关键词： 躯体感觉诱发电位   健康成人   认知功能   脑结构   葡萄糖代谢   大鼠   神经生理学   高强度   脑内   白质  

摘要： 9722821 大鼠躯体感觉诱发电位的生后发生[日,英摘]/濑尾美佐子//日生理志.-1995,57(1).-25～32 医大图9722822

关键词： acoustic neuroma   auditory brain stem response   auditory evoked potentials   cochlear nerve   evoked potentials   hearing loss   monitoring   vestibular schwannoma  

摘要： OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the significance of the presence or absence of auditory brain stem response (ABR) Waves I, III, and V as functional representatives of the cochlea, the nucleus cochlearis, and the colliculus inferior, respectively, and attempted to identify the microsurgical maneuvers that were especially likely to cause isolated or combined component losses and subsequent hearing losses. METHODS: Based on the previously described ABR classification system, 201 patients with preserved Waves I, III, and V or Waves I and V were investigated for the peak latencies and amplitudes of the waves at 15 defined microsurgical stages. Analysis was performed with respect to the presence or absence of ABR components during specific microsurgical actions and the related danger of deafness. RESULTS: Temporary or permanent losses of Waves V, I, and III occurred with 21, 27, and 29% of surgical actions, respectively, leading to deafness in 65 to 78% of the patients. Wave III disappearance was identified as the earliest and most sensitive sign. Wave V loss was usually preceded by disappearances of Waves I and III. During the most dangerous actions (drilling, pulling downward, medially, or laterally, and direct nerve manipulation), special attention was paid to deterioration of Wave III and then Wave I;if impairment was seen, intermittent breaks or changes in the type or site of microsurgical action were used to enable wave recovery. Acute, simultaneous, and permanent loss of all waves occurred in 27.5% of postoperatively deaf patients, whereas stepwise wave deterioration and losses occurred in 72.5%. CONCLUSION: Useful (in-time) recognition of significant waveform changes is possible and enables a change of microsurgical maneuvers to favor ABR recovery.

关键词： absorption efficiency   bivalves   cellulose   clearance rate   digestion   feeding   Geukensia demissa   intertidal   mussel  

摘要： The effect of increasing tidal exposure on the feeding and digestive physiology of the ribbed mussel Geukensia demissa was investigated. Four groups of 6 mussels were emersed for various durations per 12 h tidal cycle (9, 6, 3 h and immersed controls, giving percentage durations of emersion of 75, 50, 25 and 0%). A pulse-chase C-14 radiotracer experiment was designed to assess mussel ingestion rates and absorption efficiencies for lignocellulosic detritus derived from Spartina alterniflora. Mussels subjected to the longest duration of emersion fed more actively during their short immersion period compared to mussels emersed for shorter periods or continuously immersed. Clearance rates of mussels emersed 75% of the time (mean +/- SD = 1.56+/-0.45 1 . g(-1). h(-1);n = 6) were significantly higher than the clearance rates of mussels emersed for 25 and 50% of the time, or for those that were continuously immersed (0.31+/-0.28, 0.52+/-0.37 and 0.49+/-0.39 1 . g(-1). h(-1)), respectively. Mussels subjected to periodic emersion showed a greater capacity to digest the refractory lignocellulosic carbon compared to mussels that were continuously immersed. Absorption efficiencies of mussels periodically emersed (range 22.2 to 25.6%) were significantly higher than those of mussels continuously immersed (16.1%). These results demonstrate that mussels exhibit physiological adaptations to help compensate for the reduced time available for feeding that is associated with living high in the intertidal zone. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

关键词： 神经生理学   杏仁中央核   CRH   血压  

摘要： 在戊巴比妥钠麻醉的大鼠，观察杏仁中央核（CeA）内微量注射促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）对血压的影响，并对其中枢机制进行初步探讨。结果如下：（1）CeA内微量注射CRH产生剂量依赖性血压升高，这种升压效应一般出现在注射后5min左右，可维持1h以上。（2）CeA内给予CRH受体措抗剂α－helicalCRH9-41，能取消CeA内注射CRH引起的升压效应。（3）侧脑室内给予纳洛酮，显著减弱CeA内注射CRH引起的升压效应。（4）NTS内给予α－helicalCRH9-41，显著减弱CeA中CRH引起的升压效应。上述结果提示，CeA内微量注射CRH引起的升压效应可能部分是通过阿片系统起作用的，杏仁-孤束核的CRH通路可能是CeA中CRH引起血压升高的下行通路之一。

关键词： 神经生理学   腺苷   肾前感神经活动   传出活动  

摘要： 在切断两侧缓冲神经和迷走神经的麻醉大鼠，观察心室内注射腺苷及其同系物对肾交感神经传出活动的影响。心室内冲击注射腺昔（0．5μmol／kg，0．1ml）时，肾交感神经传出放电（RSNA）增加41．9±6．08％（P＜0．001），并引起平均动脉血压（MAP）先短暂升高1．39±0．19kPS（P＜0．001）和随后下降3．74±0．64kPa（P＜0．001），以及心率（HR）减慢95±14bpm（P＜0．001）。为了确定何种受体亚型介导腺苷所致RSNA增加，又分别应用了选择性腺昔A1受体激动剂[（-）-N6－（2－Phenylisopropyl）adenosine，R－PIA]和A2受体激动剂[5＇－（N－ethylcarboxamido）adenosine，NECA]。无论R－PIA（0．05μmol／kg，0．1ml）或NECA（0．05μmol／kg，0．1ml）均使MAP下降和HR减慢，且作用持续时间较腺苷的明显延长；R－PIA使RSNA增加31．6±5．21％（P＜0．001），但NECA对RSNA无明显影响。选择性腺苷A1受体拮抗剂（8－cyclopentyl－1，3－dipropylxanthine，DPCPX）可完全抑制腺苷对RSNA的兴奋效应。切除双侧星状神经节后，腺苷兴奋RSNA的效应消失。以上结果提示，腺苷可通过A1受体激活心交感神经传入纤维，反射地增强肾交感神经的传出活动。

关键词： c-fos表达   心理应激   心理生理学   中枢神经系统  

摘要： 近年来，ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达作为脑细胞激活的标志，已广泛应用于心理应激脑机制的研究，并已取得了相当的进展。根据目前的认识，本文讨论了以下几个问题：（１）与心理应激有关的脑区及其与促皮质激素释放激素（ＣＲＦ）作用的关系；（２）室旁核中ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达与ＣＲＦ的关系；（３）杏仁核与ＣＲＦ系统；（４）ＣＲＦ系统的其它研究；（５）心理应激的非ＣＲＦ系统。

关键词： 神经生理学   蓝斑   孤束核   迷走神经  

摘要： 在戊巴比妥钠麻醉兔，电刺激颈迷走神经中枢端，在同侧孤束核（NTS）区可记录到一个由三个子波组成的复合电位。它们的潜伏期分别为6．8±0．6ms（P1），25．8±4．2ms（P2）和89．1±2．7ms（P3）。这可能代表着不同性质的迷走传入纤维的突触后电位。同侧蓝斑（LC）内微量注射谷氨酸钠使P2，P3波的幅值明显降低。电刺激LC在同侧NTS区诱发出111个有反应单位，其潜伏期平均为6．3±1．4ms。在169个对迷走传入刺激有反应的NTS单位中，有90个对LC刺激也有反应。39个（占43．3％）会聚性单位对上述两种刺激的反应相似，而其余的呈不同的反应。对LC和迷走刺激分别均呈兴奋反应的25个NTS单位中，如预先刺激LC，则有14个单位对迷走刺激的兴奋反应受到明显抑制，另11个单位的兴奋反应完全被抑制。上述结果提示：激活蓝斑核具有抑制NTS对迷走传入刺激反应的作用。

关键词： 促尿钠排泄肽   大脑灌注压   神经病学家   神经生理学   神经介质   内皮素   血流量   奥恩   活化因子   记忆缺失  

摘要： 9712076 神经病学家伊弗齐奥恩在生理学领域中的杰出发现[俄].-1995,95(3).-63～69 友谊医9712077 用 Opioid 和促尿钠排泄肽进行内皮素释放的神经介质调节/Arendt RM//Tramsplant Prol.-1995,27(3).-2092～2096 医科图9712078 层血流量和大脑灌注压的变化/Bederson J B//Stroke.-1995,26(6).-1086～1092

关键词： 神经生理学   功能性磁共振成像   运动皮质   电生理   感觉   定位  

关键词： 银屑病   心理学   心理生理学  

摘要： 临床研究及心理调查表明,心理因素对银屑病发病及病程都有深远的影响。该文综合介绍了近年来银屑病研究的生物心理社会模式。着重叙述银屑病发病的心理因素和可能的机理;心理治疗的必要性与可行性,以及目前采取的一套心理治疗方法。