关键词： 注意力/生理学   儿童行为/生理学   昼夜节律/生理学   饮食习惯   生活方式   心理过程/生理学   巴黎   心理生理学   问卷调查   院校   季节   睡眠/生理学   时间因素   儿童   人类  

摘要： AIM:This study was conducted in order to evaluate the attention capacity during the school day and week, taking school life and others factors into account in 10,000 children (8 to 11 years old) in public Parisian schools. MATERIAL AND METHODS:The test used to measure attention was a paper and pencil test validated from the Zazzo test. The children answered a questionnaire before each test to obtain information concerning the time and day of the test, and concerning also the different life styles of children, particularly quantity and quality of sleep and composition of breakfast. The evaluation was performed four times in the morning and four times in the afternoon every day, to measure exactly the fluctuations of attention. This study lasted four weeks. The last evaluation week took place after the summer time change. RESULTS:The results showed the existence of an ultradian fluctuation of attention during the day, with the lowest level between 08.00 a.m. and 09.30 a.m. and the highest level between 04.00 p.m. and 04.30 p.m. The attention levels on Monday and Thursday, after a day without school, were not lowered. Furthermore, after a 2 days weekend the attention level was higher than after a 1 day and half weekend. The summer time change also worsened the attention capacity of children all along the next week. Finally, there was a statistical relationship between children attention capacity and their sleep practice. CONCLUSION:These results confirm the ultradian fluctuation of attention capacity and show the importance of the regularity in the child's life style with respect to their mental functioning.

关键词： 联想学习/生理学   新小杆线虫   漂亮/遗传学   趋化作用   条件反射   经典   消退   心理学   习惯化   心理生理学   突变/遗传学   嗅觉受体神经元/生理学   动物  

摘要： The C. elegans mutants, lrn-1 and lrn-2, are impaired in associative learning using conditioned taste cues. Both mutants are defective in associative learning about appetitive and aversive events, indicating that lrn-1 and lrn-2 exert effects across motivational boundaries. In a new olfactory associative learning paradigm, in which wild type worms learn to avoid a previously attractive diacetyl odor after it has been paired with an aversive acetic acid solution, lrn-1 and lrn-2 are impaired. Although defective in associative learning using a conditioned olfactory cue, nonassociative learning (habituation and dishabituation) using this same olfactory cue is unaffected. The discovery that lrn-1 and lrn-2 are defective in associative learning with both taste and olfactory cues may suggest that associative learning in different sensory modalities converges on a common genetic pathway in C. elegans that is subserved by lrn-1 and lrn-2.

关键词： 健康态度   生活变动事件   疼痛/诊断   疼痛/病因学   疼痛/心理学   心理生理学   自我概念   体育运动/心理学   象征主义   人类  

关键词： 正中神经   神经介质   最新发展   神经生理学   喉上神经   机能的   桡侧腕屈肌   领域   研究   探讨  

摘要： 9931221 神经介质领域的最新发展/Chapple C∥Eur Urol.-1998,34(suppl1).-45～47 湘医图 9931222 由桡侧腕屈肌发出的正中神经F波的研究/Marchini C∥Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol.-1998,38(8).-451～453 冀医图 9931223 喉上神经机能的探讨[日]/古泽清文∥日形外会志.-1997,17(3).-191

关键词： 神经生理学   神经传导   内分泌   经颅磁刺激   神经传递物质   突触前抑制   神经元   下丘脑   皮层代表区   生理性震颤  

关键词： 阴部神经   神经生理学   性别相关   潜伏期   发育   投射   胺能神经元   运动   正中神经体感诱发电位   年龄  

摘要： 9923376 5-羟色胺能神经元的发育及其投射/Rubenstein J L R//Biol Psychiatry.-1998,44(3).-145～150 北精情9923377 阴部神经运动潜伏期与年龄和性别相关/Pradal-Prat D//ElectromyogrClin Neurophysiol.-1998,38(8).-491～496

关键词： 学习和记忆   神经生理学  

关键词： 军事医学/方法   军事人员/心理学   身体素质/生理学   身体素质/心理学   心理生理学   俄罗斯   战争   人类  

关键词： 昼夜节律   消化生理学   进食/生理学   摄食行为/生理学   家禽/生理学   时间因素   动物  

摘要： This paper summarises knowledge about temporal control of ad Libitum feeding in poultry, hom minute to minute, hour to hour and day to day, and about how it relates to aspects of gastrointestinal function. Evidence is presented of only loose control over initiation and termination of spontaneous meals, and it is proposed that degrees of hunger and satiety determine probabilities of feeding starting and stopping. Voluntary regulation of food intake can be considered in terms of adjustments in mean meal size, meal frequency or both. Short-term variation is associated more with meal frequency and longer-term changes more with meal size. Short-term adjustments appear to depend more on alimentary control and longer-term adjustments more on metabolic control (not considered here). Long-term changes affecting meal size are associated with changes in capacity of parts of the alimentary tract. Food can accumulate in the crop and gizzard, and meal initiation and termination are associated with varying degrees of emptying and filling of these diverticula during most of the day. Later in the day there is usually a conditioned change to cumulative filling of the crop land gizzard) with food that is digested overnight. Possible roles of osmo-/chemoreceptors and gut peptides are discussed. J. Exp. Zool. 283:339-347, 1999. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

关键词： 脑图   大脑皮质/生理学   认知科学   决策   进化   预测   基因表达调控   发育期   类人猿亚目/生理学   神经元可塑性   神经生理学   躯体感觉皮质/生理学   种特异性   触须/神经支配   触须/生理学   视通路/生理学   动物   人类   小鼠   大鼠  

摘要： Jon Kaas received a Ph.D. in Psychology with Irving Diamond at Duke University and completed a postdoctoral fellowship with Clinton Woolsey in neurophysiology at the University of Wisconsin, where he also collaborated with Ray Guillery. After 4 years as an Assistant Professor in Neurophysiology at Wisconsin, he moved to the Department of Psychology at Vanderbilt University where he is currently Centennial Professor. Awards include the Earl Sutherland Prize, Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award, Krieg Cortical Discoverer Award, and American Psychological Association Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award.