关键词： 脑/生理学   疾病/心理学   下丘脑-垂体系统/生理学   身心关系(玄学)   心理生理学   人类  

摘要： Modern medicine still fails to explain processes that operate in self-healing diseases. We may thus distinguish between two kinds of processes that operate in the body: explained and unexplained. The latter operate in self-healing diseases, and are either ignored by medicine or called placebos. Hippocrates regarded such processes as the healing force of nature and the task of the physician was to assist the healing force. The unexplained processes in physiology were defined by Starling and Cannon as Wisdom of the Body (WOB). This concept is applied here for a rational treatment of processes involved in health and in disease. WOB is an attribute of live organisms. It directs growing plants toward sunshine, guides amebas away from noxious agents, and determines the behavior of higher animals. It is essential for individual survival and was molded by natural selection. During evolution, WOE encountered all diseases, knows how to heal itself, and anticipates all diseases. The main task of the WOE is to maintain health, and improve its quality. It controls processes in the body so as to make them healthier. The WOE has its own language and should be considered when examining patients.

关键词： VISUAL masking   VISUAL cortex   NEURONS   SCIENTIFIC experimentation  

摘要： Backward masking can potentially provide evidence of the time needed for visual processing, a fundamental constraint that must be incorporated into computational models of vision. Although backward masking has been extensively used psychophysically, there is little direct evidence for the effects of visual masking on neuronal responses. To investigate the effects of a backward masking paradigm on the responses of neurons in the temporal visual cortex, we have shown that the response of the neurons is interrupted by the mask. Under conditions when humans can just identify the stimulus, with stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA) of 20 msec, neurons in macaques respond to their best stimulus for approximately 30 msec. We now quantify the information that is available from the responses of single neurons under backward masking conditions when two to six faces were shown. We show that the information available is greatly decreased as the mask is brought closer to the stimulus. The decrease is more marked than the decrease in firing rate because it is the selective part of the firing that is especially attenuated by the mask, not the spontaneous firing, and also because the neuronal response is more variable at short SOAs. However, even at the shortest SOA of 20 msec, the information available is on average 0.1 bits. This compares to 0.3 bits with only the 16-msec target stimulus shown and a typical value for such neurons of 0.4 to 0.5 bits with a 500-msec stimulus. The results thus show that considerable information is available from neuronal responses even under backward masking conditions that allow the neurons to have their main response in 30 msec. This provides evidence for how rapid the processing of visual information is in a cortical area and provides a fundamental constraint for understanding how cortical information processing operates.

关键词： 神经生理学   动物实验   海马   长时程增强  

摘要： 1973年,Bliss和Lomo首次在麻醉及清醒兔海马观察到,当用短串高频电刺激海马穿通纤维后,同样的传入刺激使齿状回颗粒细胞间的突触传递可在数秒内增强,其增强效果可持续数小时至数周之久.

关键词： 玩具车   蟑螂   残疾人   轮椅   神经生理学   神经肌肉   电脉冲信号   面部肌肉   生物工程   模型汽车  

摘要： 在杰夫·布隆奎斯特的实验室里,一辆玩具车跑来跑去。乍看上去,它和别的玩具车没什么两样,但仔细一看,你就会发现它有点不寻常了:在车前面伸出的一根斜杆上竟然绑着一只蟑螂。布隆奎斯特是弗吉尼亚理工学院的昆虫神经生理学家,他正在和华盛顿大学的生物工程研究生史蒂芬·巴思奇试验用昆虫的神经肌肉反应来控制模型汽车。他们的目的是什么?原来他们打算研制一种供残疾人使用的轮椅。残疾人将能够用肌肉收缩——例如面部肌肉的抽搐——所产生的电脉冲来控制这种轮椅的行进。在试验中,他们将一个电极绑在蟑螂用来飞行的肌肉上。当他们向蟑螂吹气时,轻微的气流和蟑螂悬空的足使它以为它升到了空中,所以它就开始振动它的翼肌。

关键词： 临床科   神经再生   细胞因子   干细胞   神经系统   疼痛受体   神经功能   神经生理学   神经元活动   中枢  

摘要： 9943287 IL-6族细胞因子在神经再生中的作用[日]/田贺哲也∥临床科学.-1998,34(9).-1181～1191 冀医情9943288 神经系统干细胞对中枢神经功能的再生[日]倩桥淳∥临床科学.-1998,34(9).-1172～1180 冀医情9943289 疼痛受体的外周机制/熊泽孝朗∥神经研究と.-1998,42(3).-369～383

关键词： 神经元机   电生理学   神经细胞   临床科   神经生理学   研究   淀粉样   细胞内   睡眠   杏仁核  

摘要： 9939382 神经细胞与电生理学[日]/神保泰彦∥神经研究.-1997,41(6).-827～833 冀医图 9939383 细胞内淀粉样前蛋白的转达[日]/山崎恒夫∥神经研究.-1997,41(1).80～89 冀医图 9939384 脑和睡眠[日]/清水彻男∥临床科学.-1998,34(7).-941～948

关键词： childhood   EEG   EMG   evoked potentials   headache  

摘要： Electrophysiological studies in childhood headache are of interest because of the need to make a clinical diagnosis and also because of the efficacy of physiopathological studies in juvenile age attributable to the recent outcome of the illness, with less clinical modification by environmental factors or drug use. Electrophysiological studies in childhood headache are concerned with migraine and electroencephalographic (EEG) evaluations;evoked potentials, event-related potentials and, less often, electromyographic studies are also reported. Visual analysis of EEG suggests an association between migraine and epilepsy;quantitative EEG, visual and event-related evoked potentials show fluctuating abnormalities, depending on the occurrence of the migraine attacks and permanent anomalous patterns related to the basic mechanisms underlying the disease. Blink reflex studies might suggest a primary dysfunction of the nociceptive control central system in children affected by tension-type headache and migraine. The use of neurophysiological procedures in juvenile migraine is considered Limited in clinical practice and of particular interest in neurophysiological studies of headache.

关键词： 慢性病   整体保健   疼痛/诊断   疼痛/心理学   疼痛/治疗   医师的作用   心理生理性障碍/诊断   心理生理性障碍/心理学   心理生理性障碍/治疗   心理生理学   综合征   人类  

关键词： 阿朴吗啡/药理学   行为   动物/药物作用   条件反射   经典/生理学   辨别学习/药物作用   消退   心理学   习惯化   心理生理学   动物   男(雄)性   小鼠  

摘要： Several predictions of the habituation hypothesis of conditioned drug effects were tested by looking at contextual sensitization to apomorphine-induced climbing in mice (Mus musculus). Mice were first sensitized to that effect after 9 daily injections of 0.4 mg/kg apomorphine in the test context. Other mice received the same treatment outside the test context. On Day 10, all mice were challenged with either saline (conditioned drug effects test) or apomorphine (contextual sensitization test). On both tests, the levels of climbing of mice that received apomorphine paired with the test context during the intermittent treatment were significantly higher than those of mice that were experiencing the test context for the first time (unexposed mice). Also, the rate of extinction in conditioned mice did not parallel the rate of habituation in the unexposed mice. Results contradict the habituation hypothesis of conditioned drug effects and contextual sensitization.