关键词： 神经生理学 研究生 教材  

ISBN: (纸本)7117061065

摘要： 本书分神经系统的细胞学和信息传递；神经系统的发生及老化；感觉与运动和脑的高级功能及病变四大篇，共计三十二章。

关键词： Aged   Autonomic Nervous System/physiology*   Cerebral Cortex/physiology*   Cerebral Cortex/radionuclide imaging   Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology*   Cognition/physiology   Emotions/physiology   Female   Heart/innervation   Heart/physiology*   Heart Rate/physiology*   Humans   Male   Memory, Short-Term/physiology*   Middle Aged   Tomography, Emission-Computed  

摘要： The aim of the present study was to characterize the functional relationships between behaviorally evoked regional brain activation and cardiac autonomic activity in humans. Concurrent estimates of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF;obtained by positron emission tomography), heart period, and high-frequency heart period variability (HF-HPV-1 an indicator of cardiac parasympathetic activity) were examined in 93 adults (aged 50-70 years) who performed a series of increasingly difficult working-memory tasks. Increased task difficulty resulted in decreased heart period (indicating cardioacceleration) and decreased HF-HPV (indicating decreased cardiac parasympathetic activity). Task-induced decreases in heart period and HF-HPV were associated with concurrent increases and decreases in rCBF to cortical and subcortical brain regions that are speculated to regulate cardiac autonomic activity during behavioral processes: the medial-prefrontal, insular, and anterior cingulate cortices, the amygdala-hippocampal complex, and the cerebellum. These findings replicate and extend a small number of functional neuroimaging studies that suggest all important role for both cortical and subcortical brain systems in human cardiac autonomic regulation.

关键词： age differences   pain threshold   nociception   endogenous analgesic systems   pain pathophysiology  

摘要： Objective: To better understand the nature of age differences in pain and nociception with the aging of the worlds' population. Methods: The evidence from numerous neurophysiologic and psychological studies suggest a small, but demonstrable age-related impairment in the early warning functions of pain. The increase in pain perception threshold and the widespread change in the structure and function of peripheral and CNS nociceptive pathways may place the older person at greater risk of injury. Moreover, the reduced efficacy of endogenous analgesic systems, a decreased tolerance of pain and the slower resolution of postinjury hyperalgesia may make it more difficult for the older adult to cope, once injury has occurred. Results: These age-related changes may be best conceptualized as a reduced capacity in the functional reserve of the pain system, at both ends of the intensity spectrum. Discussion: The clinical implications are obvious;older persons are likely to be especially vulnerable to the negative impacts of pain and pain associated events.

关键词： 现代应激理论   非稳态负荷   心理生理学   心理学应激  

摘要： 现代应激理论中“非稳态负荷”的概念、分类、对机体的影响及其意义。

关键词： 海水鱼类   仔稚鱼   消化生理   消化酶   饵料   生长发育  

摘要： 综述了海水鱼类仔稚鱼消化系统的发育过程 ,讨论了消化系统中各种酶的分布以及各发育时期参与消化的酶的种类及其活性 ,分析了饵料与消化系统中酶的互动关系 ,以及外源性消化酶和神经肽在仔稚鱼消化过程中所起的作用。

关键词： serum protein   protein digestion   amino acid catabolism   fish larvae   Atlantic halibut   Atlantic salmon  

摘要： A radioactive soluble model protein for studies of protein digestion, absorption and amino acid (AA) metabolism in larval fish was successfully produced in Atlantic salmon by oral administration of uniformly [U]-C-14-labelled amino acids followed by blood sample withdrawal (48 h post-administration) and purification. The salmon serum protein (C-14-SSP) was characterised in terms of the protein composition and specific activity of its amino acids. Most radioactivity was found in the three most abundant serum proteins, which had apparent molecular weights of 65, 75 and 120 kDa, respectively, of which labelling was found in all the amino acid residues of the SSP that were analysed. The digestibility of the C-14-SSp was tested by in vivo tube feeding using early stages of Atlantic halibut and was found to be more efficiently digested and utilised than the C-14-methylated bovine serum albumin (C-14-BSA) that has been used in previous studies. This supports the notion that proteins labelled by 14 C-methylation are not suitable as model proteins in metabolic studies due to modification of their 14C-methylated lysine residues. Further studies on the 14C-SSP demonstrated a digestibility of 59 + 13% in juvenile halibut, while at the pre-metamorphic stage, it was only 25 13%. This supports the hypothesis that there is a significant improvement in the ability to digest and utilise dietary proteins as the digestive system becomes fully developed, including a functional (acid-producing) stomach. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 植物生理学   实验教学   教学改革   高校   综合性实验   探究性实验   验证性实验  

摘要： 为了适应高校实验教学改革的要求,培养面向21世纪高素质的人才,本文在教学实践的基础上,提出对植物生理实验教学进行改革的一些构想。对“验证性”实验给予肯定,并提出加强和改进措施。在此基础上,又提出了增设“综合性”实验和“探究性”实验的设想。

关键词： 帕金森病   事件相关电位   神经生理学   诊断  

摘要： 对34例Webester计分小于10分的帕金森病患者(帕金森病组)及40例正常健康查体者(对照组)进行事件相关电位检测。结果帕金森病组N2,P3潜伏期犤(281.0±31.7)ms,(367.0±32.4)ms犦较对照组犤(233.0±33.5)ms,(314.0±29.7)ms犦明显延长,阳性率前者为47.1%,后者为22.5%。结果表明事件相关电位检测无创伤性、结果敏感可靠,对早期诊断帕金森病有参考意义。

关键词： 压力性尿失禁   神经   肛提肌   肌电图   神经传导  

摘要： 本文主要论述了压力性尿失禁 (SUI)发病的神经损伤机制在神经生理学方面的表现。大多数研究证实SUI患者肛提肌的肌电图存在失神经支配和再神经支配改变 ,同时支配盆底肌的神经传导速度下降及潜伏期延长 ,可见SUI的神经损伤机制的确在疾病的发生发展中起重要作用。本文还提出了发生盆底神经损伤的危险因素以及SUI的盆底功能锻炼和电刺激疗法等治疗措施。

关键词： 中西医结合医学   中国科学院   韩济生   针灸  

摘要： 韩济生，男，1928年7月出生，浙江省萧山县人，汉族。1952年毕业于上海医学院，现任北京大学神经科学研究所所长，博士生导师。1984年被评为国家有突出贡献的科学家，1990年起享受国务院颁发的政府特殊津贴，1993年被选为中国科学院院士。