关键词： 神经生理学   生理学家   脑科学   中科院院士   中国科学院院士   生命科学   上海市   研究中心   科学学会   研究所  

摘要： 吴建屏,出生于1934年4月4日,原籍太仓。是中国著名的神经生理学家,跟随中国生命科学先驱,美国科学院院士冯德培先生从事神经生理学的研究。后任中国科学院上海脑研究所所长,上海生命科学研究中心副主任,上海市神经科学学会理事长等,1991年当选为中国科学院院士。

关键词： 表现性评价   植物生理学   实验教学  

摘要： 通过植物生理学中质壁分离法来测定细胞渗透势的实验,在高校生物实验教学中引入了表现性评价的方法,来测查和提高学生的实验能力.

关键词： SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY   STM TIPS   MICROELECTRODES   ELECTRODES   ULTRAMICROELECTRODES   CATS  

摘要： The fabrication and characterization of tungsten nanoelectrodes insulated with cathodic electrophoretic paint is described together with their application within the field of neurophysiology. The tip of a 127 Am diameter tungsten wire was etched down to less than 100 nm and then insulated with cathodic electrophoretic paint. Focused ion beam (FIB) polishing was employed to remove the insulation at the electrode's apex, leaving a nanoscale sized conductive tip of 100-1000 nm. The nanoelectrodes were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their electrochemical properties characterized by steady state linear sweep voltammetry. Electrode impedance at I kHz was measured too. The ability of a 700 nm tipped electrode to record well-isolated action potentials extracellularly from single visual neurons in vivo was demonstrated. Such electrodes have the potential to open new populations of neurons to study.

关键词： FOOD-ASSOCIATED CALLS   RHESUS MACAQUES   STRIATE CORTEX   MACACA-MULATTA   REPRESENTATION   FIELD   PROBABILITY   CONNECTIONS   MECHANISMS   RETRIEVAL  

摘要： Neurophysiological studies in nonhuman primates have demonstrated that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a critical role in the acquisition of learned categories following training. What is presently unclear is whether this cortical area also plays a role in spontaneous recognition and discrimination of natural categories. Here, we explore this possibility by recording from neurons in the PFC while rhesus listen to species-specific vocalizations that vary in terms of their social function and acoustic morphology. We found that ventral prefrontal cortex (vPFC) activity, on average, did not differentiate between food calls that were associated with the same functional category, despite having different acoustic properties. In contrast, vPFC activity differentiated between food calls associated with different functional classes and specifically, information about the quality and motivational value of the food. These results suggest that the vPFC is involved in the categorization of socially meaningful signals, thereby both extending its previously conceived role in the acquisition of learned categories and showing the significance of using natural categorical distinctions in the study of neural mechanisms.

关键词： HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY   TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION   SOMATOSENSORY EVOKED-POTENTIALS   AUDITORY BRAIN-STEM   ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS   PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION   EEG ABNORMALITIES   SUDDEN-DEATH   CLINICAL USE   DISORDER  

摘要： Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that in most cases is consequent to a mutation in the MECP2 gene. The central nervous system is the primary organ system involved in Rett syndrome. Neurophysiologic evaluations provide information concerning the developmental aspects of Rett syndrome and the character and extent of involvement of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous system pathways. Evoked potentials typically demonstrate intactness of peripheral auditory and visual pathways and suggest dysfunction of central or "higher" cortical pathways. Somatosensory evoked potentials can be characterized by "giant" responses, suggesting cortical hyperexcitability. Cortical hyperexcitability is further suggested by the findings of the electroencephalogram (EEG), which are primarily characterized by a loss of expected developmental features; the appearance of focal, multifocal, and generalized epileptiform abnormalities; and the occurrence of rhythmic slow (theta) activity, primarily in the frontal-central regions. Epileptic seizures are reported to occur frequently in Rett syndrome. However, many events presumed to be seizures have no EEG correlate during video-EEG monitoring. Impairment of the autonomic nervous system in Rett syndrome is suggested by an increased incidence of long Q-T intervals during electrocardiographic recordings and diminished heart rate variability. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction can contribute to the increased incidence of sudden unexpected death in Rett syndrome.

关键词： 多发性神经病   医疗评价   诊断评估   电诊断医学   神经生理学   同行评审   电生理   病理生理   诊断标准   相关学科  

摘要： Objective: Since 1992, 7 European neurophysiologists have participated in the ESTEEM project concerned with improvements in electrodiagnostic medicine. This s tudy assesses whether the collaboration that includes peer review medicalaudit h as influenced the involved physicians’electrodiagnostic criteria for polyneurop athy (PNP) diagnosing and ***: Two sets of each physician’s PNP examinations performed early and late in the study were examined for changes in(1) number of studies with abnormal electrophysiological findings required fo r diagnosing PNP, and (2) agreement between the classifications given by the ind ividual physicians and the peer review group. Results: The average number of abn ormal motor nerve segments per patient increased from 4.6 to 6.4 during the stud y. Although most individual changes were minor,the second set of examinations sh owed an increased homogeneity among the physicians in the number of abnormal motor nerve segment s and abnormal F wave studies, and a tendency towards increased homogeneity in t he number of abnormal sensory nerve segments. There was also an increased agreem enton pathophysiological PNP classification in the second set of examinations co mpared to the first set. Conclusions: The participation in the ESTEEM project se ems to have impacted the physicians’clinical routine, possibly as they have acc ustomed themselves to apply criteria more strictly. Significance: This study sup port that international collaboration is a useful step towards improvements in e lectrodiagnostic medicine.

关键词： 社会智力   智力研究   神经生理学   研究成果   测评方法   研究者   历史   量表  

摘要： 社会智力研究到今天已经有八十多年的历史了。对于“什么是社会智力”、“如何研究社会智力”不同的人有不同的看法。本文总结了不同研究者提出的社会智力的内涵,讨论了社会智力的测评方法和量表以及关于社会智力的神经生理学研究成果,并对今后社会智力研究的趋势做了探讨。

关键词： 病灶性脑缺血   啮齿动物   病理生理   鼠类   内苯巴比妥丝闭塞模型   神经生理学  

摘要： 病灶性脑缺血的啮齿动物模型对于理解人类中风的病理生理思想很重要。遗传改性鼠的使用促进了鼠类病灶性脑缺血的内苯巴比妥丝闭塞模型的应用。本文研究了延长C5781／6J鼠内苯巴比妥闭塞持续时间对局部缺血损伤的程度、分布及局部血流分布(LCBF)的影响。闭塞15、30或60min，再经24h多次灌注后，对局部缺血损伤进行体积评估。

关键词： 早恋   生殖健康   生理学   健康教育   心理健康  

摘要： 目的 针对青少年中出现性早熟、早恋现象,探索青少年身心健康教育的方法。方法 通过人体生理学 生殖生理功能的教学过程,结合学生青春期生理特征,通过讲授、答疑、交流等形式进行青春期生理、心理健 康教育。结果 在学生学习和理解了性欲望和性冲动的产生原理和规律后,会更理智地处理和拒绝不该发生的 “早恋”现象和不良行为。帮助他们度过性意识启蒙阶段的危险期。结论 以生理学知识为基础,对青少年进行 生殖健康教育,应是青少年身心健康教育有效方式之一。

关键词： 哲学思想   意识论   语言批判   思维方式   神经生理学  

摘要： 一当代意识问题研究中哲学的"尴尬"