关键词： 慢性病   随访研究   习惯化   心理生理学   意像(心理疗法)/方法   病人依从   试点项目   精神病状态评定量表   自我评价   疾病严重程度指数   统计学   非参数   应激障碍   创伤后/治疗   治疗失败   成年人   女(雌)性   人类   男(雄)性  

摘要： A randomized trial was performed in which imaginal exposure (IE) and cognitive therapy (CT) were compared in the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Patients who continued to meet PTSD caseness at the end of a 4-week symptom-monitoring baseline period (n = 72) were randomly allocated to either IE or CT. There was a significant improvement in all measures over treatment and at follow-up, although there were no significant differences between the 2 treatments at any assessment. A significantly greater number of patients who showed worsening over treatment received IE, although this effect was not found at follow-up. Patients who worsened showed a greater tendency to miss treatment sessions, rated therapy as less credible, and were rated as less motivated by the therapist. It was concluded that either exposure or a challenge to cognition can result in symptom reduction, although neither resulted in complete improvement.

关键词： 儿童发育/生理学   发育障碍/治疗   反馈   习惯化   心理生理学   学习障碍/治疗   压抑致敏   青少年   儿童   人类  

摘要： Problems of habituation and sensitization as phenomena which help to control and to predict results of the learning speed in the 8-13 olds, depending on the level of their intellectual development, expressed by the intelligence quotient, were carried out with the use of the biofeedback method. The statistical analysis proved that there is relationship between the intelligence quotient and the level of the general organismic excitation has been observed in children with the intelligence quotient between 62 and 77, whereas the decreased one--at the intelligence quotient between 115 and 138. It seems that changes towards either the habituation or may a priori indicate the intelligence quotient value and vice versa. The correlation value has to be identified by further statistical-psychological analyses.

关键词： 心血管生理学   牙科治疗焦虑/病理生理学   牙科治疗焦虑/心理学   牙科医疗/心理学   牙医师/心理学   疼痛/病理生理学   疼痛/心理学   病人/心理学   心理生理学   成年人   儿童   儿童   学龄前   女(雌)性   人类   男(雄)性  

摘要： Changes in mean heart rate and in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure are induced by both the patient's anticipation of scheduled treatment and the actual dental treatment. Most of these changes are within the normal physiological variations, but significant changes are observed before administration of a local anaesthetic, during subgingival debridement and during extractions. Individual changes in heart rate and blood pressure are affected by age, gender, hypertension and previous dental experience. Pain also plays an important role in the cardiovascular response during dental treatment, which stresses the need for adequate analgesia. For this purpose, local anaesthetics with low concentrations of epinephrine seem preferable. They induce less pronounced cardiovascular responses than local anaesthetics with higher concentrations of epinephrine or without epinephrine. The changes in heart rate and blood pressure that occur in the dentist during the treatment are also discussed.

关键词： 方差分析   焦虑/心理学   条件反射   经典   电休克/方法   恐惧/心理学   习惯化   心理生理学   精神病状态评定量表   应激障碍   创伤后/心理学   退伍军人/心理学   成年人   人类   男(雄)性  

摘要： Aversive conditioning to explicit and contextual cues was examined in Gulf War veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by use of the startle reflex methodology. Veterans participated in a differential aversive conditioning experiment consisting of 2 sessions separated by 4 or 5 days. Each session comprised two startle habituation periods, a preconditioning phase, a conditioning phase, and a postconditioning extinction test. In contrast to the non-PTSD group, the PTSD group showed a lack of differential startle response in the presence of a conditioned stimulus with or without an unconditioned stimulus in Session 1 and an increase in the baseline startle response during Session 2. The PTSD group also exhibited normal differential conditioning following reconditioning in Session 2. These data suggest that individuals with PTSD tend to generalize fear across stimuli and are sensitized by stress.

关键词： 听诊   呼吸试验   消化生理学   红霉素/诊断应用   禁食/生理学   胃肠通过试验/生理学   测压法   甲氧氯普胺/诊断应用   肌电复合波   移行/生理学   东莨菪碱/诊断应用   生长抑素/诊断应用   声音   成年人   人类   男(雄)性  

摘要： Objective: We investigated the relationships among gastrointestinal sounds, gastrointestinal manometric findings, and small intestinal transit time in healthy fasted humans. Methods: Gastrointestinal sounds acquired with two microphones attached to the upper and lower abdominal walls of healthy subjects were quantified with a computer-aided sound analysis program. Antroduodenal contractions were recorded by manometry. Small intestinal transit time was measured by breath hydrogen testing after intraduodenal administration of lactulose. Results: The sum of the gastrointestinal sound amplitudes (sound index) in both the upper and lower abdomen changed with time, coinciding with the gastric phases of the migrating motor complex. The sound indices in the upper and lower abdomen were 59.0 +/- 24.8 and 98.1 +/- 21.6 mV/min in phase 1, 95.5 +/- 27.9 and 127.4 +/- 34.9 mV/min in phase 2, and 132.8 +/- 12.4 and 188.5 +/- 73.4 mV/min in phase 3, respectively. There were no significant differences among motility phases in terms of the mean duration or frequency of each sound event. Intravenous erythromycin induced phase 3 in the stomach and doubled the sound index. Somatostatin analogue induced phase-3-like clustered contractions in the duodenum, but inhibited antral contractions and decreased the sound index. The small intestinal transit time was shorter and the sound index increased after intravenous metoclopramide, compared with controls. Scopolamine delayed small intestinal transit time and decreased the sound index. Conclusions: This study is the first to document the relationships between gastrointestinal sounds and the migrating motor complex. The chronological relation between antral motility and gastrointestinal sounds, and the dissimilar effects of erythromycin and somatostatin, suggest that antral contractions increase gastrointestinal sounds, perhaps by supplying gas into the intestine. (Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:374-381, (C) 1999 by Am. Cell. of Gastroenterology).

关键词： 脑/诊断显像   脑/生理学   磁共振成像   心理生理学   放射摄影术   视知觉   人类  

摘要： Recent functional imaging studies have identified neural activity that is closely associated with the perception of illusory motion. The mapping of the mind onto the bin appears to be one-to-one: activity in visual 'motion area' MT is highly correlated with perceptual experience.

关键词： 神经生理学   抗氧化药   个体发育   非损伤性   超高龄   老年人   氧饱和度   脑氧合   比较性   记忆力  

摘要： ~~

关键词： 新生儿   性别   产褥期   心理生理学   产妇  

摘要： 目的：分析分娩女性新生儿的产妇１１０例。方法：与对照组分别按神经症筛选表和症状自评量表评定；并对比产后出血量、子宫复旧、乳汁分泌及尿潴留的差异。结果：新生儿为女性的产妇神经症及症状自评量表得分较高，产后出血量较多。

关键词： 女医生   邮票   外国   天津医科大学   昭通人民   神经生理学   斑疹伤寒   昭通地区   基督教徒   博物馆  

摘要： 天津医科大学党委书记、神经生理学教授崔以泰10年里一直在追寻着邮票上的一个女人、一位不寻常的外国女医生…… 集邮新发现 爱好集邮的崔以泰,多少年来一直过着简朴的日子,为的是多买一些邮票。他无论是因公务出国考察或签订合同,还是作为专家学者到国外赴会讲学,每到一个国家,当办完公事后,同行的人都争着去一睹异国风光。

关键词： 医科   医学   神经生理学   临检   友谊   听性脑干反应   视觉诱发电位   神经系统影响   核磁共振成像   心率变化