关键词： 磁刺激   神经生理学   历史回顾   光幻视   电刺激   扁平线圈   周围神经   电容器组   变压器   动物电  

摘要： 磁刺激技术在临床神经生理学的应用（第一部份磁刺激简介及历史回顾）卢祖能，汤晓芙一、概述自一个多世纪以前电能应用于人体、并开始在其医学专业的应用以来，作为临床诊断和治疗上的目的一直都是与神经病学紧密相关的。临床电生理学在很大程度上一直都取决于电位的应用...

关键词： Clinical neurophysiology   headache   neurotransmitters  

摘要： Clinical neurophysiology allows non-invasive assessment of neurotransmitter function in various regions of the central and peripheral nervous system. In this review, we describe examples of functional evaluation of neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction, in some spinal interneurons and intracortical circuits as well as evaluation of pharmacological modulation of some electrophysiological tests. These investigations are carried out to help our understanding of the pathophysiology of brain diseases. Finally, we discuss possible relationships between electrophysiological tests (evoked/event-related potentials and exteroceptive suppression of temporalis muscle activity) and neurotransmitter function in headache.

关键词： C-FIBER RECEPTORS   COUGH   COUGH RECEPTORS   NEUROPEPTIDES   RAPIDLY ADAPTING RECEPTORS   TACHYKININS  

摘要： Cough is due to activation of sensory receptors in the larynx and lower respiratory tract, sending impulses to the brainstem, The central organization of cough is poorly understood. The afferent pathways for cough are from receptors in and under the epithelium of the airways, These receptors are rapidly adapting, with thin myelinated fibres in the vagus nerves, which can be directly stimulated by tussive agents, Activation of C-fibre receptors in the airway releases sensory neuropeptides, These cause neurogenic inflammation and may activate rapidly adapting receptors to cause cough, The central connections of the C-fibre receptors inhibit cough, Thus, the sensitivity of the cough reflex and its pattern of response is due to a complex cough receptors interaction between C-fibre receptors and rapidly adapting receptors, with peripheral and central nervous interactions. How these mechanisms apply to clinical cough in patients is at present poorly understood, but is beginning to be clarified.

关键词： 麻醉   神经生理学  

关键词： 认知神经科学   高科技教育   人工智能   计算神经科学   认知神经心理学   新书介绍   心理生理学   人工神经网络   认知心理学   认知过程  

摘要： “认知神经科学导论”高科技教育新书介绍王玲（北京大学心理系）１９９４年９月由国家教委推荐，华北五家教育出版社推出一套（１本）高科技教育丛书，“认知神经科学导论”是该丛书中的一本跨学科专著．该书由北京大学心理系教授沈政及其合作者林庶芝合著，全书３０多万...

关键词： 突触   长时程增强   神经生理学  

摘要： 长时程增强(Long-term Potention,LTP)效应是突触可塑性的一种形式,这一现象被认为是记忆过程中神经元生理活动的指标.它与学习记忆有密切的关系.伴随着LTP的产生,对其形成机理的研究表明,兴奋性酸性氨基酸及其NMDA受体、钙离子通道、蛋白激酶C、即早基因以及一氧化氮可能参与了LTP的形成.

关键词： 神经生理学   学习   记忆   长时程增强  

关键词： 老年   学习记忆减退   突触素   神经生理学  

摘要： 对由Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ水迷宫分得的青年、老年记忆正常和记忆减退鼠的脑组织分别进行突触、ＡＣｈＥ纤维、突触素、小白蛋白神经元以及突触体钙离子浓度（［Ｃａ^（２＋）］ｉ）、膜流动性的定量分析。结果表明老年记忆减退鼠新皮质、海马结构突触素含量、突触、胆碱能纤维、小白蛋白阳性神经元密度及突触体膜流动性较老年记忆正常和青年鼠明显降低，［Ｃａ^（２＋）］ｉ明显增加。老年记忆正常鼠与青年鼠各项均无显著差异。本研究提示各研究指标的异常与老年学习记忆减退密切相关。

关键词： NEOCORTICAL SLICE   PEDIATRIC EPILEPSY   LOCAL CIRCUIT   NMDA RECEPTOR   EPILEPTIFORM BURST  

摘要： The recent emergence of surgical treatment of childhood epilepsy has led to the accessibility of young human cerebral tissue for electrophysiological studies of the mechanisms involved in epileptogenesis. Intracellular recordings were obtained from neurons in slices prepared from neocortical tissue resected from children (3 months to 15 years) with catastrophic epilepsy. Data from 'least abnormal' versus 'most abnormal' tissue were compared;the evaluation of the degree of abnormality was based on several clinical criteria. Hypotheses concerning NMDA receptors, local synaptic circuits, and epileptiform bursts were tested. The NMDA receptor-mediated component of synaptic responses, which was isolated pharmacologically, had a voltage dependence that was functionally mature by 8-10 months of age and did not appear to be altered even in the most abnormal tissue. Local inhibitory and excitatory synaptic circuits were present as early as 11 months and 8 months, respectively. Local excitatory circuits were sufficiently extensive in young children to initiate and sustain epileptiform activity when synaptic inhibition was suppressed. Bicuculline-induced epileptiform bursts were similar to those in adult human or animal neocortical slices. Burst duration and the presence of after-discharges were unrelated to patient age or tissue abnormality. These data demonstrate that (1) the electrophysiological properties of human neocortical neurons are very similar to those observed in animal experiments, (2) the mechanisms of neuronal communication are qualitatively mature within the first year of life, and (3) synaptic transmission and local neuronal circuits appear qualitatively normal, even in the most abnormal tissue from children with catastrophic epilepsy.

关键词： 中国红十字会救护总队   林可胜   战时卫生人员训练所   抗日救国运动   国民党政府   教授   生理学家   消化生理学   北京协和医学院   中国生理学会  

摘要： 林可胜教授是世界著名的生理学家，也是著名的医学家和教育家，他热爱祖国，不辞辛劳和生命危险，亲自参加救死扶伤，抗日救国，他为了培养生理科学的年轻一代和发展我国的生理科学事业，呕心沥血，日夜辛劳。我们纪念他的丰功伟绩，学习他的爱国和治学精神，继承他的高尚品德?（共1页)