关键词： event-related potentials   visual perceptual categorization   word perception   face perception   perceptual skill learning   posterior fusiform gyrus  

摘要： The nature and early time course of the initial processing differences between visually matched linguistic and nonlinguistic images were studied with event-related potentials (ERPs). The first effect began at 90 ms when ERPs to written words diverged from other objects, including faces. By 125 ms, ERPs to words and faces were more positive than those to other objects, effects identified with the P150. The amplitude and scalp distribution of P150s to words and faces were similar. The P150 seemed to be elicited selectively by images resembling any well-learned category of visual patterns. We propose that (a) visual perceptual categorization based on long-term experience begins by 125 ms, (b) P150 amplitude varies with the cumulative experience people have discriminating among instances of specific categories of visual objects (e.g., words, faces), and (c) the P150 is a scalp reflection of letterstring and face intracranial ERPs in posterior fusiform gyrus.

关键词： Ascaris suum   nematode   anthelmintic   glutamate   kainate receptor   motornervous system  

摘要： Electrophysiological and pharmacological techniques were used to study glutamatergic signalling in the parasitic nematode, Ascaris suum. Glutamate or kainate injections into whole worms produced a paralysed quasi-static posture similar to the waveform in behaving worms. The DE2 motorneuron class is a primary target. Several glutamatergic substances produced pronounced conductance increases and depolarization in DE2;domoate and kainate were the most potent agonists tested. Glutamate responses and spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic potentials in DE2 were reversibly blocked in sodium-free saline. DE2 sensitivity to exogenous glutamate was sustained during block of synaptic transmission suggesting that glutamatergic receptors are located on DE2 neurons. The glutamate-induced response was localized to the DE2 dendrite, coincident with the synapses responsible for spontaneous potentials in DE2. Steady-state potentials reached during glutamate superfusion were similar to the reversal potentials for both the spontaneous post-synaptic potentials and glutamate, also suggesting that these potentials may be glutamatergic. Non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists partially blocked spontaneous DE2 excitatory potentials and responses elicited by exogenous glutamate and kainate. This glutamatergic pathway may play a role in nematode locomotory behaviour and account for the paralysing anthelmintic action of excitatory amino acid analogues like kainate and domoate.

关键词： 神经生理学   透析   中枢神经系统   神经元活动   信息处理   肌肉系统   海马   记忆   本田   输送  

关键词： 神经生理学   器官生理学   耳鼻喉   脊髓   增龄   麻醉   功能   感官   展望   听觉  

摘要： ~~

关键词： 用脑习惯   优秀运动员   运动心理学   神经生理学  

摘要： 随着科学技术的飞速发展，体育运动不再是简单的体能较量，而是高水平的技术、战术及脑力的竞争．自“裂脑研究”以来，世界掀起了开发右脑的热潮．我国在这方面的研究尚无文献报道．本文试图通过普通学生、运动员与优秀运动员用脑习惯的对照研究，从神经生理、心理学角度探索运动能力与用脑习惯之间的关系，发现以上三者之间在用脑习惯上有显著性差异．

关键词： 学习-神经系统-生物学 生物学-学习-神经系统 记忆-神经系统-生物学  

ISBN: (纸本)7810348051

关键词： Wasting Syndrome   Diagnostic Techniques   Digestive System   Digestion   Gastrointestinal Diseases   Humans   Research Support   Non-U.S. Gov't  

摘要： Normal digestion is a complex and coordinated process that breaks food into constitutive molecules, some of which are absorbed and others passed through the body as waste. Many of the conditions associated with wasting syndromes alter normal digestive function and can lead to or exacerbate malnutrition. Digestive function can be defined by applying the principles of normal physiology. Our laboratory has developed a relatively comprehensive stable isotope method to assess function, which shows promise as a screening tool in evaluating patients with wasting syndromes. This and other tests of digestive function can be used to define the abnormalities associated with wasting and to direct or optimize antiwasting therapy.

关键词： 一氧化氮   耳鼻喉   一氧化碳   空间学习   神经生理学   时间信息   小鼠   认知   视觉言语   临床科  

摘要： 9832300 与小鼠空间学习有关的是一氧化氮而不是一氧化碳/Toyoda M∥Jpn JPharmacol,-1996,71(3),-205～212 重医图 9832301 言语认知和时间信息[日]/儿(?)久刚∥耳鼻喉临,-1996,89(11),-

关键词： 垂体前叶细胞   激素分泌   应激反应   大鼠脑   脑机能   丘脑下部   反应时间   有用性   神经生理学   摇摆  

摘要： 9824145 拘束应激反应对大鼠丘脑下部出现 CINC 和对大鼠脑垂体前叶细胞激素分泌的影响[日]/坂本能基//日不妊志.-1996,41(4).-268 冀医情9824146 反应时间对高次脑机能课题的有用性[日,英摘]/丸石正治//脑神经.-1996,48(7).-631～636 冀医情9824147 对论文"心搏摇摆的 fractal

关键词： 压力感受器   脉管学   荧光显微镜观察   颈动脉窦   微循环   脑循环   神经生理学   细动脉   血管网   颈部  

摘要： 9828309 颈部抽吸时颈动脉窦压力感受器和脑循环的关系[日]/松井丰裕∥脉管学.-1995,35(9).-784 冀医情9828310 荧光显微镜观察脑的微循环动态:广域的细动脉血管网和血流分布[日]/山口三郎∥脉管学.-1995,35(9).