关键词： single units   evoked potentials   auditory cortex   speech sounds   perception   neural representation   N-1 morphology   mismatch negativity  

摘要： Evoked electric potential and magnetic field studies have the immense benefit that they can be conducted in awake, behaving humans and can be directly correlated with aspects of perception. As such, they are powerful objective indicators of perceptual properties. However, given a set of evoked potential and/or evoked field waveforms and their source locations, obtained for an exhaustive set of stimuli and stimulus contrasts, is it possible to determine blindly, i.e. predict, what the stimuli or stimulus contrasts were? If this can be done with some success, then a useful amount of information resides in scalp-recorded activity for, e.g., the study of auditory speech processing. In this review, we compare neural representations based on single-unit and evoked response activity for vowels and consonant-vowel phonemes with distinctions in formant glides and voice onset time. We conclude that temporal aspects of evoked responses can track some of the dominant response features present in single-unit activity. However, N-1 morphology does not reliably predict phonetic identification of stimuli varying in voice onset time, and the reported appearance of a double-peak onset response in aggregate recordings from the auditory cortex does not indicate a cortical correlate of the perception of voicelessness. This suggests that temporal aspects of single-unit population activity are likely not inclusive enough for representation of categorical perception boundaries. In contrast to population activity based on single-unit recording, the ability to accurately localize the sources of scalp-evoked activity is one of the bottlenecks in obtaining an accessible neurophysiological substrate of perception. Attaining this is one of the requisites to arrive at the prospect of blind determination of stimuli on the basis of evoked responses. At the current sophistication level of recording and analysis, evoked responses remain in the realm of extremely sensitive objective indicators of stim

关键词： Bergson   Damasio   recognition   visual agnosia   prosopagnosia   somatic markers   intuition  

摘要： Henri Bergson (1859-1941) was probably the most influential French philosopher at the turn of the twentieth century. In 1927 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature. Far beyond the restricted academic philosophical milieu, the impact of his thinking reached personalities as diverse as Claude Debussy, Marcel Proust, George Bernard Shaw, and the impressionists. His essay The Laughter (Le Rite) is one of the most profound and original ever written on the sense of humor. Bergson's opinions, with their emphasis on life, instinct and intuition, represented a deviation from the rationalist mainstream of western philosophical tradition. In some circles he was received With skepticism and irony, as in Bertrand Russel's History of Western Philosophy. Today, unbiased by theoretical "bergsonism," neurophysiologic research - as undertaken mainly by Antonio Damasio's team at Iowa University - confirms many of his,hypotheses and elucidates their mechanisms. In this new light, intuition and "recognition by the body" should not be seen as the personal fantasy of an original thinker but,as fundamental cognitive tools.

关键词： 脊神经分支   心经   体表-内脏联系   经络学   神经生理学   心因性牵涉痛   经脉一脏腑相关  

摘要： 采用神经示踪剂荧光素三标记法研究了上肢内侧面（心经经脉循行线）、外侧面（肺经经脉循行线）与心脏的神经联系.结果表明,脊神经节的小量细胞的外周轴突有双分支现象,其一支分布于心脏,另一支分布于上肢;心经循行线与心脏之间的脊神经节细胞外周轴突分支支配现象更明显.与肺经穴位相比,刺激心经穴位引起更大的心交感神经兴奋,心经穴位通过心交感神经对心功能起调节作用.心交感神经刺激可引起心经穴位的最大反射性肌电反应,表明心脏功能异常的传入活动可能在心经循行线出现肌紧张反应.结果提示,心经与心脏特异性联系的基础是神经节段的相同性和神经纤维分布相对密集性;心脏传入神经与心经穴位神经支配的重叠性及反射的循经性是心因性牵涉痛的基础.

关键词： 表面肌电图   纤维肌痛综合征   诊断   神经生理学  

摘要： 对表面肌电图在纤维肌痛综合征的诊断及治疗中的应用作简单的介绍,以期为纤维肌痛综合征的诊断、治疗和康复提供一种辅助手段。

关键词： 外周神经   诱发电位   电刺激   神经生理学   神经网   脊髓   脊椎   记忆模式   海马   食道  

摘要： 0212139 经食道-脊椎电刺激正常清醒人时脊髓是上行和下行诱发电位/Caccia M R// Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol.-2001,41(2).-123～127 冀医图0212140 人体完整外周神经的阳极兴奋/Wee A S// Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol.-2001,41(2).-71～77

关键词： α波   儿童   青少年   静息状态   记忆状态   脑电波   神经生理学  

摘要： 对24名7-18岁的儿童青少年进行脑电图记录，比较其在静息状态和记忆状态下脑电α波特点.结果表明：1）记忆状态下被试α波分布的熵值明显升高；2）记忆状态下α波平均频率显著上升；3）记忆状态下11，12，13Hz等高频脑波所占比率显著上升；4）高频脑波所占比率的上升在前脑和左脑更加明显.

关键词： 脑性瘫痪   引导式教育   神经生理学疗法   儿童   运动功能  

摘要： 目的观察Bobath与Vojta的神经生理学疗法和引导式教育辅以Bobath与Vojta相结合对脑性瘫痪(脑瘫)患儿的作用效果。方法选择年龄1～3岁的脑瘫患儿,观察组1为23例,采用引导式教育辅以Bobath和Vojta法;观察组2为25例,采用Bobath和Vojta法。结果表明两观察组脑瘫儿治疗前后运动功能得分,不但治疗前后均有非常显著性差异(P<0.01),而且引导式教育辅以Bobath和Vojta疗法组与Bobath和Vojta组有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论引导式教育辅以Bobath和Vojta疗法优于单纯采用Bobath和Vojta疗法。

关键词： 人格   外向   内向   寻求兴奋性   易冲动性   神经过敏症   焦虑   心理   生活  

摘要： 现代心理生理学大都围绕着唤起能力说 ,对人格的外向与内向、寻求兴奋性、易冲动性、神经过敏症与焦虑等方面进行研究。研究表明 ,人格变量与生理系统的活动相关 ,但具体的相关及其相互作用还未得出确定结论。这说明人格的心理生理基础是复杂的 ,今后的实验研究在设计等方面还需要更全面。

关键词： 医科   神经发育   中枢性   一氧化氮   运动神经元   肾素血管紧张素系统   化学感受   神经生理学   交感神经   敏感性  

摘要： 0220019 多位点的中枢性化学感受作用:它们在反应敏感性中和睡眠及清醒时的作用/Nattie E // Respir Physiol.-2000,122(2-3).-223～235 医科图0220020 脂质与神经发育/Uauy R//NutrRev.-2001, 59(8 Part Ⅱ).

关键词： 经颅磁刺激   运动诱发电位   健康成人   两种方法   感应电场   大脑两半球   皮质   医科   测量   神经生理学  

摘要： 0216184 经颅磁刺激的运动阈值决定于刺激线圈到皮质的距离:在健康成人中对测量到皮质距离的两种方法的比较/Mc-Connell K A//Biol Psychiatry.-2001,49(5).-454～459 北精情0216185 假性经颅磁刺激在测量大脑两半球间感应电场和运动诱发电位的应用/Lisanby S H//Biol Psychiatry.-2001,49(5).-460～463