关键词： P3   event-related potential   twins   heritability   IQ  

摘要： The present study examined the heritability of the P3 waveform and the N1, P2, and N2 components by assessing the visual event-related potential (ERP) of 30 monozygotic (MZ) and 34 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs. Electroencephalogram activity was recorded from Pz, P3, and P4 scalp sites while individuals performed a reaction time task involving two conditions differing in difficulty. Genetic modeling indicated substantial genetic influence on P3 amplitude, P3 latency, and manual reaction time for the difficult condition. No significant heritability was found for the latency of P3 or manual reaction time for the easy condition, but P3 amplitude was heritable for this condition. The amplitude of the early components (N1, P2, and N2) was heritable, but no significant genetic influences were found for the latency of these components. Compared with the DZ twins, the greater similarity of the MZ pairs on the event-related potential measures was not due to their greater similarity in either head dimensions or mental ability, despite the facts that IQ scores were weakly correlated with P3 and N2 amplitude and that amplitude and latency were related to some measures of head size. These findings suggest that P3 amplitude and the amplitude of earlier ERP components are under partial genetic control, supporting the notion that these ERP components could perhaps be used to identify genetic risk for psychopathology.

关键词： 神经-人体-科学研究-发展战略-研究报告-中国  

ISBN: (纸本)7030055381

关键词： 消化系统-病理生理学  

ISBN: (纸本)7535916813

关键词： 保加利亚   设施的设计和建造   知觉掩蔽/生理学   心理生理学   视知觉/生理学   人类  

摘要： To investigation were submitted the particularities of the process of visual perception of technical drawings and schemes in advanced and backward pupils, who were mastering the specialties of "building and architecture", "hydroconstruction", "transport construction", "geodesy". The time was registered, which was necessary to advanced and backward pupils for unveiling the different elements in the drawing, scheme, and such attributes of the drawing as: orientation, length, curves of the lined, the boundary between them;time for identification of the specific designations, symbols, group of symbols, elements of the sketch from the simple to the complex ones. The results of the investigations revealed that in the advanced pupils the perception (unveiling) of the different elements of the technical drawing proceeded very rapidly, almost automatically. In the backward pupils this process elapsed reliably more slowly. It was demonstrated that the growing up pupils, who were distinguished with more rapid perception of the different elements of the drawing (advanced ones) more rapidly and more exactly dealt with solution of the technical tasks as compared with these, who more slowly unveiled the looked for elements (backwardness). Some other individual particularities were also established with respect to the visual perception of the elements of the technical drawing and its properties in advanced and backward pupils who were mastering the investigated professions.

关键词： 脑电磁图   临床神经生理学   肌阵挛   神经肌肉疾病   运动神经病   兴奋毒性   电压依赖性钠通道   肌萎缩侧索硬化   轴索   轴突   异常放电   癫痛   神经性肌强直   脑皮质电图   肌电图   肌肉生物电势图   电诊断图  

摘要： 第10届国际肌电图和临床神经生理学会议(以下简称会议)于1995年10月15日至1995年10月19日在日本京都市举行。来自世界各国的代表约1100人出席了会议。我国代表13人,其中北京协和医院神经内科7人,其余6位代表分别来自上海、成都、安徽、宁夏以及山东潍坊等地。会议正式录用论文991篇,展示了近年来神经生理学、神经电生理学以及临床神经病学诸方面研究进展。

关键词： 慢性痛   神经生理学   神经损伤  

摘要： 各种因素引起的外周神经损伤可诱发痛觉过敏、感觉倒错等病理现象。最近的有关研究表明，神经损伤后受损的初级传入A和C类纤维的异位电活动是导致慢性痛的外周因素，异常放电的产生是由于受损神经细胞上新生的K、Na和Ca通道在神经损伤区及背根神经节细胞堆及的结果，其中Ca通道具有决定性的作用。交感神经节后纤维释放的NE是诱发这种异位放电的外周介质，而实验证明NE主要是通过α受体亚型介导的。在动物实验也表明，外科或化学性切除交感神经均能够不同程度地缓解或预防神经损伤后动物所呈现出的疼痛和痛觉过敏。最近形态学研究发现，在完全切断坐骨神经主干所建立的神经瘤模型或切断组成坐骨神经主干的腰4和／或腰5脊神经所建立的脊神经结扎疼痛模型，受损周围神经的近侧端和相应的DRGs内交感性纤维数量增加，并在DRG内某些神经元周围形成网状结构，这有可能是交感神经与初级感觉神经元发生功能联系的形态学基础。CCI模型是由Bennett和Xie所建立的一种慢性压迫大鼠坐骨神经致慢性疼痛动物模型，本模型所表现出的症状与临床患者极为相似。本研究以CCI模型为实验对象，采用脊髓背根单纤维记录和DRG胞外微电极记录技术，通过在神经损伤区或DRG灌流不同的离子通道药物或NE能受体药物，观察这些药物对异位放电的作用，以进一步分析外周神经损伤区新生离子通道与电活动之间的关系以及能够抑制异位放电的Ca通道阻断剂Mn的最低有效浓度、分析交感神经对不同类型神经元作用的机制;通过乙醛酸诱发荧光和组织原位杂交的方法，观察坐骨神经损伤后不同时间DRG内交感性纤维形态学和DRG细胞SP mRNA表达的改变以及在坐骨神经损伤前一周外科切除交感神经及腹腔注射Ca通道阻断剂Mn(氯化锰溶液)对这种改变的影响，探讨受损初级感觉神经元上新生的Ca通道对DRG内交感神经性纤维异位支配及DRG细胞SP mRNA表达之间的作用及交感神经、Ca通道、SP mRNA表达三者之间的关系。实验共分为三部分，其主要结果如下： 一．锰离子(Mn)对病理性初级传入A和C类纤维异位电活动及动物痛行为的作用

摘要： Digestive-tract morphology and function were studied in the ground cuscus (Phalanger gymnotis), reported to be the most frugivorous of eight species of New Guinean phalangerid marsupials. When offered a mixed diet of fruit and foliage, captive animals selected a diet of more than 90% fruit. Fibre digestibility was low and variable, but apparent digestibilities of both dry matter (90%) and energy (87%) were high, and intake of digestible energy was similar to that of the Australian phalangerid Trichosurus vulpecula (common brushtail possum) in captivity. The small intestine of P. gymnotis was the longest and heaviest region of the gastrointestinal tract, but the stomach contained more digesta. The total nitrogen content of digesta was low in the stomach and small intestine, but increased four-fold in the hindgut, because of microbial activity. No difference in nitrogen concentration or in the proportions of small or medium particles was found along the hindgut, but the caecum contained a smaller proportion of large particles than the distal colon. The transit time of a large particle marker was much longer than that of a solute marker, but mean retention times (MRTs) of the two markers did not differ. Both transit times and MKTs were long relative to those reported in T. vulpecula. Although fermentation rates in the caecum and proximal colon were similar to those in T. vulpecula on a foliage diet, fluid volumes were less than one-third those of T. vulpecula, and, consequently, daily production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was less than half that in T. vulpecula, and contributed only 5% of digestible energy intake (v. 15% in T. vulpecula). These results are consistent with reports that the natural diet of P. gymnotis is based largely on fruit rather than on foliage.

摘要： We have developed a consultation forum for clinical neurophysiology in Finland. The system connects local digital electroencephalography (EEC) recording and analysing networks using a high-speed asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network. Clinicians can obtain a second opinion using interactive data and video consultations or using data-only consultations. In addition, the system can be used for off-line review of pre-recorded data. During a one-month evaluation, 66 EEC recordings were made altogether in Satakunta Central Hospital and consultations were required on 12 occasions. Nine of them were data-only consultations and three were data and video consultations. A data consultation lasted 15-20 min and a data and video consultation 35 min. Clinically, there were numerous benefits for the hospitals. The system established a link to a centre of excellence for second opinions or continuing education. It also helped with on-duty arrangements and enabled the construction of national data banks.

关键词： Models   Psychological   Nervous System Physiology   Brain   Central Nervous System   Cognition   Humans   Magnetic Resonance Imaging   Neurons   Neurophysiology   Perception   Peripheral Nervous System   Psychophysiology   Terminology   Tomography   Emission-Computed  

摘要： Discusses issues in modern neuroscience concerning the relation between perceptual experience and neurophysiological findings. Assumptions of psychophysical-neurophysiological bridges; Presentation of important proofs to psychophysical-neurophysiological bridges; Confusion of peripheral transmission codes with central psychoneural equivalents.