关键词： 脑卒中偏瘫   治疗思想   现代康复医学   易化技术   神经生理学   生物力学   观察   运动训练   科学知识   理论指导  

摘要： 运动控制训练是脑卒中偏瘫治疗的重要内容,其是以运动学、生物力学及神经生理学为基础理论的一种方法.Brunnstrom、Rood、Bobath、Knott、Voss等现代康复医学的先驱们,从当时的科学知识和自己的观察,提出了他们的理论和治疗思想,形成了系列的易化技术(facilitation techniques,FT),弥补了传统运动疗法的不足,推动了康复医学事业的发展.例如:令偏瘫患者用瘫痪侧的上肢取身体前方的杯子,如果让患者的颜面转向瘫痪侧,则容易伸展上肢而拿到杯子,反之则困难.这里实际是应用了神经生理学中的非对称性紧张性颈反射的原理诱导了伸肌兴奋,克服屈肌的异常张力.可以认为目前许多脑卒中患者肢体康复的基本训练方法都是那个历史年代的方法延续和发展.

关键词： Adult   Anxiety   Biofeedback (Psychology)   Brain Injuries   Depression   Female   Humans   Neuropsychology   Psychophysiology   Sex Offenses   Stress Disorders   Post-Traumatic   Treatment Outcome  

摘要： Depression and high anxiety were problems, but the client was able to control her moods and felt more in control. She feared physical attacks that might happen at any time. The client had symptoms of PTSD, including nightmares, poor sleep quality and quantity, elevated hypertension, and hypervigilance outside of the treatment setting. The client exhibited unreliable short-term memory when distracted. She had impulsivity and poor social judgment when stressed. The client was able to perform relaxation techniques at an appropriate level and indicated she had more self-control of her blood pressure. Although she was able to control blood pressure and finger temperature within the first 5 minutes of each session, it took longer for her to relax muscles. Several problem-solving skills were challenges, but she did exhibit the following strengths: Decreased hand spasms Relaxed shoulder muscles Decreased frequency of negative thoughts Moderated depressed feelings Elimination of nightmares Elimination of headaches Decreased panic.

关键词： 心理学   生理学   教学  

摘要： 目的总结心理学原理在生理学教学中的应用。方法讨论心理现象与生理学教学的关系。结果心理学原理与生理学教学是相互影响、相互联系的。结论将心理学原理应用于生理学教学,能有效地促进生理学教与学。

关键词： 作物生理   会议   农业   学术研讨会   作物生理学   中华人民共和国  

关键词： Diagnostic Techniques   Neurological   Neurophysiology   Physician's PracticePatterns  

摘要： Background Cork University Hospital (CUH) provides a tertiary service for all neurophysiology referrals in the Southern Health Board region. Aim To ascertain the number, source, symptoms and diagnosis of neurophysiology referrals at CUH. Methods We did a prospective audit of the referral patterns to the neurophysiology department over a 12-week period. Results Of 635 referrals, 254 had electromyograms (EMG), 359 had electro-encephalograms (EEG), 18 had visual evoked potentials (VEP), three had somato-sensory evoked potentials (SSEP) and one had multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT). We analysed the demographic pattern, reason for referrals, the average waiting time for neurophysiology tests and the patterns of diagnosis in this audit. Conclusions Patients from County Cork are making more use of the neurophysiology services than patients from other counties within the Southern Health Board. The average waiting time for an EEG was 32 days and for an EMG was 74 days. However, more than 35% of those patients waiting for an EEG or an EMG had their tests done within four weeks of referral. The appointments of EEG and EMG were assigned on the basis of clinical need.

关键词： 神经生理学   上下视野不对称性   局部几何性质   行为学方法   事件相关电位  

摘要： 以往的许多视觉研究中(包括解剖学、行为学和神经生理学研究)都发现了上下视野的不对称性。尤其是行为学实验中发现，注意在上下视野间也存在不对称性，下视野的注意分辨能力更高。与行为学研究相比，目前在神经生理学方面还没有就注意的上下视野不对称性问题进行针对性的研究。\n 我们首先通过行为学方法对比研究了在分辨拓扑性质和分辨局部几何性质时上下视野不对称性的表现。结果显示，分辨拓扑性质时上下视野间的差异很小(或没有)，而分辨局部几何性质时上下视野间有明显差异，并且一致地表现为下视野优势。这样的结果反映了拓扑性质检测较少地受到上下视野因素的影响，而下视野的优势主要是对局部几何性质检测的优势。\n 我们又进一步用事件相关电位的方法研究了上下视野不对称性的神经机制。我们的脑电研究共采用了两种实验模式：持续注意模式和转移注意模式。实验结果显示，在这两种实验模式下，上下视野不对称性都主要发生在信息处理的较早期阶段和大脑视区的较低级区域。我们在ERP早期成分中发现了注意效应在上下视野间存在差异：在下视野的注意调节较在上视野要小，从而通过脑电指标明确支持了注意在上下视野存在不对称性。

关键词： 电生理学   慢性病   神经生理学   乙烷/中毒   人类  

摘要： 目的:探讨慢性正己烷中毒对神经系统的损害。方法:对42例患者进行了肌电图、神经传导速度及体感诱发电位检测。结果:31例有不同程度神经电生理指标异常,占检测总数的73.8%。结论:检测结果说明神经系统的损害是广泛的,必须避免在没有保护的环境中长期接触含有正己烷类有毒有害化合物。

关键词： 神经生理学   电生理学神经瘤,听   显微外科手术  

摘要： 目的 :探讨和分析听神经瘤切除术对面听神经的保留意义 .方法 :12 0例听神经瘤患者 ,采用枕下乙状窦后入路 ,显微外科切除肿瘤 .手术中间行面听神经监测 ,术后对面听神经功能进行评估 .术后随访 0 .5～ 5a .结果 :肿瘤全切除10 8例 (90 % ) ,近全切 5例 (4 .2 % ) ,次全切 7例 (5 .8% ) .面神经解剖保留 10 6例 (88.3% ) ,未能解剖保留面神经 14例 (11.7% ) ;听神经解剖保留 82例 (6 8.3% ) ,未能解剖保留听神经38例 (31.7% ) ,保留有用听力 39例 (32 .5 % ) .结论 :术中电生理监测可以准确判断面听神经的位置、了解面听神经与肿瘤的病理解剖关系 ,从而避免损伤神经 .同时采用显微外科技术切除听神经瘤 ,对于保留面听神经临床效果满意 .

关键词： 脑电图   临床   神经生理学   修订方案   增补   发表   术语   国际标准  

摘要： 关于脑电图的术语,国际脑电图及临床神经生理学会联盟也曾设立专门委员会进行研究,并且于1965年正式发表脑电图统一术语试行方案.以后在此基础上不断增补完善,至1973年专门委员会又发表了脑电图统一术语修订版方案.新的修订方案一经问世,很快在世界范围内被广泛接受,特别是得到了各地临床脑电图学家的肯定和推崇,以至于修订方案延用至今.

关键词： education   low back pain   multidisciplinary pain management  

摘要： Objectives: Cognitive-behavioral pain management programs typically achieve improvements in pain cognitions, disability, and physical performance. However, it is not known whether the neurophysiology education component of such programs contributes to these outcomes. In chronic low back pain patients, we investigated the effect of neurophysiology education on cognitions, disability, and physical performance. Methods: This study was a blinded randomized controlled trial. Individual education sessions on neurophysiology of pain (experimental group) and back anatomy and physiology (control group) were conducted by trained physical therapist educators. Cognitions were evaluated using the Survey of Pain Attitudes (revised) (SOPA(R)), and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Behavioral measures included the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and 3 physical performance tasks;(1) straight leg raise (SLR), (2) forward bending range, and (3) an abdominal "drawing-in" task, which provides a measure of voluntary activation of the deep abdominal muscles. Methodological checks evaluated non-specific effects of intervention. Results: There was a significant treatment effect on the SOPA(R), PCS, SLR, and forward bending. There was a statistically significant effect on RMDQ;however, the size of this effect was small and probably not clinically meaningful. Discussion: Education about pain neurophysiology changes pain cognitions and physical performance but is insufficient by itself to obtain a change in perceived disability. The results suggest that pain neurophysiology education, but not back school type education, should be included in a wider pain management approach.