关键词： 中枢   神经生理学   下丘脑   食欲   饱食   感觉刺激   胃肠   动物   生理因素   摄食  

摘要： 1动物摄食行为的神经内分泌调节 影响食物摄取的因素有非生理因素(环境等)、生理因素(感觉刺激、胃肠信号、循环因子和化学信号)等(B.A.鲍曼,R.M.拉塞尔[1]).神经生理学研究表明,下丘脑既是动物的皮质植物性中枢,也是神经内分泌的中心,并与边缘系统有密切联系.下丘脑将调节内脏活动与其它生理活动联系起来,既是动物的体温调节中枢、摄食与饱食中枢、水平衡调节中枢,也管理机体的内分泌、情绪反应、生物节律等重要生理过程(姚泰[2]).

关键词： 重复神经刺激   重症肌无力   单纤维   鼻肌   眼型   外展肌   斜方肌   肘后   眼轮匝肌   神经生理学  

摘要： Objective: To correlate repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS)- decrement in different muscles with the predominant clinical presentation in myasthenia gravis (MG), and to study single fibre EMG (SFEMG) sensitivity in ocular MG. Methods: Sixty- nine, untreated, consecutive patients suspected for MG were observed prospectively for a minimum of 6 months. Those who improved on medical treatment were diagnosed as MG. The others, in whom the neurophysiological studies were normal and that did not improve on medical treatment served as a control group, from which normative data for RNS and SFEMG was obtained. The MG patients were further classified in 3 subgroups according to the predominant clinical presentation: group I (ocular); group b (bulbar); and group a (axial). We performed RNS in nasalis, trapezius, anconeus, and abductor digiti minimi. All patients with ocular MG underwent jitter determination of the orbicularis oculi muscle. Results: Thirty- seven patients were diagnosed as MG (group I, 15; group b, 13; group a, 9). In group I, RNS was abnormal in 33% of the patients. RNS studies disclosed at least one abnormal muscle response in every patient in groups a and b. Trapezius was significantly more sensitive in group a, and anconeus and nasalis in group b (P < 0.01). Jitter was abnormal in all patients in group I, and the most sensitive parameter was an increased number of unstable pairs, 100% . Conclusions: Based on these observations, we recommend that a shoulder muscle, as the trapezius, should be studied first in the limb- axial presentation of MG, and the anconeus- nasalis muscles in predominant bulbar MG. In ocular MG, RNS is not sensitive and jitter should be performed in facial muscles. Significance: This paper shows the unequal sensitivity of several muscles to RNS in different forms of MG.

关键词： 形态结构   大鼠脑   电针   成像研究   磁共振   慢性应激抑郁模型   1%蔗糖水摄取量   MRI成像技术   《实验针灸学》   SD雄性大鼠   T2加权成像   T1加权成像   扩散加权成像   表观扩散系数   抑郁模型大鼠   正常组   统计学   ADC值   神经生理学   不可预见性  

摘要： 目的　通过MRI成像技术,观察电针“百会”、“印堂”穴对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠脑形态结构的影响,从神经生理学的角度探讨针刺治疗抑郁症的机理。方法　选择Open field法评分相近的30只成年SD雄性大鼠并将其随机分为正常组、模型组和电针组,每组10只;应用分养和长期不可预见性中等强度应激建造大鼠抑郁模型,电针组参照《实验针灸学》取百会、印堂两穴进行针刺;以Open field实验和糖水消耗实验等方法测定动物的行为变化;多片多回波的T2加权成像、扩散加权成像和翻转恢复的T1加权成像,对照研究各组大鼠脑内形态学及各脑区信号强度的改变。结果　正常组大鼠的体重远高于电针组,且差异有统计学意义,模型组大鼠的体重虽然高于电针组,但差异无统计学意义;模型组大鼠的1%蔗糖水摄取量明显低于正常组和电针组,且差异有统计学意义,正常组高于电针组,但差异无统计学意义;采用Open field法检测大鼠活动性,电针组、模型组分别与正常组比较,水平运动次数、垂直运动次数均明显降低并且差异有统计学意义。电针组与模型组相比较差异均无统计学意义;从T2加权像上观察到大鼠脑裂扩大现象,但三组之间并无显著差异;模型组和电针组与正常组相比较,中脑水管的横截面积有增加,统计结果显示三组之间差异有统计学意义;

关键词： 神经生理学   训练技术   中枢神经损伤   运动功能恢复   运动功能障碍   脑血管疾病   康复治疗   运动模式   反射活动   皮肤刺激   神经肌肉   治疗方法   形成过程   理疗法  

摘要： 对于脑血管疾病遗留下来的各种功能障碍,康复治疗是重要的手段之一.神经生理疗法是根据神经生理学理论,利用特殊的运动模式、反射活动、本体和皮肤刺激抑制异常的运动,促进正常的运动,或顺应中枢神经损伤后运动功能恢复的规律,促进运动功能的恢复,以治疗神经肌肉,特别是中枢神经损伤引起的运动功能障碍的一类治疗方法[1].本文将过去涉及到的许多种神经生理学理论和技术及形成过程,予以简要回顾.……

关键词： 阿尔茨海默病   自然史   纵向研究   族性   神经心理学   智能缺陷   疾病晚期   神经生理学   进展过程   状态检测  

摘要： Background: Knowledge of the evolution of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer dise ase is important for our understanding of disease progression. Previous reports, however, have either lacked detail or have not covered the presymptomatic stage s. Objective: To delineate the onset and progression of clinical and neuropsycho logical abnormalities in familial Alzheimer disease. Methods: Nineteen subjects with familial Alzheimer disease underwent serial clinical and neuropsychological assessments. Eight of these had undergone presymptomatic assessments. The follo w up period was 1 to 10 years (mean, 5 years). The relative timing of the occur rence of 3 markers of disease onset and progression (onset of symptoms, Mini Me ntal State Examination score ≤24, and impaired score on a range of neuropsychol ogical tests) were compared using the binomial exact test. Results: Neurological abnormalities were not prominent, although myoclonus appeared early in some. Mi ni Mental State Examination score was not sensitive to early disease. Memory an d general intelligence deficits appeared at an earlier stage, in some patients w hen pre symptomatic. Perceptual, naming, and especially spelling skills were pr eserved to a late stage. Conclusion: Familial Alzheimer disease may have a long prodromal phase of several years with subtle deficits initially of general intel ligence and memory, while spelling, naming, and perception are relatively preser ved until a late stage.

关键词： 打击乐   乐器   手臂   研究内容   思维方式   神经生理学   心理学   作品   教学   音乐学院  

摘要： 思维是哲学、心理学、神经生理学及其他学科的重要研究内容,本文不探讨“思维是什么?”,而是表述具体思维方式在打击乐的学习及教学中的应用, 这首先基于我在教学中的感触。一、胸有成竹在教学时,首先,我们会告诉学生站立或就坐的位置、身体与乐器的距离,槌与乐器的角度、手与槌接触的位置、手臂与槌的方位。

关键词： STIMULATION  

摘要： It took decades to accept that dystonia, a bizarre condition which often produces abnormal movements exclusively during specific activities like writing, was due to brain disease. Clinical neurophysiology certainly added to this evolution of thinking. Recent neurophysiological observations demonstrate that dystonia is not only due to an isolated brain motor dysfunction, but also to sensory and sensorimotor integration disturbances. We hope that new treatment strategies will arise thanks to our better understanding of dystonia pathophysiology.

关键词： TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION   ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX   REACTION-TIME   PARKINSONS-DISEASE   MASKED STIMULI   ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE   INFORMATION-TRANSMISSION   POTENTIALS   TASK   EXCITABILITY  

摘要： Some widely used tasks in cognitive neuroscience depend oil the induction of a response conflict between choice alternatives, involving partial activation of the incorrect response before the correct response is emitted. Although Such "conflict tasks" are often used to investigate frontal-lobe-based conflict-monitoring processes, it is not known how response competition evolves in the motor cortex. To investigate the dynamics of motor cortex activation during response competition, we used a subliminal priming task that induced response competition while bypassing preresponse stage processing conflict. Analyses of movement-related EEG potentials supported an interaction between competing responses characterized by reciprocal inhibition. Inhibitory interactions between response channels contribute to the resolution of response conflict. However, the reciprocal inhibition at motor cortex level seemed to operate independent of higher level conflict-monitoring processes, which were relatively insensitive to response conflict induced by subliminal priming. These results elucidate how response conflict causes interference as well as the conditions under which Frontal-lobe-based interference control processes are engaged.

关键词： dreams   REM sleep   psychology   neurophysiology   psychoanalysis   activation-synthesis   REM-SLEEP   EYE-MOVEMENTS   MEMORY PROCESSES   BODY MOTILITY   STATES   ACTIVATION   BRAIN   DEPRIVATION   CHILDREN   CYCLE  

摘要： The discovery of the close association between rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and dreaming and development of sleep laboratory techniques ushered in a new era in the study of dreams. For the first time, direct and systematic investigation could be made of such topics as the occurrence, qualities, recollection, and childhood development of dreaming. Experimental methodologies permitted investigation of the responsiveness of dreams to external stimulation and the effects of deprivation of REM sleep. Much effort was devoted to searching for parallels between physiological aspects of REM sleep and characteristics of associated dreams, with modest results. The leading theory of dreaming in the early decades of this research was the psychoanalytic, which views dreams as highly meaningful reflections of unconscious mental functioning. With developments in understanding of the neurophysiology of REM sleep, new theories of dreaming were proposed. The most prominent, the activation-synthesis hypothesis, derived its view of dreaming directly from the neurophysiology of REM sleep, in particular the role of the brain stem, and in its original form regarded dreams as not essentially meaningful. Further developments in neurobiological research, including lesion and brain imaging studies, have established a clearer view of the functional neuroanatomy of REM sleep and dreaming. To what degree, and in what way, implications can be drawn from these findings for the psychology of dreaming is controversial. Some more recent theories of dreaming emphasize an adaptive function related to emotion and a role in learning and memory consolidation.

关键词： 飞行员   晕厥   心理生理学  

摘要： 某歼教-5飞行员，25岁，飞行时间720h。在一次昼间简单特技飞行中，坐前舱操纵飞机，在4000m做60°盘旋时出现头昏、眼花、心悸、出汗、乏力等症状。约2min后意识丧失，持续约15s。当时天气状况良好，飞机加速度值2～3G。出现上述不适症状时该飞行员及时提醒后舱飞行员接替驾驶。后者立即报告地面指挥员，提前返场，安全着陆。