关键词： 自身抗体/免疫学   消化生理学   消化系统/免疫学   消化系统/神经支配   胃肠疾病/病因学   胃肠疾病/免疫学   胃肠疾病/病理生理学   胃肠活动/免疫学   神经元/免疫学   硬皮病   系统性/并发症   硬皮病   系统性/免疫学   动物   人类   大鼠  

摘要： Functional gastrointestinal disorders are among the most common disorders affecting modern society. Despite this, we have little understanding of the pathophysiology of these motility disorders and few objective measures of disease. In this month's issue of the Journal, a very exciting report by Eaker et al that identifies myenteric antibodies in scleroderma is therefore extremely important. Functional gastrointestinal disorders may be either primary to the gastrointestinal tract or the result of secondary involvement by systemic disorders such as scleroderma. Insights into the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disorders caused by systemic diseases could provide important insights into the understanding of the mechanisms of primary functional disorders. Moreover, the development of clinically useful serologic tests that document the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract neuromuscular apparatus could provide an important clinical diagnostic tool.

关键词： 消化生理学   氢离子浓度   插管法   胃肠/方法   人类  

摘要： After a short introduction (chapter 1) methods of measuring gastrointestinal pH are described in chapter 2. The methods are divided into intubation techniques and tubeless methods, and the advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Measurements with pH-sensitive, radiotransmitting capsules are highlighted, and methodological problems with these capsules are described. Chapter 3 concerns the gastrointestinal pH profile of healthy subjects. The intraluminal pH is rapidly changed from highly acid in the stomach to about pH 6 in the duodenum. The pH gradually increases in the small intestine from pH 6 to about pH 7.4 in the terminal ileum. The pH drops to 5.7 in the caecum, but again gradually increases, reaching pH 6.7 in the rectum. The physiological background of these pH values is discussed. Chapter 4 describes the effect of gastrointestinal pH on bacterial flora, absorption of vitamins and electrolytes, and on the activity of digestive enzymes. The pH-profile in children is described in chapter 5. The profile is identical with that of adults, and it is therefore concluded that the release of a drug from pH-dependent, controlled-release preparations is also probably identical with that of adults. Chapter 6 describes the correlation between certain diseases and the gastrointestinal pH. A resection of the colon and the creation of an ileostomy do not affect the pH of the remaining gut. An ileocaecal resection shortens the small intestinal transit time, increases pH of the proximal colon, but does not change the pH-profile of the small intestine. Chronic pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis seem to decrease pH of the proximal small intestine. Very low colonic pH values have been observed in severe active ulcerative colitis and in Crohn's disease, but the background and clinical implication of this phenomenon are not clear. Chapter 7 describes the modulating effect of diet and drugs on gastrointestinal pH. Diet primarily has an effect on the colonic pH, whereas drugs might

关键词： 文昌鱼科   生殖生理学   学科:文集   神经生理学  

ISBN: (纸本)7502742565

摘要： 评 述了近10 多年来国内外学者先后发现文昌鱼哈氏窝能够合成脊椎动物促性腺激素样物质，体内存在促性腺激素释放素与性腺发育周期呈现正的相关性，以及性腺中存在着性类固醇激素。外源性激素可促进文昌鱼性腺发育成熟及其生殖活动，提示文昌鱼的生殖活动像脊椎动物一样，受生殖激素的调控。这就表明文昌鱼存在着原始的生殖内分泌调控轴，脑泡-哈氏窝-性腺轴，可与脊椎动物的生殖内分泌调控轴相比拟。这为确定文昌鱼在生殖内分泌进化中的地位提供了新的线索。

关键词： 适应   心理学   行为医学/方法   家庭医学/方法   健康状况   生活变动事件   医生病人关系   初级卫生保健/方法   心理生理学   转诊和会诊   应激   心理学/并发症   应激   心理学/预防和控制   应激   心理学/心理学   成年人   女(雌)性   人类   男(雄)性   中年人  

摘要： Behavioral Medicine has emerged over the course of the past 2 decades as a discipline with strong recognition, awareness, and attention. The term has been used widely and has come to possess various meanings in medical, psychological, and social science literature. It has been broadly defined as the interdisciplinary field concerned with the integration of biological and psychological perspectives on human behavior and the application of these principals to the prevention of disease and enhancement of health. This article focuses on an examination of stress and disease and how successful coping with stressful events can contribute to improved mental and physical health. Additionally, the role of primary care physicians to identify and alter this process, primarily through their development of positive relationships with patients, is examined.

关键词： 补充疗法   整体保健   医师的作用   医生病人关系   心理生理学   人类  

关键词： 学习记忆   脑功能定位   神经生理学  

摘要： 学习和记忆是动物中枢神经系统高级活动的一种方式，也是动物赖以生存和进化发展的关键。对学习和记忆机制的研究，积累了大量资料，主要体现在神经生理和生物化学两个方面。１学习与记忆的脑功能定位尽管学习记忆涉及整个脑的广泛变化，但某些特殊的区域和环路与学习记忆...

关键词： 手/生理学   运动(Movement)/生理学   神经系统生理学现象   动物   人类  

关键词： 脑/生理学   心理生理学   人类  

关键词： 航天医学   数据库   事实型   诊断   计算机辅助/仪器和设备   诊断   计算机辅助/方法   微型计算机   军事人员/心理学   军事人员/统计学和数值数据   身体素质/生理学   身体素质/心理学   心理生理学   俄罗斯   青少年   成年人   人类  

摘要： A review of issues of application of IBM-compatible PC and information systems of medical appointment for decision-making on professional reliability of military specialists with a base of set of objective criteria of various functional systems in human organisms, in particular, for standardization of adequate loading on servicemen during their combat training. Principles of expert evaluations of determination of functional resources of servicemen in situations of high intensity and psychophysiological tension of work.

关键词： 适应   心理学   精神障碍/心理学   军事医学/组织和管理   军事人员/心理学   海军医学/组织和管理   心理生理学   危险因素   俄罗斯   社会支持   人类