关键词： Animals   Behavior   Animal   Brain   Decision Making   Eye Movements   Humans   Motion Perception   Neurons   Sensation  

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis   ALS   motor neuron disease   MND   El Escorial criteria   Lambert criteria   EMG   electrodiagnosis  

摘要： For many years, the only published criteria for the electrodiagnostic (EDX) recognition of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were those formulated by Lambert (1957;1969). In 1990, different EDX guidelines were incorporated in the all-inclusive diagnostic criteria formulated by a subcommittee on ALS of the World Federation of Neurology, which met in Fl Escorial, Spain. Unfortunately, particularly in regard to the EDX requirements, the 'El Escorial criteria' have several flaws which compromise their usefulness. These include: (1) they ignore the fact that whenever upper and lower motor neuron disorders co-exist, as they characteristically do with ALS, the motor unit potential firing pattern is controlled by the upper motor neuron lesion;(2) they markedly devalue the usefulness of detecting fasciculations and, through presumably typographical error, state that the 'absence' rather than the 'presence' of fasciculations supports the diagnosis of ALS;this view is in direct conflict with the opinions expressed by most electromyographers;(3) they contain a statement regarding how the diagnosis of ALS is confirmed by the EDX studies which is confusing and, for two of the body regions (bulbar;thoracic), unrealistic;(4) finally, many of the EDX features they listed supporting the recognition of possible LMN degeneration appear to be mislabeled, while a few features in the EDX criteria are incorrect. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： .inducible   gene targeting   Gene Knockout   Mouse models   knockouts   tissue-specific   gene of interest   paradigms   mutant mice   behavioral tests   Mouse Strain   used to study  

摘要： Reverse genetics, in which detailed knowledge of a gene of interest permits in vivo modification of its expression or function, provides a powerful method for examining the physiological relevance of any protein. Transgenic and knockout mouse models are particularly useful for studies of complex neurobiological problems. The primary aims of this review are to familiarize the nonspecialist with the techniques and limitations of mouse mutagenesis, to describe new technologies that may overcome these limitations, and to illustrate, using representative examples from the Literature, some of the ways in which genetically altered mice have been used to analyze central nervous system function. The goal is to provide the information necessary to evaluate critically studies in which mutant mice have been used to study neurobiological problems.

关键词： Electric Stimulation Therapy   Adult   Electromyography   Female   Humans   Urethra   Urinary Retention  

摘要： Urinary retention occurring in young women as an isolated phenomenon was often thought to be psychogenic in origin. However, in 1988, Fowler et al. described a syndrome in young women in which urinary retention was the predominant feature and in which electromyography (EMG) of the striated urethral sphincter revealed a striking abnormality. This abnormality, it was postulated, would result in an inability of the sphincter to relax and retention would therefore result. Until recently there was no effective treatment for this disorder except management by clean intermittent self-catheterisation. However, preliminary results of neuromodulation using a Medtronic sacral nerve stimulator have been particularly promising in this group of patients. The response is often spectacular;a woman who has not passed urine per urethram for many months or years will frequently find that within a few hours of insertion of the percutaneous nerve evaluation (PNE) lead, she can void quite normally with little or no residual urine. The precise mechanism of action is yet to be defined, but measurements of the latency of anal sphincter contraction on S3 stimulation during PNE are so prolonged that they can only be the result of an afferent-mediated reflex.

关键词： 神经生理学   河南省   学术交流   学术会议   中华医学会   副主任委员   专题讲座   秘书   苏芳   选成  

摘要： 中华医学会河南分会临床神经生理学会于1998年8月25～27日在郑州召开第四次学术会议,会上经过正式改选成立了河南省第二届临床神经生理学会,主任委员苏芳忠、副主任委员宋新光、李增富、孔峰。秘书孔峰、杜长梅兼。会议进行了专题讲座及学术交流。

关键词： Psychophysiology   Respiration Disorders   Specialism   心理生理学   呼吸障碍   专门化   disciplines   Respiration Disorders   Specialism   Psychophysiology  

关键词： 结肠疾病   功能性/病因学   结肠疾病   功能性/心理学   消化生理学   恐怖症/心理学   恐怖症/治疗   心理疗法   转诊和会诊   女(雌)性   人类   中年人  

摘要： Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size

关键词： 电生理学   脑/辐射效应   胚胎和胎儿发育/辐射效应   神经生理学   微波   大鼠   动物  

关键词： 电生理学   神经生理学   微波   大鼠   动物  

关键词： 运动心理   生理学   紧张   肌肉放松  

摘要： 从运动心理学角度出发,阐明了赛前心理状态对肌肉放松能力的影响主要以“紧张”这一情绪两极化表现的心理状态,对大脑皮层的指挥中心造成的不良影响,从而使运动过程中肌肉的放松与紧张发生变化;同时又从生理学的角度,说明肌肉放松对短跑技术的影响。通过以上两方面的介绍,结合实际训练与比赛中如何衡量和要求运动员在短跑技术中充分做到放松,提出了自己的看法和建议。