关键词： Cognition   Cortical Synchronization   Evoked Potentials   Motor   Motor Cortex   认知   皮质同步化   诱发电位   运动   运动皮质   运动(Movement)   概率   心理生理学  

摘要： Classical views on the preparation of voluntary movement involve separate motor and cognitive processes. Recent neurophysiological evidence challenges this dichotomy. Recordings from within the motor cortices have demonstrated that cognitive factors modulate neural activity. This issue was examined in event-related desynchronizations (ERDs) by using a goal-directed pointing paradigm. The ERD, which is typically recorded in response to self-paced finger movements, has been demonstrated to reflect specific movement parameters. Cognitive factors were introduced by manipulating probability and the relative direction of the responses in a choice reaction time task. The results demonstrated that probability influences the 20 Hz ERD.

关键词： 神经生理学 医学院校 教材  

ISBN: (纸本)7030097734

关键词： Sexual excitation   control   Female   pharmacological   seconds   Pharmacology   Vaginal Dosage Form   Blood Circulation   Spinal Cord   Sexual Arousal   Vagus Nerve   Adrenergic Fibers   Hypogastric nerve   Neurophysiology   Blood Flow   development model   pelvic nerve  

摘要： Vaginal sexual arousal is a vasocongestive and neuromuscular event controlled by facilitatory parasympathetic and inhibitory sympathetic inputs. Autonomic preganglionic Parasympathetic and inhibitory sympathetic fibers to the vagina and clitoris originate in the spinal cord in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus at the sacral level and in the dorsal gray commissure and The intermediolateral cell column at the thoracolumbar level, respectively. Parasympathetic fibers are conveyed by the pelvic nerve, and sympathetic fibers are conveyed by the hypogastric nerve and the paravertebral sympathetic chain, The activity of these spinal nuclei is controlled by descending projections from the brain and sensory afferens (conveyed in the pudendal, hypogastric, pelvic, and vagus nerves) from the genitalia. A key but unresolved issue concerns the neurotransmitters involved in the control of genital sexual arousal. At the peripheral level, acetylcholine plays a minor role in the regulation of vaginal blood flow, however, recent data suggests that it may be involved in the control of vaginal smooth muscle contractions. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and nitric oxide may be responsible for the increase in vaginal blood flow during sexual arousal, whereas noradrenaline is likely inhibitory Within the central nervous system, serotoninergic projections from the brain to the spinal cord likely inhibit the induction of genital arousal by peripheral informations (spinal reflex). Although some neurotransmitters regulating the display of sexual behavior have been identified (for example, dopamine), their involvement in the control of genital sexual arousal has not been invested. Anatomical and electrophysiological data Point to a contibution of the paraventricular nucleus of be hypothalamus and The median preoptic area, respectively, as key elements in the control of genital arousal. The recent development of models allowing the assessment of vaginal sexual arousal in anesthetized female rats

关键词： clinical neurophysiology   clinical routine   research   Uppsala  

摘要： This is a review of the activities at the Department and Institution of Clinical Neurophysiology at Uppsala University Hospital from 1967 to 2001. The most important routine clinical methods are briefly described, and a summary of some of the research projects is given. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： Rett syndrome   electroencephalography   neurophysiology   epilepsy   evoked potentials   QTc intervals   autonomic dysfunction  

摘要： Neurophysiological evaluations have been widely applied in the study of Rett syndrome (RS) to provide information concerning the developmental aspects of RS, the character and extent of involvement of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous system pathways;and evaluation of the clinical symptomatology of RS. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is invariably abnormal and shows characteristic, though not diagnostic, changes: loss of expected developmental features;the appearance of focal, multifocal, and generalized epileptiform abnormalities;and the occurrence of rhythmic slow (theta) activity primarily in the frontal-central regions. Epileptic seizures are reported to occur frequently in RS, and partial and generalized seizures may be experienced by RS girls. However, many events presumed to be seizures have no EEG correlate during video-EEG monitoring, suggesting the possibility of a nonepileptic mechanism. Such monitoring may be necessary to determine appropriate use of antiepileptic drugs. Evoked potentials typically demonstrate intact peripheral auditory and visual pathways and suggest dysfunction of central or "higher" cortical pathways. Somatosensory-evoked potentials may be characterized by "giant" responses, suggesting cortical hyperexcitability. An increased incidence of long QT intervals during electrocardiographic recordings and diminished heart-rate variability, suggesting impairment of the autonomic nervous system, are described in RS. With the discovery of the genetic basis of RS, neurophysiological studies will provide parameters for phenotype-genotype correlations and characterization of animal models. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

关键词： 神经生理学  

ISBN: (纸本)7030094565

关键词： 人体生理学：神经生理学-实验-医学院校-教材  

ISBN: (纸本)7030098587

关键词： 适应   生理学   适应   心理学   情感   时间生物学   进化   基因表达/生理学   基因组学/方法   精神治疗   神经免疫调节   神经科学   安慰治疗效应   精神神经免疫学   心理生理学   生活质量   人类  

摘要： This paper introduces the new scientific discipline of psychosocial genomics as an emerging area in the foundations of mind-body medicine. Psychosocial genomics brings together a variety of interdisciplinary fields ranging from studies of stress, psychosomatics, psychoimmunology, and psychoendocrinology to the deep psychobiology of creativity, optimal performance, dreaming, art, ritual, culture, and spiritual life. The focus of psychosocial genomics is on creating new models of how the levels of gene expression, neurogenesis, and healing are interrelated as a complex, adaptive system with the levels of human experiencing, behavior, and consciousness. Ongoing research in psychosocial genomics is presented to illustrate how this complex adaptive system operates in the theory and practice of alternative and complementary mind-body medicine and psychotherapy on all levels, from mind to gene.

关键词： marine fish larvae   digestive enzymes   in vitro digestion   microdiets  

摘要： The digestive capacity of red drum larvae during ontogeny was assessed using histological, biochemical and molecular techniques in an attempt to reduce the need for live prey during rearing. Based on the our previous studies of the differentiation of the digestive tract and associated organs, and this study's characterization of the proteolitic digestive enzymes, it was concluded that the digestive system of red drum is highly functional at first feeding. Enzymes for the digestion of proteins were present before exogenous feeding commenced. Alkaline proteases had a higher relative contribution early in development, and presumably played a major role in digestion. Acid proteases became more important toward the end of the larval period, concomitant with the development of a functional stomach. Results obtained through the characterization of digestive enzymes were utilized to develop in vitro assays to measure protein digestibility in order to select adequate protein sources. Based on these results, microdiets were developed which included intact protein sources and protein hydrolysates.

关键词： 医学 神经生理学 医学院校 教材  

ISBN: (纸本)7117048468

摘要： 本书共分14章，内容包括绪论，神经元，受体，神经营养因子及其受体，感知觉，躯体运动，内脏运动，认知、精神，日节律，神经发育等。