关键词： 神经元   脑片   在体膜片钳技术   神经生理学   药理学  

摘要： 离子通道是神经及肌肉、腺体等组织细胞膜上的一类蛋白结构,对细胞功能发挥具有重大意义.为探究离子通道功能和结构,许多电生理技术被发明创造.20世纪70年代,德国Max-Planck(马普)生物物理化学研究所的Neher等[1]发明了膜片钳技术(patch clamp technique),把电生理的研究精度提高到1 pA的电流分辨率,1 μm的空间分辨率和10 μs的时间分辨率的记录水平,因此获得了1991年诺贝尔医学和生理学奖.

关键词： Biopsychosocial approach   Clinical psychophysiology   Integrative treatment   Primary care  

摘要： In the beginning of the 21st century, a need for a different medical approach arises among the medical systems in the world. This new attitude, beyond laboratory tests, imaging procedures, and pharmacological treatment, emphasizes the significance of the role of the patient, and transfers the control to the patient himself and his/her family. This is the biopsychosocial medical approach. In such a system the medical staff considers not only the traditional biological factors, but also the mental and environmental factors, when it plans the treatment course. The lack of consideration of the real medical and psychological needs of the patient can result in misuse of essential resources. It can also lead to the frustration of the patient and the medical personnel. Clinical psychophysiology is a treatment implementation of the biopsychosocial approach, and it is supposed -to meet the biological and psychological needs of the patient. The biopsychosocial method integrates physiological treatments and behaviorcognitive care. The article describes in detail various processes of the clinical psychophysiology, according to the current professional literature. We conclude that the clinical psychophysiology might be useful in treating many problems in primary medicine, such as chronic pain, hypertension, sleep disturbances, and attention disorders. The primary care system is the optimal place to practice the biopsychosocial method, and the challenge is to develop the appropriate doctrines, which would enable the medical staff to help the patients in need. In the article we discuss in details five strategies which allow broader use of the instruments of the clinical psychophysiology: 1) Expansion of doctors education;2) Allied health professionals involvement;3) Integration of behavioral medical treatment in primary care;4) Causing effective modification with minimal medical staff contiguity;5) Referral for follow-up treatment. The clinical psychophysiology, in the framework of

关键词： 1932年   谢林顿   爱德里安   神经生理学   研究成果   诺贝尔奖  

摘要： 1932年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖,由查尔斯·斯克特·谢林顿(Charles Scott Sherrington)爵士和埃德加·道格拉斯·爱德里安(Edgar Douglas Adrian)分享,以表彰他们在神经生理学领域的研究成果。

关键词： 运动疗法   脑卒中   偏瘫   康复   治疗器械   神经生理学  

摘要： 运动疗法是根据疾病特点和患者功能情况,借助治疗器械和/或治疗者的手法操作以及患者自身参与,通过主动和/或被动的方式来改善人体局部或整体的功能,提高身体素质满足日常生活需求的一种治疗方法。而其利用脑卒中偏瘫特点,根据神经生理学和发育学原理来促进中枢神经系统的功能康复,一般包括Bobath技术,Rood技术,PNF技术,Brunnstrom技术等,运动疗法是脑卒中偏瘫康复基本手段之一犤1-2犦。

关键词： 青年科技人才   作物栽培学   作物生理学   学术思想   学科建设   科研方向   中国   学术研讨会  

关键词： organic solvents   chronic toxic encephalopathy   neurotoxicity  

摘要： The purpose of the present review is to assess the evidence published in scientific literature that industrial organic solvents as a generic group have the ability to induce long-term nervous system damage in workers that can be detected by techniques other than neuropsychological testing. The main body of evidence considered in this review was 40 studies involving the use of brain imaging, neurophysiological testing, gross autopsy or histopathology in groups of workers with long-term solvent exposure. Case reports involving both solvent abuse and occupational exposure, and experimental animal data have also been reviewed as supporting data. A number of the studies in groups of workers provide evidence of the presence of marginal atrophic abnormalities in the brain or deficits in nerve conduction velocity in solvent-exposed workers. However, there are limitations in the design of many of these studies, the strength of association between exposure and effect is not consistently strong, no dose-response relationship can be detected, the reported changes lack specificity and there is no coherence between the human and experimental animal data. Overall, it is not possible to draw reliable conclusions with respect to the presence or absence of nervous system damage related to the common properties of organic solvents. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

关键词： 神经生理学   钾通道   抗体   肌强直   获得性神经性肌强直  

摘要： 钾离子通道是人体神经元、心肌细胞上分布最为密集、功能最为重要的一种通道,对于细胞膜兴奋性的维持、动作电位的延缓、成簇放电的频率、神经网络的学习记忆储存等具有重要作用.

关键词： 认知差异性   神经生理学   个体   母语   第二语言   脑语言细胞   语言习得   语言信息处理  

摘要： 个体对母语和第二语言的认知往往出现差异。缘于母语抓住了个体语言习得的最关键时期并以极大的信息量早早地占据了个体大脑的言语中枢,并与脑语言细胞相互作用、相互影响,在大脑建立了母语认知构架。当第二语言信息滞后地进入大脑言语中枢时,个体也试图去构建第二语言认知构架,但受母语认知构架的负迁移,构建过程异常艰难。同时,个体运用第二语言时也不能像运用母语那样自然。

关键词： 儿童   听力检查   前庭耳蜗神经疾病   诱发性耳声发射   耳蜗微音电位  

摘要： 目的 分析小儿听神经病(AN)神经生理学特点,探讨其在诊断和治疗方面的意义。方法 对13例小儿患者在采集病史和耳科检查的基础上,行系统的听力学检查,包括声导抗、听性脑干反应(ABR)、耳蜗微音电位(CM)、诱发耳声发射(EOAEs)、中潜伏期反应(MLR)和事件相关电位(ERP)以及影像学(CT和/或MRI)和周围神经系统检查。结果 13例患儿鼓室图均呈“A”型、镫骨肌反射及ABR均引不出或明显异常,但CM均正常。除1例有新生儿缺血缺氧史的患儿EOAEs未引出,其余12例皆正常引出。8例患儿记录到MLR,6例可记录到ERP。6例患儿影像学和周围神经系统未见异常。结论 对小儿AN的诊断应着重分析其神经生理学特点。对高危新生儿的听力筛查推荐联合应用EOAEs、ABR和CM,以免漏诊、误诊。

关键词： Infarction   Spinal Cord Injuries  

摘要： F-wave abnormalities, in the presence of normal distal motor nerve conduction, most often are the first indicators of proximal peripheral nerve dysfunction in demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies. However, a 15-year-old female-who developed lumbosacral spinal cord infarction with paraplegia, sensory loss, and incontinence beginning 15 hours after a fall-studied electrophysiologically at 2 days postparaplegia manifested absent lower-extremity f-waves and H-reflexes and normal compound muscle action potentials and distal motor and sensory conduction velocities. Subsequent evaluations demonstrated permanent loss of compound muscle action potentials, f-waves, and H-reflexes and prominent acute denervation in paralyzed lower-extremity muscles. Thus early f-wave and H-reflex loss can also occur in spinal cord disease, thereby representing the first evidence of motoneuron destruction. (C) 2003 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.