关键词： Neurosurgical Procedures   Intraoperative Complications   Nervous System Physiological Phenomena   Neurophysiology  

ISBN: (数字)9780128150016 ISBN: (纸本)9780128150009

摘要： Over the last 18 years, there have been many advances in the field of intraoperative monitoring. This new edition ofNeurophysiology in Neurosurgery: A Modern Approachprovides updates on the original techniques, as well as other more recent methodologies that may either prove beneficial or are commonly used in neuromonitoring. The purpose of this book is to describe the integration of neuromonitoring with surgical procedures. Each methodology is discussed in detail as well as chapters describing how those methodologies are applied to multiple surgical procedures and the evidence used to support those uses. The second edition features a surgical procedure section, which focuses on specific surgical procedures and the type of monitoring used during these procedures. The original chapters have been updated, expanded, and the structure modified to ensure the book is beneficial to both physiologists and surgeons. This book is written for neurosurgeons, neurophysiologists, neurologists, anesthesiologists, interventional neuroradiologists, orthopedic surgeons, and plastic *** a valuable educational tool that describes the theoretical and practical aspects of intraoperative monitoring through examplePresents in-depth descriptions of the most advanced techniques in intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and mappingFeatures a surgical procedures section that focuses on specific surgical procedures and the type of monitoring used during these procedures

关键词： electroencephalography   post-traumatic stress disorder   theta   threat processing   veterans   DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX   COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY   ATTENTIONAL BIAS   ANXIETY   MEMORY   FEAR   OSCILLATIONS   INFORMATION   DYNAMICS   MODEL  

摘要： Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition that may develop after experiencing a traumatic event. Combat exposure increases an individual's chance of developing PTSD, making veterans especially susceptible to the disorder. PTSD is characterized by dysregulated emotional networks, memory deficits, and a hyperattentive response to perceived threatening stimuli. Recently, there have been a number of imaging studies that show structural and functional abnormalities associated with PTSD; however, there have been few studies utilizing electroencephalography (EEG). The goal of this study was to characterize **EEG brain dynamics in individuals with PTSD, in order to better understand the neurophysiological underpinnings of some of the salient features of PTSD, such as threat-processing bias. Veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom/Iraqi Freedom completed an implicit visual threat semantic memory recognition task with stimuli that varied on both category (animals, items, nature, and people) and feature (threatening and nonthreatening) membership, including trauma-related stimuli. Combat veterans with PTSD had slower reaction times for the threatening stimuli relative to the combat veterans without PTSD (VETC). There were trauma-specific effects in frontal regions, with theta band EEG power reductions for the threatening combat scenes in the PTSD patients compared to the VETC group. Additionally, a moderate negative correlation was observed between trauma-specific frontal theta power and hyperarousal symptoms as measured by clinically administered PTSD scale. These findings complement and extend current models of cortico-limbic dysfunction in PTSD. The moderate negative correlation between frontal theta power and hyperarousal endorsements suggests the utility of these measures as therapeutic markers of symptomatology in PTSD patients.

关键词： Electroencephalography   electromyography   encephalopathy   entrapment neuropathy   epilepsy   evoked potentials   intraoperative monitoring   motor neurone disease   nerve conduction studies   peripheral neuropathy  

摘要： Clinical neurophysiology is a diagnostic discipline concerned with measuring electrical activity in the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and muscle. Patients of all ages and severities of condition are referred by many different specialties in primary and secondary care. Three main categories of investigation are offered, each of which has basic and more advanced tests. Electroencephalography (EEG) is usually a recording of cortical activity. Its principal use is in managing epilepsy, particularly in classification; it has an increasing role in assessing disorders of consciousness and other brain disorders. Nerve conduction and electromyography (EMG) studies are primarily tests of peripheral nervous system and muscles, and are often lumped together as ‘EMG’. They are most sensitive to focal and systemic disorders of large fibre peripheral nerves. They have a lesser role in small fibre neuropathy, radiculopathy and muscle disease. Evoked potentials are a small and specialized category with a variety of infrequently used but important tests. Understanding in which cases neurophysiology can help and the effect on the patient is key to a proper collaboration between clinical neurophysiology and referring departments. There are few adverse effects or contraindications. © 2020

关键词： 神经生物学 实验技术 实验方法  

ISBN: (纸本)9787030655936

摘要： 本书涵盖经典神经生物学技术，同时又包含光遗传学、化学遗传学、在体钙荧光信号记录、神经递质探针、单细胞转录组测序等最新技术和方法、有很强操作性和实用性的参考书和工具书。

关键词： 神经生理学   神经调控   信号检测   功能定位   单细胞水平   微电极阵列  

摘要： 神经元是神经系统结构和功能的基本单位，人体脑内神经元数量达1012个，相互之间通过电突触和化学突触在脑内构成极其复杂的神经网络。人类每一个想法的迸发、情绪的表达、肢体的输出都离不开脑内神经环路的协调合作。近些年，科学家们借助电刺激、光刺激、化学（药物）刺激等神经调控手段通过控制神经环路的“开”或者“关”，对活体动物的神经信息进行采集，从而使得研究神经环路的功能和彼此联系成为可能。如何有效地将神经调控技术与神经信息检测技术进行整合，实现从神经环路水平到单个细胞水平的精准检测具有重要的科学意义。本论文提出将电、光、化学（药物）等神经调控技术与神经双模信号（神经电生理信号和神经电化学信号）同步检测技术集成的新思想，开展多模式调控与神经信息同步检测仪器的研制，并且针对在体实验中靶点定位难、损伤大的困难问题，设计并制备了多通道亚细胞尺寸的微电极阵列。具体研究内容及成果包括以下:　　首先，围绕神经调控信号与神经检测信号异时钟、同步难的关键科学问题，提出了将多模式调控功能与信息检测功能集成于同一系统的新思想，重点突破了多模式神经调控技术、高通量电生理信号检测技术、多通道单细胞神经递质检测技术、系统集成技术、数据同步等关键性技术，研制出集电、光、化学（药物）调控手段，以及高通量神经电生理信号和多通道单细胞水平神经电化学信号检测能力于一体的整机系统。制备后的集成化系统可同时支持4通道的神经电调控、2通道的神经光调控和2通道的神经化学（药物）调控、128通道的神经电生理信号检测和4通道的神经电化学信号检测，能够为获取与调控高精度匹配的神经网络信息及单细胞水平信息、探究脑疾病的潜在机制等多个方面提供有效实验工具。　　其次，建立了神经调控下基底神经节环路双模信号同步检测新方法，实现了电调控下环路层面的神经信息全面性分析。基于本文研制的多模式调控与神经信号同步检测系统，开展前脑内侧束电调控下的纹状体内神经电生理信号和神经电化学信号的同步检测。实验结果表明，纹状体内神经元动作电位发放频率在前脑内侧束电调控下升高约5.79倍(刺激前:1.17Hz，刺激后:6.77Hz)，多巴胺浓度明显升高，最高值达2.06μmol/Lol/L，约为刺激前水平的1.57倍。结果不仅展示了本文设计并制备的集成化系统在神经环路层面的调控与双模信息同步检测的应用，而且为深脑核团电刺激潜在治病机制的研究提供有力的理论基础。　　第三，实现了DBS作用下多脑区、不同区域的神经双模信号检测（神经电生理信号和神经电化学信号），为深脑核团电刺激的潜在治疗机制提供了新的分析角度。本文以帕金森大鼠为检测对象，丘脑底核(Subthalamic Nuclei，STN)作为刺激靶点，使用微电极阵列检测尾状核(Caudate Putamen Nucleus，CPu)内多巴胺浓度，并且同步检测初级运动皮层（Primary Motor Cortex，M1）和尾状核内的神经电生理信号。实验结果表明，STN高频刺激后纹状体内多巴胺浓度明显升高，M1spike和CPu spike的低频（～1Hz）功率明显被抑制，但随着时间的增加，双模信号（多巴胺浓度和神经电生理信号）又逐渐恢复至帕金森疾病状态。这些实验结果表明，丘脑底核高频刺激调节着皮层-基底节神经回路内的多巴胺浓度和神经电生理信号，但持续时间很短。　　最后，针对在体神经核团定位难、损伤大的关键科学问题，突破多通道、小尺寸等微机电系统加工工艺难点，设计并制备了一款多通道亚细胞尺寸的新型微电极阵列，实现了单细胞空间分辨率的神经信息获取。本文以帕金森大鼠为实验对象，获取包括大脑皮质初级躯体感觉皮质区、皮层外囊、侧脑室、海马伞、丘脑网状核以及丘脑腹后外侧核等多个脑区的神经电生理信号，提出了动作电位发放模式、动作电位功率、局部场电位功率等多种定位、分析角度。一定程度上为深脑核团电刺激术、神经核团摧毁术、原位神经调控技术、在体单细胞检测等方面提供靶区精准定位的技术支撑。

关键词： 探究式教学法   植物生理学   实验教学  

摘要： 实验教学是高校教学体系的重要组成部分,实验教学改革是教学改革的重要环节。文章以传统实验"叶绿素含量的测定"为例,介绍了探究性实验教学改革的具体做法。这种教学方式强调了学生的主体地位,调动了学生的学习积极性,有助于培养学生的团队意识和合作精神,提高了学生的科学素养和教学质量。

关键词： 植物生理学   设计性实验   教学改进  

摘要： 介绍了植物生理学设计性实验“逆境条件下植物生理生化研究”的教学改进,包括实验材料从植物幼苗扩展到校园植物、关注实验结果的准确性、注重设计性实验论文的科学性、组织设计性实验论文答辩以及考核方式改进等。实践表明,该设计性实验教学的改进提高了实验的可行性,提升了学生的科研基本技能和论文质量,提高了学生的综合能力和实验积极性。

摘要：

Neurophysiology constitutes a potentially useful aid in differentiating hyperkinetic movement disorders (HMD). Parameters including presence of a Bereitschaftspotential on back-averaged EEG have been demonstrated to help distinguish between these disorders. In 2008, a Movement Disorder neurophysiology service was established in Greater Manchester to aid in the diagnostic process.

We retrospectively reviewed records of 39 patients with HMD who underwent EEG back-averaging through this service from January 2009 until January 2018. The aim was to determine how frequently neurophysiology altered the final diagnosis.

We reviewed 39 patients (23 females, 16 males), with a mean age at onset of 42.6 years and mean disease duration of 2.0 years. The clinical diagnosis was altered in 23 cases (59%). Distractibility (P=0.001), variability (P=0.002), the presence of a Bereitschaftspotential (P<0.0001), and EMG burst duration > 300 ms (P=0.012) were more frequent in those with a final diagnosis of functional movement disorder than other HMD.

Neurophysiology is an invaluable adjunct in complex HMD, altering the diagnosis and treatment options for a significant proportion of patients. We hope these results will be beneficial for other units considering establishing this type of service.

关键词： 脑神经科学   睡眠障碍   神经生理学   神经心理学   继续医学教育   生物学基础   生物学杂志   电子游戏  

摘要： 一、填空题1.生物科学教育科学生物学神经生理学神经心理学脑神经科学2.观看电视玩电子游戏上网使用智能手机3.父母婚姻冲突和心理适应逆境创伤4.发现探讨解答硏究的对象自然环境***儿童共患睡眠障碍睡眠障碍是ADHD/类ADHD症状的原发病6.睡眠评估核心症状睡眠障碍二、选择题***三、问答题1.答:①教育的生物学基础:包括人脑的结构、人脑各部位的功能、人脑的发育过程及其影响因素.