关键词： 动物   新生/生理学   饥饿/生理学   心理生理学   大鼠   Sprague-Dawley   强化分级表   满足感/生理学   吸吮行为/生理学   体重增长/生理学   动物   女(雌)性   男(雄)性   妊娠   大鼠  

摘要： Newborn rat pups tested before suckling experience attached to and ingested milk from the surrogate nipple. Time attached to nipple and amount of milk ingested depended on the schedule of milk infusion through the nipple.

关键词： Luigi Luciani, experimental neurophysiology, cerebral localization, XIX century neurosciences  

摘要： Luigi Luciani, the Italian physiologist who lived during the second half of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth, is generally remembered for his studies on the cerebellum, the physiology of the heart, the respiratory system and on fasting. Less well known is the experimental research he carried out in the field of cerebral localization. It should however be pointed out that, as a result of his work in experimental neurophysiology between the years 1875 and 1885, Luciani was perfectly familiar with the latest findings on the relationship between brain and behavioral functions, but above all he was led by this work to develop an interesting model for the description of brain functions. He refined this model in a close dialectic relationship, of comparison and contrast, with the theories of the leading European neurophysiologists of his time - either those who favored a localizationistic explanation of the brain's functions or those who opposed this view. This paper gives a quick presentation of Luciani's experimental work on the functions of the brain as well as what he thought of the question of cerebral localization. His localizationistic model is compared - both in its general characteristics and in its specific details - with other models which had been proposed during the same years by the outstanding European physiologists of the day like Goltz, Ferrier, and Munk. Luciani's epistemological foundations, as well as his experimental methodology, are analyzed within the context of his wider theoretical ideas about how nervous and psychic activity were linked, with his ideas on physiology, and more in general in relation to his view of man's biological place in the rest of the living world. On the basis of this analysis, the state of the experimental work being done in Italy by Luciani is placed within the European context of neurophysiology in which Luciani was an outstanding figure.

关键词： 脑/生理学   消化生理学   动物   人类  

关键词： 注意力/生理学   血糖/代谢   辨别学习/生理学   回忆/生理学   模式识别   视觉/生理学   心理生理学   青少年   成年人   女(雌)性   人类   男(雄)性  

摘要： Elevated glucose levels are associated with increased recall on declarative memory tasks. No previous studies have examined such a relationship using a common features-derived prototype memory abstraction task. 20 participants volunteered, 10 each in an experimental group who were given 40 g of glucose to drink and a control group given an artificially sweetened beverage after fasting. Analysis indicated that common features-derived prototype memory abstractions seem resistant to glucose fluctuations.

关键词： 焦虑/病因学   心血管疾病/并发症   心血管疾病/病理生理学   心血管疾病/心理学   情绪   心理生理学   生活质量   人类  

关键词： 金刚烷胺/类似物和衍生物   金刚烷胺/药理学   脑电描记术/药物作用   脑电描记术/统计学和数值数据   傅里叶分析   神经系统/药物作用   心理生理学   精神治疗药物/药理学   参考值   成年人   人类   男(雄)性  

摘要： The study of EEG and psychophysiological parameters and their correlations in 10 healthy volunteers after single oral administration of bromantan in comparison with placebo revealed favourable influence of the drug on operators' functional state. By EEG-profile (increase in middle-frequency alpha-rhythm power with lowering of powers in delta- and beta1-bands) bromantan is similar to many drugs with moderate psychostimulating, antiamnestic and antihypoxic properties. Bromantan does not alter the subjective state and principal components of operators' performance in untired men but promotes the appearance of EEG-signs of moderate vigilance rise and forming of productive action state coupled with favourable for precise motor performance tremor reduction. Operator's functional state optimization leads to extension of reserve abilities and probably causes efficiency of bromantan as a well known remedy for maintenance of high working capacity in tired operators and under extreme conditions.

关键词： 科学院和研究所   医务工作者的态度   教育   继续   健康知识   态度   实践   整体保健   职业间关系   医学检验科学   模型   组织管理   组织目标   以病人为中心医护/组织和管理   专业能力   职业家庭关系   职业病人关系   心理生理学   质量保证   卫生保健/组织和管理   社会支持   美国   人类  

摘要： Intuitively, most healthcare leaders and caregivers appreciate the significance of effective relationships and their probable connection with positive patient outcome and financial success. In light of the lack of empirical descriptions and support for these relationships, however, a reluctance is seen to ascribe significant value, energy, and financial resources to relationship building. We describe the national initiative sponsored by the Fetzer Institute to support the Relationship-Centered Care Network, describe a relationship model to gain a greater appreciation of the complexities of relationships, and share experiences of an organization that operates based on the principles of relationship-centered care.

关键词： human   depth electrodes   neuronal activity   language   memory   error detection  

摘要： Depth intracranial electrodes are used in medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of certain medically intractable disorders including epilepsy and parkinsonism. Electrophysiological studies including the recording of neuronal activity via depth electrodes during cognitive tasks allow the mapping of the functional significance of various brain regions for certain cognitive functions. Knowledge accumulated throughout the last several decades allows us to draw some theoretical inferences about neuronal mechanisms of human cognition. The present paper provides a selective review of studies of neuronal activity of the human brain in relation to language, verbal memory and error detection. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 个性   神经生理学   哲学   心理学   人类  

关键词： 觉醒/生理学   二氧化碳/诊断应用   诊断   鉴别   环境病/诊断   环境病/病理生理学   环境病/心理学   多化学品过敏/诊断   多化学品过敏/病理生理学   多化学品过敏/心理学   职业病/诊断   职业病/病理生理学   职业病/心理学   惊恐病/诊断   惊恐病/病理生理学   惊恐病/心理学   心理生理学   乳酸钠/诊断应用   人类  

摘要： It has been postulated that psychophysiologic mechanisms may account for symptom generation in IEI. In this review, the similarity of IEI and panic disorder symptoms are noted. The results of various challenge studies, both with known panicogenic substances and self-identified triggers, are examined. Available data are consistent with the premise that IEI symptoms have a psychophysiologic basis.