关键词： 视神经 人体生理学 高等学校 教材  

ISBN: (纸本)9787117145879

摘要： 本书为全国高等学校视光学专业本科教材的修订版。在充分听取和吸收了各高校和使用单位的反馈意见和建议，并根据卫生部全国高等学校教材的原则和基本要求，对新版《视觉神经生理学》的布局、格式等进行了较大篇幅的调整。对各章节内容进行了更新、充实、修改，注意国内外视觉科学的新进展，新技术，同时也作了必要的调整、删减。诸如：第一章“概论”增加了视觉心理物理学和视觉神经生理学的内容；将“视知觉的研究方法”的内容并人“概论”；重新编写了视觉的神经机制部分；增加了“视觉发育”的内容；在“视网膜电图”部分增加了近年来关于视网膜电图各波起源研究的成果。这使得该教材的逻辑性、科学性、系统性、可读性更强，更符合教学规律。

关键词： 电生理学   神经生理学   腕管综合征   正中神经   人类  

摘要： 目的:探讨神经电生理检测对非典型腕管综合征(CTS)的诊断价值。方法:对16例CTS患者测定双侧正中神经运动传导速度(MCV)和感觉传导速度(SCV),其中14例用微移法(inching technique)检测腕部正中神经,13例行肌电图(EMG)检查。结果:16例CTS患者中,15例正中神经末端运动潜伏期(DML)延长(>4.5ms);14例SVC减慢(<46m/s);14例微移法检测患者均有腕部正中神经传导阻滞(>0.5ms/cm);13例肌电图检测患者中8例有神经源性肌电改变。正中神经微移法检测是4项检查中最为敏感的指标。结论:在临床症状不明显时,神经电生理检查是发现和诊断CTS最有效的方法之一。

关键词： Electric Stimulation   Electrophysiology   Neurophysiology   电刺激   电生理学   神经生理学   Electrophysiology   Electric Stimulation Therapy   Histidine   Electricity   Neurophysiology   Behavior Disorders   Personality Disorders   Electric Stimulation   universities  

摘要： Two hundred years ago, Giovanni Aldini published a highly influential book that reported experiments in which the principles of Luigi Galvani (animal electricity) and Alessandro Volta (bimetallic electricity) were used together for the first time. Aldini was born in Bologna in 1762 and graduated in physics at the University of his native town in 1782. As nephew and assistant of Galvani, he actively participated in a series of crucial experiments with frog's muscles that led to the idea that electricity was the long-sought vital force coursing from brain to muscles. Aldini became professor of experimental physics at the University of Bologna in 1798. He traveled extensively throughout Europe, spending much time defending the concept of his discreet uncle against the incessant attacks of Volta, who did not believe in animal electricity. Aldini used Volta's bimetallic pile to apply electric current to dismembered bodies of animals and humans; these spectacular galvanic reanimation experiments made a strong and enduring impression on his contemporaries. Aldini also treated patients with personality disorders and reported complete rehabilitation following transcranial administration of electric current. Aldini's work laid the ground for the development of various forms of electrotherapy that were heavily used later in the 19th century. Even today, deep brain stimulation, a procedure currently employed to relieve patients with motor or behavioral disorders, owes much to Aldini and galvanism. In recognition of his merits, Aldini was made a knight of the Iron Crown and a councillor of state at Milan, where he died in 1834.

关键词： 神经生理学 文集  

ISBN: (纸本)7040152789

摘要： 本书为2004年海内外华人中青年学者神经科学研讨会论文集。全书分为神经发育、生长与老化；神经损伤与修复；神经信号跨突触、跨膜和胞内转导机制；感觉与运动；高级脑功能以及神经退行性疾病发病机理与治疗六部分内容。

关键词： 声乐教学   基础理论课   生理   心理   物理   科学   学科建设  

摘要： 目前国内的声乐教学以小课为主，依赖于传统的、五花八门的、通常基于教师主观经验的呼吸发声训练，师生对于歌唱的机理和心理的系统了解不够。而事实上与声乐相关的科学研究已较为成熟，声乐训练的方法在不失多样性的同时，也具有相对统一的原理和科学原则。因此有必要也有可能开设一门声乐基础理论课，系统的教授与歌唱有关的生理、心理甚至物理学的知识，使声乐教学置于科学的基础之上，以提高教学效果，完善学科建设。

关键词： 脑烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体   生物效应   分子生物学   nAChR   拮抗剂   神经生理学  

摘要： 烟碱(Nicotine)是烟草中具有很高生物活性的化合物,能影响哺乳动物的呼吸、循环、运动、学习、记忆及情绪。一个多世纪的研究表明,烟碱主要作用于烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR),介导其生物效应。

关键词： 肌阵挛   病因   神经生理学   治疗   肌张力障碍:   震颤  

关键词： chaos   cognition   EEG   epilepsy   synchronization  

摘要： With the advent of the modern theory of nonlinear dynamic systems (chaos theory), new concepts and analytical tools have become available to extract more information from complex signals such as the EEG. This paper gives a brief introduction to the main ideas and basic principles of chaos theory. Additionally, application of nonlinear analysis to EEG is illustrated with examples from two fields:])prediction and detection of epileptic seizures;2) characterization of functional interactions between brain regions in normal and disturbed cognition. While the prediction of seizures with nonlinear EEG analysis is currently the cause of much excitement, there are still many controversies. The more modest goal of detecting seizures in patients in neonatal and adult intensive care wards, however, has been shown to be much closer to practical clinical implementation. Nonlinear analysis of functional interactions between brain regions with the synchronization likelihood shows how optimal information processing may depend upon a delicate balance between coupling and uncoupling. Finally it is suggested how the notion of synchronization between dynamic systems can be used to formulate a general concept ("fragile binding") of normal and abnormal brain function.

关键词： DURKHEIMIAN school of sociology   RELIGION   NEUROSCIENCES   NEUROPHYSIOLOGY   AROUSAL (Physiology)  

摘要： Durkheimian solidarity, especially in regard to religion, is reanalyzed in terms of recent developments in the neurosciences and evolution. Neurophysiological studies indicate that religious arousers can piggyback on reward circuitry established by natural selection for interpersonal attachments. This piggybacking is rooted in uneven evolutionary changes in cognitive capacities, emotional arousal capabilities, and pre-conscious screening rules for rewarding arousal release. Uneven development means that only a special class of enhanced arousers embedded in macro social structures can tap some of the reservoirs of expanded arousal release protected by these screening rules. It becomes imperative that part of collective social life offers these special arouser packages. Beginning with religion and inequality, the social construction of enhanced arousers leaves a trail across human history. However, this trail is not quite what Durkheim had in mind.

关键词： Adolescent   Brain   Child   Child   Preschool   Cognition   Electroencephalography   Human   Infant   Infant   Newborn