关键词： 注意力/生理学   色觉/生理学   定向力/生理学   模式识别   视觉/生理学   心理生理学   反应时间/生理学   眼扫视/生理学   青少年   成年人   女(雌)性   人类   男(雄)性  

摘要： Previous research has shown that when searching for a color singleton, top-down control cannot prevent attentional capture by an abrupt visual onset. The present research addressed whether a task-irrelevant abrupt onset would affect eye movement behavior when searching for a color singleton. Results show that in many instances the eye moved in the direction of the task-irrelevant abrupt onset. There was evidence that top-down control could neither entirely prevent attentional capture by visual onsets nor prevent the eye from starting to move in the direction of the onset. Results suggest parallel programming of 2 saccades: 1 voluntary goal-directed eye movement toward the color singleton target and 1 stimulus-driven eye movement reflexively elicited by the abrupt onset. A neurophysiologically plausible model that can account for the current findings is discussed.

关键词： 听觉-神经生理学 神经生理学-听觉  

ISBN: (纸本)7542819828

摘要： 本书在扼要介绍听觉的基础知识的背景上，着重从近年听觉研究取得的新进展，探讨听觉对声音感受和辨别的神经过程和机制。

关键词： 大屠杀   心理生理学   人类  

摘要： Comments on the article 'Medical Psychological Observations During the Holocaust: Escape Into Health,' by Dr. Eliahu Seagal published in the January 2000 issue of 'Advances in Mind-Body Medicine' journal. Mobilization of human strength; Assessment of the complacency, effeteness and weakness of spirit-body; Emphasis on the power of inner spiritual energy.

关键词： 厌倦   职业性/预防和控制   厌倦   职业性/心理学   补充疗法   卫生人员/心理学   整体保健   心理生理学   自我护理/方法   自我护理/心理学   人类  

摘要： This paper offers a brief mind-body view of: What the whole person is The four aspects of life: physical, emotional, mental, subtle energy states. The concept that health and wellbeing is analogous to developing musical harmony between the four aspects. Each aspect can be imagined as a musical note. When in balance the harmony between the notes is clear. When out of balance the effect is discordant. Ways that personal performance may be enhanced by the integration of these four aspects including self help approaches, mindful bodywork and energetic medicines. 'When we are whole, we shall be healed...' (Caroline Stevensen).

关键词： 适应   心理学   衰老/生理学   脑/生理学   细胞死亡/生理学   神经元/生理学   心理生理学   应激   心理学/心理学   人类  

摘要： Comments on the article 'Medical Psychological Observations During the Holocaust: Escape Into Health,' by Dr. Eliahu Segal published in the January 2000 issue of 'Advances in Mind-Body' journal. Accounts on the two phenomena described in the article; Relationship between the rituals of obsessive compulsive disorder and the rituals of orthodox religions; Mechanisms of pain inhibition.

关键词： Parkinson's disease   dopamine   nigrostriatal neurones  

摘要： The aim of the present review is to discuss recent acquisitions on the neurophysiological effects of the DA denervation of the striatum, obtained in vitro from single neurone electrophysiological recordings. Nigrostriatal DA system degeneration does not significantly alter the intrinsic properties of striatal cells, but triggers adaptive responses in the striatum, involving glutamatergic neurotransmission. By pairing intracellular recordings from 6-OHDA-denervated striatal projection neurones and the synaptic stimulation of glutamatergic corticostriatal pathway, in vitro experiments contributed to elucidate the intimate alterations that follow striatal DA deafferentation. This experimental approach also allowed to better understand the possible cellular bases of both beneficial and side effects of the pharmacological compounds commonly employed in the treatment of PD. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 知识   记忆   心理过程   心理生理学   人类  

摘要： Level of processing and generation effects were replicated in separate experiments in which recognition memory was tested using either short (500 ms) or long (1500 ms) response deadlines. These effects were similar at each deadline. Moreover, at each deadline these effects were associated with subsequent reports of remembering, not of knowing. And reports of both knowing and remembering increased following the longer deadline. These results imply that knowing does not index an automatic familiarity process, as conceived in some dual-process models of recognition, and that both remembering and knowing increase with the slower, more controlled processing permitted by the longer response time. (C) 1999 Academic Press.

关键词： 细胞间通讯   消化生理学   消化系统/细胞学   肠神经系统/细胞学   肠神经系统/生长和发育   肠神经系统/生理学   肌   平滑/细胞学   肌   平滑/生理学   动物   人类  

关键词： Evoked Potentials   Leukodystrophy   Metachromatic   Neural Conduction   诱发电位   脑白质营养不良   异染型   神经传导   Leukodystrophy   Metachromatic Leukodystrophy   Gait Disturbance   evoked potential   nerve conduction velocity   Optic Atrophy   Neural Conduction   Cerebral atrophy   Brain White Matter   Neurophysiology   Signal Intensity  

摘要： We present serial clinical, radiologic, and neurophysiologic findings of a patient with late-infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy who was first admitted at 30 months of age because of gait disturbance. The neurologic findings were consistent with mild spastic diplegia (occasionally with toe walking). Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed diffuse high intensity in the cerebral white matter on T-2-weighted images. Nerve conduction velocity studies and evoked-potential studies were markedly abnormal, Assay of arylsulfatase A activity in leukocyte culture disclosed a marked deficiency of the enzyme, confirming the diagnosis of late-infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy, Serial neurophysiologic studies demonstrated a marked decrease of nerve conduction velocities, both motor and sensory, as web as prolongation or disappearance of brainstem auditory-, visual-, and somatosensory-evoked potential latencies. Magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed initially diffuse increased signal intensity of periventricular and subcortical white matter on T-2-weighted images, progressing to cortical atrophy with involvement of the arcuate fibers and the cerebellar white matter, correlating with the clinical deterioration (severe spastic tetraplegia with optic atrophy and epilepsy), (C) 1999 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： psychopathy   language   event-related potentials   affective processes   semantic processes  

摘要： We tested the hypothesis that psychopathy is associated with abnormal processing of semantic and affective verbal information. In Task 1, a lexical decision task, and in Task 2, a word identification task, participants responded faster to concrete than to abstract words. In Task 2, psychopaths made more errors identifying abstract words than concrete words. In Task 3, a word identification task, participants responded faster to positive than to negative words. In all three tasks, nonpsychopaths showed the expected event-related potential (ERP) differentiation between word stimuli, whereas psychopaths did not. In each task, the ERPs of the psychopaths included a large centrofrontal negative-going wave (N350);this wave was absent or very small in the nonpsychopaths. The interpretation and significance of these differences are discussed.