关键词： 神经生理学   钾通道   抗体   肌强直   获得性神经性肌强直  

摘要： 钾离子通道是人体神经元、心肌细胞上分布最为密集、功能最为重要的一种通道,对于细胞膜兴奋性的维持、动作电位的延缓、成簇放电的频率、神经网络的学习记忆储存等具有重要作用.

关键词： 认知差异性   神经生理学   个体   母语   第二语言   脑语言细胞   语言习得   语言信息处理  

摘要： 个体对母语和第二语言的认知往往出现差异。缘于母语抓住了个体语言习得的最关键时期并以极大的信息量早早地占据了个体大脑的言语中枢,并与脑语言细胞相互作用、相互影响,在大脑建立了母语认知构架。当第二语言信息滞后地进入大脑言语中枢时,个体也试图去构建第二语言认知构架,但受母语认知构架的负迁移,构建过程异常艰难。同时,个体运用第二语言时也不能像运用母语那样自然。

关键词： 儿童   听力检查   前庭耳蜗神经疾病   诱发性耳声发射   耳蜗微音电位  

摘要： 目的 分析小儿听神经病(AN)神经生理学特点,探讨其在诊断和治疗方面的意义。方法 对13例小儿患者在采集病史和耳科检查的基础上,行系统的听力学检查,包括声导抗、听性脑干反应(ABR)、耳蜗微音电位(CM)、诱发耳声发射(EOAEs)、中潜伏期反应(MLR)和事件相关电位(ERP)以及影像学(CT和/或MRI)和周围神经系统检查。结果 13例患儿鼓室图均呈“A”型、镫骨肌反射及ABR均引不出或明显异常,但CM均正常。除1例有新生儿缺血缺氧史的患儿EOAEs未引出,其余12例皆正常引出。8例患儿记录到MLR,6例可记录到ERP。6例患儿影像学和周围神经系统未见异常。结论 对小儿AN的诊断应着重分析其神经生理学特点。对高危新生儿的听力筛查推荐联合应用EOAEs、ABR和CM,以免漏诊、误诊。

关键词： Infarction   Spinal Cord Injuries  

摘要： F-wave abnormalities, in the presence of normal distal motor nerve conduction, most often are the first indicators of proximal peripheral nerve dysfunction in demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies. However, a 15-year-old female-who developed lumbosacral spinal cord infarction with paraplegia, sensory loss, and incontinence beginning 15 hours after a fall-studied electrophysiologically at 2 days postparaplegia manifested absent lower-extremity f-waves and H-reflexes and normal compound muscle action potentials and distal motor and sensory conduction velocities. Subsequent evaluations demonstrated permanent loss of compound muscle action potentials, f-waves, and H-reflexes and prominent acute denervation in paralyzed lower-extremity muscles. Thus early f-wave and H-reflex loss can also occur in spinal cord disease, thereby representing the first evidence of motoneuron destruction. (C) 2003 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： subthalamic nucleus   neurophysiology, intraoperative   Parkinson's disease   deep brain stimulation  

摘要： Though intraoperative neurophysiology is essential to precisely define the definitive target, little is known regarding its predictive value in defining the most effective contact for chronic deep brain stimulation. In this retrospective study, we reviewed the correlation between intraoperative neurophysiology and contacts selected for chronic stimulation. Twenty consecutive patients implanted for subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation were reviewed. There was no significant correlation between the electrophysiologically defined STN and the most effective contact for chronic stimulation at 3 months or at 6 months. Furthermore, there was a discrepancy between the most effective contact for rigidity versus akinesia or tremor at 3 months. Interestingly, at 3 months, the same electrode contact was maximally efficient for rigidity, akinesia and tremor in only 13 of the 39 cases. This lack of correlation did not affect the global improvement. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel.

关键词： neuromuscular junction   neuromuscular transmission   sodium channels   acetylcholine esterase   transmitter release   quantal transmitter release   safety factor   contractility   skeletal muscle  

摘要： This manuscript reviews the physiology of neuromuscular transmission with emphasis on four features: (1) the structure of the neuromuscular junction, (2) release of vesicles of acetylcholine from the nerve terminal, (3) the roles of postsynaptic Na+ channels and acetylcholine receptors in converting the chemical signal from the nerve terminal into a propagated action potential on the muscle fiber, and (4) the safety factor for neuromuscular transmission. It also introduces new information about how the neuromuscular junction maintains physiological integrity during muscle fiber stretch and contraction.

关键词： 社会学   神经生理学   神经系统   注意力缺陷障碍伴多动   综述  

摘要： 注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)已不再认为是由单一因素造成的。本文就近10年来国内外学者的研究动态,从ADHD的遗传学、神经生理、生化学、神经系统解剖学及社会心??学等诸方面,对ADHD的病因及发病机制进行综述,对今后ADHD的诊断、治疗提供参考依据。

关键词： Cytokine   Immunogenetics   Major depression   Psychoneuroimmunology   Schizophrenia   Sickness behavior  

摘要： Recent research has overcome the old paradigms of the brain as an immunologically privileged organ, and of the exclusive role of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides as signal transducers in the central nervous system. Growing evidence suggests that the signal proteins of the immune system - the cytokines - are also involved in modulation of behavior and induction of psychiatric symptoms. This article gives an overview on the nature of cytokines and the proposed mechanisms of immune-to-brain interaction. The role of cytokines in psychiatric symptoms, syndromes, and disorders like sickness behavior, major depression, and schizophrenia are discussed together with recent immunogenetic findings.

关键词： Functional disorder   New   Central Nervous System   Neurophysiology - biologic function   中枢神经系统   Central Nervous System   Cerebral Perfusion Pressure   Vigilance   respiratory oxygenation   functional failure   Intensive Care   Biological Process   middle latency responses   Efferent Pathways   Neurophysiology   uncooperative behavior  

摘要： PURPOSE OF REVIEWThe goal of this article is to summarize very recent technologic advances in neurophysiologic monitoring and to illustrate their potential benefit to critical care *** FINDINGSSimplified, computer-processed electroencephalography devices now permit cost-effective, long-term critical care monitoring. They may be used alone to objectively assess sedation or coma level. In addition, these monitors serve as screening tools for more detailed electrophysiologic characterization of cortical dysfunction resulting from seizures, ischemia, or hypoxia. Somatosensory potentials broaden these capabilities to the entire neuraxis, whereas long-latency auditory evoked potentials facilitate measurement of changes in vigilance and cognition. Motor evoked potentials offer a sensitive and reliable method to determine the function of descending motor pathways in uncooperative or unresponsive patients. They may also yield a new measure of cortical excitability. New developments with transcranialDoppler ultrasonography promise noninvasive measures of cerebral perfusion pressure and particulate embolization. Near-infrared spectroscopy appears to enable noninvasive measurement of regional tissue oxygenation in both the brain and spinal *** used together, these continuous measures of synaptic function, cerebral perfusion, and oxygenation give the clinician a vast amount of otherwise unobtainable information regarding the functional status of the central nervous system.