关键词： subthalamic nucleus   neurophysiology, intraoperative   Parkinson's disease   deep brain stimulation  

摘要： Though intraoperative neurophysiology is essential to precisely define the definitive target, little is known regarding its predictive value in defining the most effective contact for chronic deep brain stimulation. In this retrospective study, we reviewed the correlation between intraoperative neurophysiology and contacts selected for chronic stimulation. Twenty consecutive patients implanted for subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation were reviewed. There was no significant correlation between the electrophysiologically defined STN and the most effective contact for chronic stimulation at 3 months or at 6 months. Furthermore, there was a discrepancy between the most effective contact for rigidity versus akinesia or tremor at 3 months. Interestingly, at 3 months, the same electrode contact was maximally efficient for rigidity, akinesia and tremor in only 13 of the 39 cases. This lack of correlation did not affect the global improvement. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel.

关键词： neuromuscular junction   neuromuscular transmission   sodium channels   acetylcholine esterase   transmitter release   quantal transmitter release   safety factor   contractility   skeletal muscle  

摘要： This manuscript reviews the physiology of neuromuscular transmission with emphasis on four features: (1) the structure of the neuromuscular junction, (2) release of vesicles of acetylcholine from the nerve terminal, (3) the roles of postsynaptic Na+ channels and acetylcholine receptors in converting the chemical signal from the nerve terminal into a propagated action potential on the muscle fiber, and (4) the safety factor for neuromuscular transmission. It also introduces new information about how the neuromuscular junction maintains physiological integrity during muscle fiber stretch and contraction.

关键词： 社会学   神经生理学   神经系统   注意力缺陷障碍伴多动   综述  

摘要： 注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)已不再认为是由单一因素造成的。本文就近10年来国内外学者的研究动态,从ADHD的遗传学、神经生理、生化学、神经系统解剖学及社会心??学等诸方面,对ADHD的病因及发病机制进行综述,对今后ADHD的诊断、治疗提供参考依据。

关键词： Cytokine   Immunogenetics   Major depression   Psychoneuroimmunology   Schizophrenia   Sickness behavior  

摘要： Recent research has overcome the old paradigms of the brain as an immunologically privileged organ, and of the exclusive role of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides as signal transducers in the central nervous system. Growing evidence suggests that the signal proteins of the immune system - the cytokines - are also involved in modulation of behavior and induction of psychiatric symptoms. This article gives an overview on the nature of cytokines and the proposed mechanisms of immune-to-brain interaction. The role of cytokines in psychiatric symptoms, syndromes, and disorders like sickness behavior, major depression, and schizophrenia are discussed together with recent immunogenetic findings.

ISBN: (纸本)7030117549

关键词： migraine   chronic headache   serotonin   5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid  

摘要： Although some trace amines have clearly defined roles as neurotransmitters in human, their exact role in the neurophysiology of headache remains unclear. In this study, plasma levels of one trace biogenic amine;serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite;5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection in 50 subjects suffering from chronic headache due to various aetiologies including migraine. Moreover, 30 normal healthy subjects were also included in the study as control group. Results of the present work demonstrated significant decrease in plasma levels of both 5-HT and 5-HIAA in patients with chronic headache as compared with control subjects. Furthermore, 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels were not found to be correlated with the duration of headache, age and sex of the patient groups studied. Moreover, the two parameters exhibited significant decrease in subjects with migraine as compared with subjects with chronic headache due to causes other than migraine. This finding points to the major role played by 5-HT deficiency in the pathophysiology of headache in general and migraine in particular. The identifications of the exact pathophysiology of headache and migraine lead to the development of novel therapeutics for subjects with migraine as well as non migranous chronic headache.

关键词： 神经生理学 文集  

ISBN: (纸本)7040136406

摘要： 本书收录了《外周神经损伤后痛敏的解剖学基础探讨》、《中枢神经系统损伤后细胞存活与神经纤维再生的研究》、《运动视觉感知的神经基础和机制》等51篇文章。

ISBN: (纸本)7030109902

摘要： 本书是神经生物学领域内的一本世界级名著，已出３版，改版为跨世纪的第４版。内容涵盖了神经生物学的方方面面。系统介绍了神经生物学的基本概念、现象，神经系统的功能及其细胞和分子机制。在编写方面，它强调基本概念，做到了深入浅出。全书３００多幅制作精良的插图，图文并茂。

关键词： 鸡鸭   代谢能   氨基酸   纤维   消化生理学   组织解剖学  

摘要： 本研究比较了海兰褐佳蛋公鸡和北京Z系公鸭对典型饲料能量、氨基酸及粗纤维利用的差异，并从消化器官解剖组织学和消化生理学方面比较了鸡和鸭对营养物质消化吸收的特点，系统地阐明了两者对营养物质利用率差异的原因。试验研究分为四部分内容： 一、鸡和鸭对饲料能量、氨基酸及粗纤维利用的比较研究 采用真代谢能法，以每种饲料8只鸡和8只鸭评定了10种饲料(稻谷、玉米、小麦、麸皮、豆粕、花生粕、棉粕、豆油、牛脂、玉米淀粉)的能量、氨基酸及粗纤维利用率。结果表明： 鸡和鸭对饲料能量利用存在明显的差异。AME，除棉粕和玉米淀粉鸭与鸡差异不显著外(P＞0.05)，其余7种饲料AME鸭都比鸡高;TME，玉米淀粉鸭与鸡差异不显著(P＞0.05)，其余8种饲料TME鸭都比鸡高。48小时鸭内源能排泄量(113.10MJ)比鸡(88.88MJ)高(P＜0.01)。所测的7种饲料AAAD和TAAD鸭都比鸡高，48小时鸭内源氨基酸排出量是鸡的2倍多(P＜0.01)。鸭对饲料NDF、ADF的消化率明显高于鸡的。因此，目前养鸭生产中设计鸭日粮时，使用鸡测定的饲料代谢能、可消化氨基酸值是不合理的，很有必要测定鸭常用饲料的营养参数，建立鸭用饲料营养价值表。 二、鸡和鸭消化道内容物pH值和消化酶活性的比较研究 为阐明鸡、鸭对营养物质利用率差异的原因，比较了8只公鸡和8只公鸭消化道内容物酸碱性及体内主要蛋白质消化酶、碳水化合物水解酶和脂肪水解酶活性的差异。结果表明： 鸭消化道前段PH值除口腔比鸡的高外(P＜0.01)，嗉囊、腺胃和肌胃的PH值均比鸡低，而后段消化道从空肠开始到直肠鸭比鸡高(P＜0.05)。 肠道内容物和胰组织中蛋白质消化酶(胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶)活性鸭比鸡高;鸭胰腺组织中脂肪酶的活性高于鸡(P＜0.01);对可溶性碳水化合物消化的酶(淀粉酶和麦芽糖酶)，鸭和鸡差异不显著(P＞0.05)，鸭纤维素酶活高于鸡(P＜0.05)。 中国农业科学院研究生院硕士学位论文 三、食糜在鸡和鸭消化道排空速度和排空率的比较研究 研究了禽别（公鸡和公鸭）和消化道排空期N、8、14、24、32、38、48 小时）对消化道残留内容物含量的影响，比较食糜在鸡和鸭消化道不同部位的排 空速度和排空率。结果表明： 鸭排空速度比鸡快，但鸭消化道总残留干物质量和各段消化道残留干物质量 都较鸡高;食糜在鸭小肠、直肠及整个消化道的排空率低于鸡的;鸭在强饲后 24小时，鸡在32小时其内容物基本排空。在本试验条件下，用Sibbald的TME 法测定饲料代谢能和氨基酸真消化率时，鸡的排空期定为32小时，鸭的排空期 定为24小时为宜。 四、鸡、鸭消化系统解剖组织学的比较研究 比较8只公鸡和8只公鸭消化器官长度、重量以及小肠微绒毛形状和高度等 解剖组织学方面的差别，分析这种因结构上差异形成两者在消化酶的分泌和激 活、食糜的排空速度和物理性消化等方面的不同，以期阐明两者对营养物质利用 率差异的原因。结果表明： 鸭胃、小肠的长度和重量大于鸡的，比鸡发达，但直肠和盲肠与鸡的差异不 显著;鸭胰腺和肝脏的绝对和相对重量都显著高于鸡;鸡和鸭小肠组织结构相似， 十二指肠绒毛最长，并有分支现象，后端绒毛逐渐变短，分支减少。总的来说， 鸭的肠绒毛比鸡短，但肠道的肌肉层较厚，较鸡的发达。