关键词： Acoustic neuroma surgery   Facial nerve   Intraoperative neuromonitoring   Preoperative and intraoperative neurophysiology   VESTIBULAR SCHWANNOMA SURGERY   MOTOR EVOKED-POTENTIALS   NERVE FUNCTION   MANAGEMENT   ELECTROMYOGRAPHY   EPIDEMIOLOGY   PRESERVATION   RESECTION   STIMULUS   PALSY  

摘要： Objective:To determine the role of neurophysiological preoperative and intraoperative parameters in providing prognostic information regarding facial nerve (FN) function at 1 year after translabyrinthine acoustic neuroma (AN) resection *** Design:Prospective observational study in a tertiary referral center. Patients treated via translabyrinthine surgical approach for sporadic AN microresection between December 2015 and ***:Patients underwent preoperative (electroneurography-ENG, electromyography-EMG, and Blink Reflex-BR) and intraoperative (FN motor action potential-MAP and continuous EMG traces) neurophysiological studies. FN function was graded postoperatively at 1 year using House-Brackmann Scoring ***:Sixty-two patients were included in the analysis. Mean age was 5310 years and average tumor diameter was 23 +/- 9mm. At 1 year a normal facial function was observed in 68% of patients. In the univariate analysis a pathologic BR, low FN MAP values and ratios, and the presence of pathological neurotonic tracing (A-trains) on continuous EMG were associated with a poor facial nerve function outcome at 1 year postoperatively. Pathological preoperative BR testing and intraoperative A-trains showed a statistical significance also in the multivariable analysis, regardless of tumor ***:Preoperative pathological BR testing and A-train activity on intraoperative EMG are correlated with poor FN outcomes at 1 year postoperative. This may provide important prognostic information to both patients and treating neuro-otologists. In the future this may guide preoperative and postoperative patient counselling and possibly optimize timing of facial nerve reanimation in selected patients.

关键词： Traffic   Accident   Injury   Public health   Neurophysiology   Pollution   Environment   STRENGTH  

摘要： Nowadays, the roots of left-hand traffic (LHT) and right-hand traffic (RHT) - including fighting on horse-back and whipping horses that are drawing carriages - are at an all-time low; thus, it is time to assess and appreciate the nexus of road-safety practices and human neurophysiology. We hypothesize that safety of LHT and RHT can be associated with neurophysiology. We summarize scattered empirical research into plausible links between neurophysiological aspects such as handedness, eye movement bias, and hemispheric lateralisation and how safe, in theory, LHT vs. RHT may be for whom. The scarcity and limitations of empirical data into road traffic accidents associated with LHT or RHT are surprising. Even though it was claimed that countries with LHT have lower collision rates than countries with RHT some 50 years ago, we lack informative analyses of traffic accidents in countries with either LHT or RHT which consider plausibly associated neurophysiology. Overall, we predict that LHT (with the driver sitting on the right) is safer than RHT. As 'the rule of the road' and neurophysiology may have important unrecognized "side" effects, we suggest that (and how) this rationale should be tested.

关键词： neuroplasticity   neurosecretion   osmoregulation   oxytocin   vasopressin   EPITHELIAL SODIUM-CHANNELS   SUPRAOPTIC DENDRITIC ZONE   NEURONAL GLIAL PLASTICITY   INDUCED CA2+ RELEASE   VASOPRESSIN NEURONS   ANGIOTENSIN-II   OXYTOCIN NEURONS   BLOOD-PRESSURE   MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTORS   OSMOSENSORY TRANSDUCTION  

摘要： Hypothalamic magnocellular neuroendocrine cells have unique electrical properties and a remarkable capacity for morphological and synaptic plasticity. Their large somatic size, their relatively uniform and dense clustering in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, and their large axon terminals in the neurohypophysis make them an attractive target for direct electrophysiological interrogation. Here, we provide a brief review of significant recent findings in the neuroplasticity and neurophysiological properties of these neurones that were presented at the symposium "Electrophysiology of Magnocellular Neurons" during the 13th World Congress on Neurohypophysial Hormones in Ein Gedi, Israel in April 2019. Magnocellular vasopressin (VP) neurones respond directly to hypertonic stimulation with membrane depolarisation, which is triggered by cell shrinkage-induced opening of an N-terminal-truncated variant of transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channels. New findings indicate that this mechanotransduction depends on actin and microtubule cytoskeletal networks, and that direct coupling of the TRPV1 channels to microtubules is responsible for mechanical gating of the channels. Vasopressin neurones also respond to osmostimulation by activation of epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC). It was shown recently that changes in ENaC activity modulate magnocellular neurone basal firing by generating tonic changes in membrane potential. Both oxytocin and VP neurones also undergo robust excitatory synapse plasticity during chronic osmotic stimulation. Recent findings indicate that new glutamate synapses induced during chronic salt loading express highly labile Ca2+-permeable GluA1 receptors requiring continuous dendritic protein synthesis for synapse maintenance. Finally, recordings from the uniquely tractable neurohypophysial terminals recently revealed an unexpected property of activity-dependent neuropeptide release. A significant fraction of the voltage-dependent ne

关键词： 科学研究成果   教育生物学   神经生理学   脑神经科学   生长发育阶段   神经心理学   大脑活动   神经生物学  

摘要： 教育生物学(bio-education),是从生物学、神经生理学、神经心理学、脑神经科学的角度研究人类教育现象及其一般规律的学科。生物科学与教育科学相融合形成的一门交叉学科。其研究对象是人,着重研究处于接受教育和生长发育阶段的儿童和青少年个体及群体。借助生物医学手段,如神经心理测试、神经生物学的动物实验、神经生理学的检查,以及神经影像学的研究,包括脑计算机断层扫描术(CT)、脑电图(EEG),脑磁共振(MRI)、功能性磁共振(fMRI)、正电子扫描(PET)等,研究人体和人脑的本体结构及其发生发展以及人体和人脑的功能,包括学习、记忆、注意、认知、情感、创造、社会性等大脑活动的奥秘,并将科学研究成果广泛地应用于人类的教育实践。

关键词： EUROPEAN RESUSCITATION COUNCIL   EEG   PROGNOSTICATION   HYPOTHERMIA   SOCIETY   PREDICTORS   SURVIVORS   COMA  

摘要： After return of circulation the EEG-background is typically suppressed also in patients with good outcome who usually regain a continuous background during the first day, often transiting through a period with discontinuous or burst-suppression background.[8] The return of cortical EEG activity or appearance of pathological patterns can be followed with continuous EEG monitoring (cEEG) or intermittent routine EEGs. EEG-assessments were based on the ACNS terminology, which is important for reproducibility, but also included the traditional definition of an isoelectric EEG (<2 V). A nearly continuous EEG-background, even if low-voltage, at 12 h strongly predicted good outcome and was less predictive at 72 h which is in line with the literature.[[9], [19]] The only early EEG-predictor of poor outcome at 12 h without false positives was isoelectric EEG. The pattern 'epileptiform EEG' was liberally defined and had no certain prognostic value but may have introduced a bias since EEG-background, which impacts the prognosis more, was not analysed in these patients. [Extracted from the article]

关键词： Cardiac arrest   Anoxia-ischemia   Brain   Coma   Prognosis   Electroencephalogram   Somatosensory evoked potentials   EUROPEAN RESUSCITATION COUNCIL   ADULT COMATOSE SURVIVORS   CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY   THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA   POSTANOXIC COMA   PROGNOSTICATION   PROGNOSIS   SOCIETY   EEG   ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY  

摘要： Aims: To assess the accuracy of electroencephalogram (EEG) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) recorded at 12 and 72 h from resuscitation for predicting six-months neurological outcome in patients who are comatose after cardiac arrest. Methods: Prospective multicentre prognostication study. EEG was classified according to the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society terminology. SEPs were graded according to the presence and amplitude of their cortical responses. Neurological outcome was defined as good (cerebral performance categories [CPC] 1-3) vs. poor (CPC 4-5). None of the patients underwent withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. Results: A total of 351 patients were included, of whom 134 (38%) had good neurological outcome. At 12 h, a continuous, nearly continuous and low-voltage EEG pattern predicted good neurological outcome with 71[61-80]%. sensitivity, while an isoelectric EEG and a bilaterally absent/absentpathological amplitude (AA/AP) cortical SEP pattern predicted poor neurological outcome with 14[8-21]%. and 59[50-68]%. sensitivity, respectively. Specificity was 100[97-100]% for all predictors. At 72 h, both an isoelectric, suppression or burst-suppression pattern on EEG and an AA/AP SEP pattern predicted poor outcome with 100[97-100]%. specificity. Their sensitivities were 63[55-70]%. and 66[58-74]%, respectively. When EEG and SEPs were combined, sensitivity for poor outcome prediction increased to 79%. Conclusions: In comatose resuscitated patients, EEG and SEPs predicted good and poor neurological outcome respectively, with 100%. specificity as early as 12 h after cardiac arrest. At 72 h after arrest, unfavourable EEG and SEP patterns predicted poor neurological outcome with 100% specificity and high sensitivity, which further increased after their combination.

关键词： 更年期综合征   近日节律紊乱   室旁核   视交叉上核   心理生理学  

摘要： 目的:观察近日节律紊乱对更年期综合征模型大鼠的影响,以探究更年期综合征的可能心理生理学机制。方法:取雌性SD大鼠35只,随机分为正常组(n=7)、假手术组(n=7)、模型组(n=7)、近日节律紊乱组(n=7)、模型+近日节律紊乱组(n=7)。采用双侧卵巢摘除术建立更年期综合征大鼠模型,以24 h光照为近日节律紊乱干预。通过多通道心理生理记录技术,对更年期综合征相关核团室旁核(PaPo)和近日节律相关核团视交叉上核(SCh)的生物电活动进行同步细胞外记录和相关生理指标联合记录和分析。结果:①模型组、近日节律紊乱组、模型+近日节律紊乱组大鼠的PaPo放电频率高于假手术组和正常组(P<0.05或P<0.01);②正常组大鼠的SCh放电频率低于其余4组(P<0.01);③模型组大鼠PaPo的beta和fast振荡能量高于其余4组(P<0.05);④假手术组大鼠SCh的delta和theta振荡能量高于其余4组(P<0.05)。⑤仅模型+近日节律紊乱组大鼠PaPo和SCh的放电频率呈高度正相关(r=0.902,P=0.014)。结论:更年期综合征模型大鼠可能涉及PaPo和SCh活动变化机制,近日节律紊乱可能通过改变PaPo和SCh的相关性而影响更年期综合征的心理生理学特征。

关键词： Hyperkinetic   Movement disorder   Clinical neurophysiology   Functional   PROPRIOSPINAL MYOCLONUS   JERKS  

摘要： Introduction: Clinical neurophysiology constitutes a potentially useful aid in differentiating hyperkinetic movement disorders (HMD). Parameters including presence of a Bereitschaftspotential on back-averaged electroencephalography (EEG) have been demonstrated to help distinguish between these disorders. In 2008, a Movement Disorder neurophysiology service was established in Greater Manchester to aid in the diagnostic process. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of patients with HMD who underwent EEG back-averaging through this service from January 2009 until January 2018. The aim was (i) to characterise the clinical features of our patient cohort and (ii) to determine how frequently neurophysiological testing altered the final diagnosis. Results: A total of 39 patients (23 females, 16 males), with a mean age at onset of 42.6 years and mean disease duration of 2.0 years underwent neurophysiological examination. The clinical diagnosis was changed in 16 cases (41%) and refined in a further seven. Distractibility (P = 0.001), variability (P = 0.002), the presence of a Bereitschaftspotential (P < 0.0001), and electromyography burst duration > 300 ms (P = 0.012) were more frequent in those with an eventual diagnosis of functional movement disorder (n= 24) compared to other HMDs (n = 15). Conclusion: Neurophysiology is an invaluable adjunct in complex HMD, altering the diagnosis and treatment options for a significant proportion of patients. Our data also demonstrate, consistent with previous studies, that the majority of patients referred for jerky HMDs to a tertiary movement disorder service have a functional movement disorder.

关键词： Control room   Interaction design evaluation   Workload   Affect   Heart rate variability   Electrodermal activity   HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY   EMOTION RECOGNITION   SUBJECTIVE WORKLOAD   POSITIVE AFFECT   STRESS   DECISION   HABITUATION   ACTIVATION   ISSUES   BLOOD  

摘要： This paper discusses how to investigate the human element in a control room setting in terms of situational settings (monitoring and active control) and mental state (workload and affect). We show an explorative experiment in a ship bridge simulator context to investigate measurement practices and uncover correlations between mental state and changes in physiology. 31 participants from an engineering student population participated in the experiment. Data were collected from two scenarios through surveys (workload and affect) and physiology sensors (electrocardiography and electrodermal activity). We highlight the following findings from our experiment: One, there is a significant difference in variables measuring mental and physiological states between two regularly occurring scenarios in the context of large ship navigation. With changes in mental and physiological states, the capacity and reaction pattern of users change, so there are different demands of the user interface and system behavior. Two, elements of mental state are correlated with changes in physiological state. Most prominently, stress and workload covary with electrodermal activity and elements of heart rate variability. This finding can support designers in evaluating different solutions by enabling them to assess changes in the mental state of users working in control rooms through physiology sensor data.

关键词： Pediatric   Supratentorial surgery   Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring   Brain tumors   Neurological deficit   ULTRASONIC ASPIRATOR   TUMOR SURGERY   BRAIN-TUMORS   CHILDREN   RESECTION   TRACT  

摘要： Purpose Utilization of intraoperative neurophysiology (ION) to map and assess various functions during supratentorial brain tumor and epilepsy surgery is well documented and commonplace in the adult setting. The applicability has yet to be established in the pediatric age group. Methods All pediatric supratentorial surgery utilizing ION of the motor system, completed over a period of 10 years, was analyzed retrospectively for the following variables: preoperative and postoperative motor deficits, extent of resection, sensory-motor mappability and monitorability, location of lesion, patient age, and monitoring alarms. Intraoperative findings were correlated with antecedent symptomatology as well as short- and long-term postoperative clinical outcome. The monitoring impact on surgical course was evaluated on a per-case basis. Results Data were analyzed for 57 patients (ages 3-207 months (93 +/- 58)). Deep lesions (in proximity to the pyramidal fibers) constituted 15.7% of the total group, superficial lesions 47.4%, lesions with both deep and superficial components 31.5%, and ventricular 5.2%. Mapping of the motor cortex was significantly more successful using the short-train technique than Penfield's technique (84% vs. 25% of trials, respectively), particularly in younger children. The youngest age at which motor mapping was successfully achieved was 3 vs. 93 months for each method, respectively. Preoperative motor strength was not associated with monitorability. Direct cortial motor evoked potential (dcMEP) was more sensitive than transcranial (tcMEP) in predicting postoperative motor decline. dcMEP decline was not associated with tumor grade or extent of resection (EOR); however, it was associated with lesion location and more prone to decline in deep locations. ION actively affected surgical decisions in several aspects, such as altering the corticectomy location and alarming due to a MEP decline. Conclusion ION is applicable in the pediatric population with certai