关键词： 心理生理学   动物   人类  

关键词： 疾病模型   动物   下丘脑/病理生理学   神经通路/病理生理学   心理生理学   应激   生理学/病理生理学   动物   人类  

摘要： The results of recent studies support a partitioning of stress models into at least two basic classes. While these have been referred to as 'systemic' and 'neurogenic', we would suggest that the terms interoceptive and exteroceptive, respectively, are more apt descriptors. This is based on the similarities in the overall patterns of activational responses seen as a consequence of exposure to a range of perturbations in the internal versus external environments. While stressors of each class may share in common such fundamental features as a capacity to enlist certain PVH effector populations and medullary catecholamine-containing neurons, both the capacity to involve specific output neuron classes and the dependence of hypothalamic effects on the integrity of aminergic afferents in at least some interoceptive and exteroceptive models, are clearly differential. The available evidence suggests that interoceptive stress effects on PVH effector populations may be conceived essentially as simple reflex responses, mediated at a subcortical level by cell groups and associated circumventricular organs that comprise the core of a system involved in the processing of visceral sensory information. Based on the general pattern of acute footshock-induced Fos expression and commonalities of cellular activation profiles seen in this and other acute exteroceptive paradigms, it seems a reasonable assumption that pathways that convey somatosensory/nociceptive information to the PVH are apt to mediate adaptive visceromotor responses in these models. Multiple candidates for such roles have been identified at various levels of what may be viewed as the ascent of the spinothalamic pathway through the brainstem and thalamus, and on through the limbic forebrain and hypothalamus. Dissecting the relative contributions of these in determining PVH output will speak to important conceptual issues concerning the extent to which the affective and visceromotor responses to exteroceptive stressors

关键词： 正畸学   疼痛/病因学   疼痛/病理生理学   疼痛/心理学   疼痛/治疗   疼痛测定   心理生理学   牙移动   人类  

摘要： This literature review focuses on previous studies of pain and pain perception in dentistry with special emphasis on orthodontic treatment. The prevalence of pain and background factors such as age, gender and culture/society, in addition to pain physiology and the influence of concomitant emotional and cognitive factors, is examined. Pain during orthodontic tooth movement is reported from the point of view of its physiology and character and different assessment methods. These aspects are described both generally and specifically in relation to the type of orthodontic forces and to the experience of discomfort other than pain. Since the orthodontic treatment may cause some degree of suffering for the patients, it is important for orthodontists to handle this situation in the best possible way. Some ideas about the possibilities of avoiding, reducing or alleviating pain in orthodontics are discussed.

关键词： 事故   辐射   适应   生理学/药物作用   适应   生理学/辐射效应   脑血管障碍/药物疗法   脑血管障碍/病因学   脑血管障碍/病理生理学   脑血管障碍/心理学   药物疗法   联合   发电厂   心理生理学   辐射损伤/并发症   辐射损伤/药物疗法   辐射损伤/病理生理学   辐射损伤/心理学   乌克兰   人类  

摘要： A comprehensive evaluation was done in 162 patients-liquidators of the Chernobyl accident. Of these, 80 percent were diagnosed as having stage I and II dyscirculatory encephalopathy (DE), 20 percent were in stage III. It is shown that DE progression is caused by great strain on and breakdown of autoregulatory mechanisms of different biological systems (vascular, central nervous and vegetative, hormonal), and of central regulatory mechanisms as well. Under certain conditions there may occur their breakdown, with syncopal states, crises, and even insults developing in its wake. Treatment and rehabilitation of DE liquidators with pyracetam, vinpocetine, cerebrolysine with magne B6, and phytosorbents (spirulina, quercitrol, and vitapectine) lead to reconditioning of central and autoregulatory compensatory-and-adaptive mechanisms, long-lasting remission, provide complication prophylaxis and promote work activity.

关键词： 细胞学：分子生物学 神经元-分子生物学  

ISBN: (纸本)7040079615

关键词： evoked potentials   genetics   habituation   migraine   Monte Carlo statistics  

摘要： Migraine patients show impaired cortical information processing between attacks with deficient habituation of pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (VEP), and strong intensity dependence of auditory cortical evoked potentials (IDAP). This could be a genetic trait as certain genetic patterns are known for evoked potentials in healthy subjects. VEP-habituation and IDAP were studied in 40 migraine patients, i.e. pairs of 20 parents and their children. We developed a novel approach based on Monte Carlo statistics to selectively assess vertical familial influences. Both groups, parents and children, were characterized by abnormal VEP-habituation and IDAP. However, similarity between related pairs was far more pronounced than similarity between unrelated pairs. Assessed with a novel statistical approach, familial influences proved to be highly significant in determining cortical information processings in migraineurs, thus supporting the important role of genetic factors.

关键词： 衰老/生理学   消化生理学   胃肠通过试验/生理学   肠黏膜/代谢   小肠/代谢   通透性   动物   人类  

关键词： 中枢神经系统/病理生理学   精神分析学解释   心理生理性障碍/病理生理学   心理生理性障碍/心理学   心理生理学   内脏/病理生理学   人类  

关键词： 注意力/药物作用   注意力/生理学   认知/药物作用   认知/生理学   膳食脂肪类   不饱和/药理学   鱼油/药理学   记忆/药物作用   记忆/生理学   植物油类/药理学   心理学试验   心理生理学   精神治疗药物/药理学   参考值   女(雌)性   人类   男(雄)性  

关键词： 方差分析   半球优势   大脑/生理学   脑电描记术   诱发电位/生理学   记忆/生理学   光刺激/方法   心理生理学   反应时间/生理学   时间因素   视知觉/生理学   儿童   人类