关键词： Adult   Anger/physiology*   Blood Pressure/physiology*   Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory   Cardiography, Impedance   Circadian Rhythm   Ethnic Groups/psychology*   Female   Hemodynamics/physiology   Humans   Male   Sex Characteristics  

摘要： This study examined the relationship of trait anger to nocturnal blood pressure decline among Singaporean young adults. One hundred forty-nine participants (51 Chinese, 51 Malays, 47 Indians, 49.7% men) participated in 24-h ambulatory monitoring for blood pressure and hemodynamic measures. Significant interactions were obtained between ethnicity and trait anger for systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure such that trait anger was significantly and negatively related to nocturnal blood pressure decline for Indians whereas this was not true for Chinese or Malays. Significant sex x trait anger interactions were obtained for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure in which trait anger was negatively related to blood pressure decline for men but not for women. Overall the results suggest that trait anger is a significant factor affecting nocturnal blood pressure decline particularly among Indians and men.

关键词： 慢性疲劳综合征   慢性疲劳   临床表现   关节疼痛   神经生理学  

摘要： ,}昙性疲劳综合征,顾名思义,‘以 }J乙乎就是慢性疲劳的意思,许多 媒体还用亚健康、第三状态、灰色状 态、不定陈述综合征等来形容和称谓 之。其实,慢性疲劳并不等于慢性疲劳 综合征。事实上,后者是具有特定症状 特点和临床诊断标准的一种疾病。虽然 有人称之为“20世纪90年代?（共2页)

关键词： 横向电场   电缆方程   神经兴奋   外周神经   外周神经   横向电场   神经兴奋   模型   电缆方程   机理研究   离体实验   神经生理学  

摘要： 外周神经的兴奋机理研究是以神经生理学的电缆方程为基础,方程中的激励因子只与外电场沿神经方向的纵向电场分量有关。但实验表明垂直于神经走向的横向电场也可以兴奋外周神经,因而传统电缆方程不能客观反映外周神经兴奋实际过程而需要改进。本文基于两阶段过程,建立了横向电场作用下外周神经的兴奋模型,表明了在横向电场作用下沿朗飞氏结径向的净内向电流导致了神经兴奋,从而阐述了外周神经在横向电场中的兴奋机理,改进了经典电缆方程。模型通过了离体实验验证。此改进的电缆方程可以描述任意电场激励下的外周神经兴奋。

关键词： 围生期窒息   图形的   出生后   发育量表   神经发育   神经学   影像学结果   神经生理学   程及   性抑制  

摘要： Objective: To assess the time course of recovery of severely abnormal initial amplitude integrated electroencephalographic (aEEG) patterns (flat trace (FT), c ontinuous low voltage (CLV), or burst suppression (BS)) in full term asphyxiated neonates, in relation to other neurophysiological and neuroimaging findings and neurodevelopmental outcome. Methods: A total of 190 aEEGs of full term infants were reviewed. The neonates were admitted within 6 hours of birth to the neonata l intensive care unit because of perinatal asphyxia, and aEEG recording was star ted immediately. In all, 160 infants were included; 65 of these had an initial F T or CLV pattern and 25 an initial BS pattern. Neurodevelopmental outcome was as sessed using a full neurological examination and the Griffiths’mental developme ntal scale. Results: In the FT/CLV group, the background pattern recovered to co ntinuous normal voltage within 24 hours in six of the 65 infants (9%). All six infants survived the neonatal period; one had a severe disability, and five were normal at follow up. In the BS group, the background pattern improved to normal voltage in 12 of the 25 infants (48%) within 24 hours. Of these infants, one d ied, five survived withmoderate to severe disability, two with mild disability, and four were normal. The patients who did not recover within 24 hours either di ed in the neonatal period or survived with a severe disability. Conclusion: In t his study there was a small group of infants who presented with a severely abnor mal aEEG background pattern within six hours of birth, but who achieved recovery to a continuous normal background pattern within the first 24 hours. Sixty one percent of these infants survived without, or with a mild, disability.

关键词： Ia   患侧下肢   下肢肌肉   肌梭   单突触反射   背屈   神经生理学   比目鱼肌   痉挛性   肌痉挛  

摘要： Objective: Foot dorsiflexion evokes a short- (SLR) and a medium- latency EM G response (MLR) in the soleus of standing subjects. SLR is mediated by spindle group Ia, while group II fibres contribute to MLR through an oligosynaptic circu it. We studied the effects of Achilles’ tendon vibration on both responses in spastic patients to disclose any abnormal excitability of these pathways. Method s: SLR and MLR were evoked in 11 hemiparetics and 11 normals. The vibration- in duced changes in both responses were correlated to the Ashworth score of the aff ected leg. Results: There were no differences between normals and patients in th e size of control SLR or MLR. Vibration decreased SLR to 70% in normal subject s, but increased it to 110% in patients, in both affected and unaffected leg. Vibration did not affect MLR in normals, but increased it to 165% on the affec ted and 120% on the unaffected side of patients. Ashworth score was solely cor related with the degree of vibration- induced increase of MLR. Conclusions: Whi le the lack of inhibitory effect of vibration on SLR confirms a reduced inhibiti bility of the monosynaptic reflex, the increased MLR indicates a disin hibition of group II pathway in patients, connected to the loss of descending control on group II interneurones. Spastic hypertonia depends on release of gro up II rather than group Ia reflex pathways. Significance: These findings give a neurophysiological support for the pharmacological treatment of spastic hyperton ia and suggest a method for the assessment of its effects.

关键词： 2-PERCENT TOPICAL MINOXIDIL   MALE PATTERN BALDNESS   FINASTERIDE 1 MG   HAIR LOSS   HORIZONTAL SECTIONS   SCALP   PLACEBO   5-PERCENT   SKIN  

摘要： Androgenetic alopecia in men, or male pattern baldness, is recognized increasingly as a physically and psychologically harmful medical condition that can be managed effectively by generalist clinicians. This article discusses the clinical manifestations, epidemiology, physical and psychosocial importance, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of androgenetic alopecia in men. Androgenetic alopecia affects at least half of white men by the age of 50 years. Although androgenetic alopecia does not appear to cause direct physical harm, hair loss can result in physical harm because hair protects against sunburn, cold, mechanical injury, and ultraviolet light. Hair loss also can psychologically affect the balding individual and can influence others' perceptions of him. A progressive condition, male pattern baldness is known to depend on the presence of the androgen dihydrotestosterone and on a genetic predisposition for this condition, but its pathophysiology has not been elucidated fully. Pharmacotherapy, hair transplantation, and cosmetic aids have been used to manage male pattern baldness. Two US Food and Drug Administration-approved hair-loss pharmacotherapies-the potassium channel opener minoxidil and the dihydrotestosterone synthesis inhibitor finasteride re safe and effective for controlling male pattern baldness with long-term daily use. Regardless of which treatment modality is chosen for male pattern baldness, defining and addressing the patient's expectations regarding therapy are paramount in determining outcome.

关键词： Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder   QEEG   neuroanatomical model   DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER   COMPUTER ANALYZED EEG   DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER   QUANTITATIVE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY   RETICULAR-FORMATION   MAGNETIC-RESONANCE   PREFRONTAL CORTEX   BASAL GANGLIA   ANIMAL-MODEL   CATECHOLAMINE SYNTHESIS  

摘要： Recent reviews of the neurobiology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) have concluded that there is no single pathophysiological profile underlying this disorder. Certainly, dysfunctions in the frontal/subcortical pathways that control attention and motor behavior are implicated. However, no diagnostic criteria or behavioral/neuroimaging techniques allow a clear discrimination among subtypes within this disorder, especially when problems with learning are also considered. Two major Quantitative EEG (QEEG) subtypes have been found to characterize AD/HD. Here we review the major findings in the neurophysiology of AD/HD, focusing on QEEG, and briefly present our previous findings using a source localization technique called Variable Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (VARETA). These two techniques represent a possible objective method to identify specific patterns corresponding to EEG-defined subtypes of AD/HD. We then propose a model representing the distribution of the neural generators in these two major AD/HD subtypes, localized within basal ganglia and right anterior cortical regions, and hippocampal, para-hippocampal and temporal cortical regions, respectively. A comprehensive review of neurochemical, genetic, neuroimaging, pharmacological and neuropsychological evidence in support of this model is then presented. These results indicate the value of the neurophysiological model of AD/HD and support the involvement of different neuroanatomical systems, particularly the dopaminergic pathways. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： CORTEX   CATS  

摘要： In the middle of the last century, R. L. De Valois designed and built a unique and effective amplifier based on the newly developed field-effect transistor (FET). This amplifier has many beneficial qualities for amplifying the signals of neurons with minimal disturbance. We have used this amplifier successfully for more than three decades. We describe the circuitry of the De Valois amplifier and provide performance specifications. The FET amplifier is one of De Valois's contributions to visual neurophysiology; we share the design in his honor, with the hope that it might prove useful to others. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America.

关键词： 生理学   心理健康   教育  

摘要： 随着科学技术的发展和社会的进步,人们对健康的含义有了新的认识,不再认为"没有病就是健康".世界卫生组织提出:"健康不仅是没有疾病或不虚弱,而且包括体格,心理和社会适应能力的全面发展".

关键词： 蟾蜍   视神经   视觉   视觉反应   实验探究   神经生理学   两栖类动物   识别   生理基础   电生理活动  

摘要： 研究动物的行为反应是神经生理学的基础,采用神经系统较为简单的低等动物(如两栖类动物等)来研究视觉形成与背景之间的关系,特别是探讨一些与视觉反应有关的神经生理基础就成为入手之处。简单描述了研究蟾蜍视觉形成与背景关系的实验方法,通过使用示波器记录了蟾蜍视觉中枢(视顶盖)与所视目标之间的电生理活动。