography   Optical coherence tomography  

摘要： Purpose To evaluate anatomical and neuroretinal functional aspects in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, in particular aflibercept. Materials and methods This prospective single-centered interventional study was performed at Afyonkarahisar Health Science University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, where 32 eyes of 32 patients with DME were investigated. All patients received five intravitreal aflibercept injections on a monthly basis and were followed up for >= 6 months. After a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including the measurements of visual acuity and intraocular pressure, and an antero-posterior segment slit-lamp biomicroscopy before and after full pupil dilation, fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography were performed at baseline and during the third and sixth months post-therapy. Microperimetry and multifocal electroretinography were also performed at baseline and during the sixth months. Results Mean visual acuity increased from 0.73 to 0.57 and 0.33 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) during the third and sixth months, respectively (p < 0.001). Changes in intraocular pressure were not statistically significant (p = 0.472). There was statistically significantly decreased mean central macular thickness from 390.2 mu m to 242.6 and 289.7 mu m during the third and sixth months, respectively (p < 0.001). Significantly improved fixation patterns during the sixth month, along with significantly increased macular sensitivity from 8.2 to 14.2 dB (p < 0.001) and significantly decreased local deficit from - 10.3 to 5.5 dB (p < 0.001) were observed. Further, there was a significantly increased N1 amplitude in the first ring and significantly increased P1 amplitude in all rings (p for each parameter < 0.05). There was also significantly decreased N1 wave implicit time in all rings and significantly decreased P1 wave i

关键词： Telemedicine   Public health   Teleneurophysiology   Remote control   Telemedicine recommendations   Telemedicine guidelines  

摘要： Recent advances in technology, information technology, Internet networks, and, more recently, fiber optics in industrialized countries allow the exchange of a huge amount of data, in real time, across the globe. The acquisition of increasingly sophisticated technologies has made it possible to develop telemedicine, by which the specialist's evaluation can be carried out on the patient even remotely. In Italy, this very useful tool, although possible from a technological and information technology point of view, has not been developed because of the lack of clear and univocal rules and of major administrative obstacles related to the Italian Public Health System. To promote telemedicine implementation in Italy, the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology and the Italian Society of Telemedicine together with the National Centre for Telemedicine and New Assistive Technologies of the Italian Higher Institute of Health prepared these inter-society recommendations. Because of potential forensic value of these recommendations, they were prepared considering the current regulations and the General Data Protection Regulation and will provide the basis for a Consensus Conference planned to discuss and prepare National Telemedicine Guidelines.

关键词： Algorithms   Automated detection   Epilepsy   Seizure detection   Wearable devices   TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURES   VIDEOTAPED NEONATAL SEIZURES   WRIST ACCELEROMETER   DETECTION ALGORITHM   RISK-FACTORS   MULTICENTER   PATIENT   VIEWS   TECHNOLOGY   VALIDATION  

摘要： The objective of this clinical practice guideline (CPG) is to provide recommendations for healthcare personnel working with patients with epilepsy, on the use of wearable devices for automated seizure detection in patients with epilepsy, in outpatient, ambulatory settings. The Working Group of the International League Against Epilepsy and the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology developed the CPG according to the methodology proposed by the ILAE Epilepsy Guidelines Working Group. We reviewed the published evidence using The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement and evaluated the evidence and formulated the recommendations following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. We found high level of evidence for the accuracy of automated detection of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and focal-to-bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (FBTCS) and recommend use of wearable automated seizure detection devices for selected patients when accurate detection of GTCS and FBTCS is recommended as a clinical adjunct. We also found moderate level of evidence for seizure types without GTCs or FBTCs. However, it was uncertain whether the detected alarms resulted in meaningful clinical outcomes for the patients. We recommend using clinically validated devices for automated detection of GTCS and FBTCS, especially in unsupervised patients, where alarms can result in rapid intervention (weak/conditional recommendation). At present, we do not recommend clinical use of the currently available devices for other seizure & nbsp;types (weak/conditional recommendation). Further research and development are needed to improve the performance of automated seizure detection and to document their accuracy and clinical utility. (c) 2020 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, Inc. and International League Against Epilepsia. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.