关键词： Pain   Neuroscience   Neurophysiology   Education   PNE   Meta-Analysis   LOW-BACK-PAIN   NEUROSCIENCE EDUCATION   MANAGEMENT   QUALITY   PEOPLE   CARE  

摘要： Objectives. To estimate the effectiveness and safety of Pain Neurophysiology Education (PNE) on pain, disability, and psychological distress at post-intervention and long-term (closest to twelve months after initiating the intervention) in musculoskeletal pain (MSKP). Methods. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) were identified in six engines, reference lists, ***, and by contacting key researches. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. Meta-analyses, using Restricted Maximum Likelihood Method, were conducted to estimate standardized mean differences (SMD) and overall quality of evidence was evaluated according to GRADE. Results. In total, 18 RCTs (n = 1,585) were included. There was small to moderate effects of PNE on pain at post-intervention and long-term: SMD = -0.32 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -.58; -.05) and SMD = -0.40 (95% CI: -.78; -.03), respectively. On disability, PNE had a small effect at post-intervention: SMD = -0.17 (95% CI: -.34; -.01) but was insignificant at long-term: SMD = -0.27 (95% CI: -.59; .06). Likewise, there was a small to moderate effect on psychological distress at post-intervention: SMD = -0.36 (95% CI: -.67; -.06) but was insignificant at long-term: SMD = -0.37 (95% CI: -.75; .01). Quality of evidence was low across all outcomes. Additional analyses showed significant effects of PNE, corresponding to moderate effects, on pain and psychological distress at both time points in chronic MSKP. Conclusions. Overall quality of evidence was low, supporting PNE being safe and having small to moderate effects on pain at both time points, and on disability as well as psychological distress at post-intervention.

关键词： Stress assessment   Wearable devices   Network Physiology   Measurements   Classification   Machine learning  

摘要： Mental stress is a physiological condition that has a strong negative impact on the quality of life, affecting both the physical and the mental health. For such a reason, accurate measurements of stress level can be helpful to provide mechanisms for prevention and treatment. This paper proposes a procedure for the classification of different mental stress levels by using physiological signals provided by low invasive wearable devices. 17 healthy volunteers participated in this study. Three different mental states were elicited in them: a resting condition, a stressful cognitive state, and a sustained attention task. The acquired physiological signals were: a one lead electrocardiogram (ECG), a respiratory signal, a blood volume pulse (BVP), and 14 channels of a 10-20 electroencephalogram (EEG). For all subjects, 59 time series of 300 samples each were structured by including the RR series, the respiratory series, the pulse arrival time (PAT) series, and the delta, theta, alpha, beta power series of the 14 EEG channels. Different classifiers were implemented to assess the mental stress level starting from a pool of 3481 features computed from the aforementioned physiological quantities, using the Network Physiology paradigm. The highest achieved accuracy was 84.6%, from logistic regression and random forest classifiers, cross validated by mean of leave-one-person-out analysis. A further analysis was carried out to evaluate the classification accuracy using only cardio-respiratory signals, since the latter are more suitable to be used in real-life scenarios. In this case, the highest achieved accuracy was 76.5% obtained by the random forest classifier.

关键词： Dystonia   Neurophysiology   Network disorder   Brain plasticity  

摘要： The complex phenomenological understanding of dystonia has transcended from the clinics to genetics, imaging and neurophysiology. One way in which electrophysiology will impact into the clinics are cases wherein a dystonic clinical presentation may not be typical or a "forme fruste" of the disorder. Indeed, the physiological imprints of dystonia are present regardless of its clinical manifestation. Underpinnings in the understanding of dystonia span from the peripheral, segmental and suprasegmental levels to the cortex, and various electrophysiological tests have been applied in the course of time to elucidate the origin of dystonia pathophysiology. While loss of inhibition remains to be the key finding in this regard, intricacies and variabilities exist, thus leading to a notion that perhaps dystonia should best be gleaned as network disorder. Interestingly, the complex process has now spanned towards the understanding in terms of networks related to the cerebellar circuitry and the neuroplasticity. What is evolving towards a better and cohesive view will be neurophysiology attributes combined with structural dynamic imaging. Such a sound approach will significantly lead to better therapeutic modalities in the future.

关键词： clinical neurophysiology   clinical utility   electrophysiology   mononeuropathies   neuromuscular diseases   neuromuscular ultrasound  

摘要： Introduction In everyday clinical neurophysiology practice, mononeuropathies are evaluated primarily by traditional electrodiagnostic testing. We sought to assess the additional benefit of neuromuscular ultrasound (US) in this scenario. Methods All consecutive mononeuropathies undergoing combined US and electrodiagnostic evaluation over a 23-mo period at a single neurophysiology practice were reviewed. Three independent examiners assessed how often US was: (a) "contributory" - enabling a definite diagnosis not made by electrophysiology alone and/or impacting on the therapeutic decision, (b) "confirmatory" of the electrodiagnostic findings, but not adding further diagnostic or therapeutic information, or (c) "negative" - missed the diagnosis. Results There were 385 studies included. US was "contributory" in 36%, "confirmatory" in 61% and "negative" in 3%. Discussion In this study of everyday neurophysiology practice, neuromuscular US contributed significant diagnostic or therapeutic information in over 1/3 of the investigations for common mononeuropathies. False negative US studies were uncommon in this setting.

关键词： adolescence   biomarker   coherence   COS   EEG   sleep   EEG COHERENCE   RESTING EEG   DISORDERS   POWER   DEPRESSIVES   SPINDLES   DEFICITS   SLOW  

摘要： Altered sleep neurophysiology has consistently been reported in adult patients with schizophrenia. Converging evidence suggests that childhood onset schizophrenia (COS), a rare but severe form of schizophrenia, is continuous with adult onset schizophrenia. The aim of the current study was to characterize sleep neurophysiology in COS. An overnight sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in 17 children and adolescents with COS (16 years +/- 6.6) and 17 age and gender-matched controls. Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep EEG power and coherence for the frequency bands delta (1.6-4.8 Hz), theta (5-8.4 Hz), alpha (8.6-11 Hz), beta 1 (16.4-20.2 Hz) and beta 2 (20.4-24.2 Hz) were compared between COS patients and controls. COS patients exhibited significant and widespread deficits in beta power during NREM and REM sleep. With regard to coherence, we found increases in COS patients across brain regions, frequency bands and sleep states. This study demonstrates the utility of the sleep EEG for studying vulnerable populations and its potential to aid diagnosis.

关键词： child and adolescent development   EEG   feature binding   motor planning   theory of event coding   ITERATION DECOMPOSITION RIDE   EVENT CODING TEC   INHIBITORY CONTROL   LATENCY VARIABILITY   BINDING   PERCEPTION   STIMULUS   BRAIN   CORTEX   THETA  

摘要： Performing a goal-directed movement consists of a chain of complex preparatory mechanisms. Such planning especially requires integration (or binding) of various action features, a process that has been conceptualized in the "theory of event coding" Theoretical considerations and empirical research suggest that these processes are subject to developmental effects from adolescence to adulthood. The aim of the present study was to investigate age-related modulations in action feature binding processes and to shed light on underlying neurophysiological development from preadolescence to early adulthood. We examined a group of healthy participants (n = 61) between 10 and 30 yr of age, who performed a task that requires a series of bimanual response selections in an embedded paradigm. For an in-depth analysis of the underlying neural correlates, we applied EEG signal decomposition together with source localization analyses. Behavioral results across the whole group did not show binding effects in reaction times but in intraindividual response variability. From age 10 to 30 yr, there was a decrease in reaction times and reaction time variability but no age-related effect in action file binding. The latter were corroborated by Bayesian data analyses. On the brain level, the developmental effects on response selection were associated with activation modulations in the superior parietal cortex (BA7). The results show that mechanisms of action execution and speed, but not those of action feature binding, are subject to age-related changes between the age of 10 and 30 yr. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Different aspects of an action need to be integrated to allow smooth unfolding of behavior. We examine developmental effects in these processes and show that mechanisms of action execution and speed, but not those of action feature binding, are subject to age-related changes between the age of 10 and 30 yr.

关键词： Electroencephalogram   Polysomnogram   Electromyogram   Electrooculogram   Standards   DICOM  

摘要： A standard format for neurophysiology data is urgently needed to improve clinical care and promote research data exchange. Previous neurophysiology format standardization projects have provided valuable insights into how to accomplish the project. In medical imaging, the Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) standard is widely adopted. DICOM offers a unique environment to accomplish neurophysiology format standardization because neurophysiology data can be easily integrated with existing DICOM-supported elements such as video, ECG, and images and also because it provides easy integration into hospital Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) long-term storage systems. Through the support of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) and partners in industry, DICOM Working Group 32 (WG-32) has created an initial set of standards for routine electroencephalography (EEG), polysomnography (PSG), electromyography (EMG), and electrooculography (EOG). Longer and more complex neurophysiology data types such as high-definition EEG, long-term monitoring EEG, intracranial EEG, magnetoencephalography, advanced EMG, and evoked potentials will be added later. In order to provide for efficient data compression, a DICOM neurophysiology codec design competition will be held by the IFCN and this is currently being planned. We look forward to a future when a common DICOM neurophysiology data format makes data sharing and storage much simpler and more efficient. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.

关键词： 科学研究成果   教育生物学   神经生理学   脑神经科学   生长发育阶段   神经心理学   大脑活动   神经生物学  

摘要： 教育生物学(bio-education),是从生物学、神经生理学、神经心理学、脑神经科学的角度研究人类教育现象及其一般规律的学科。生物科学与教育科学相融合形成的一门交叉学科。其研究对象是人,着重研究处于接受教育和生长发育阶段的儿童和青少年个体及群体。借助生物医学手段,如神经心理测试、神经生物学的动物实验、神经生理学的检查,以及神经影像学的研究,包括脑计算机断层扫描术(CT)、脑电图(EEG),脑磁共振(MRI)、功能性磁共振(fMRI)、正电子扫描(PET)等,研究人体和人脑的本体结构及其发生发展以及人体和人脑的功能,包括学习、记忆、注意、认知、情感、创造、社会性等大脑活动的奥秘,并将科学研究成果广泛地应用于人类的教育实践。这些方法和技术在教育教学中的应用效果可以通过以生物医学客观指标变化为依据的检验,从而摒除既往评价标准的主观性。

关键词： adult lifespan   experimental pain   functional MRI   nursing   older adults   research protocol   sex-differences   PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES   ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE   BRAIN ACTIVITY   OLDER-ADULTS   STATE   INVENTORY   PERFUSION   SOFTWARE   VISUALIZATION   PERFORMANCE  

摘要： Aims: Determine sex- and age-associated psychophysical and neurophysiological differences in the processing of pain across the adult lifespan. Design: Preliminary, exploratory, cross-sectional study. Methods: Using psychophysics (to measure intensity and unpleasantness) and functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygenation level dependent methods (to measure stimulus-evoked brain activation), we will examine sex- and age-associated differences in thermal pain processing and their underlying neurophysiology in a broad range of healthy adults (ages 30-89). We will acquire resting state functional connectivity data for secondary analyses exploring whether resting state connectivity predicts psychophysical and neurophysiological responses to thermal pain. To examine the effects of altered blood flow, we will acquire resting-state arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging data to quantify resting cerebral blood flow. We will interpret findings in the context of a proposed neural model of pain, ageing, and sex. Study funding was received in June of 2014. Ethical approval was obtained from the Vanderbilt University IRB prior to study initiation. Conclusion: Exploring the biological reasons for age- and sex-associated differences in pain processing will increase our understanding of pain in older adults. The paucity of neurobiological evidence to support best practice pain management in older adults places these individuals at risk for poor pain management. Impact: Poorly treated pain in older adults is a critical public health problem associated with a poor quality of life and increased healthcare costs. Understanding how age and sex have an impact on central processing of pain across the lifespan is a critical step toward improving personalized pain medicine.