关键词： 物理演示实验   申农   通讯工程   实验的作用   教学工作   维纳   神经生理学   视觉信息   物理学习   教师语言  

摘要： 1 信息论及其有关的几个概念 信息论最初是由美国的申农、维纳等人于本世纪40年代创立的,当时主要是研究有关通讯工程的问题.以后研究领域不断开拓,除了通讯外,又涉及心理学、语言学、神经生理学、教育、教学工作等许多方面的内容.信息作为科学概念有多种表述,本文按通讯的角度把信息看作消除不确定性的东西,即消除或减少不确定性,收信者就获得了信息(这也是申农的观点)。

关键词： ALZHEIMERS DISEASE   DIAGNOSIS   CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY  

关键词： EAR   PHYSIOLOGY   BRAIN-STEM AUDITORY EVOKED POTENTIALS   AUDITORY NERVOUS SYSTEM   ACOUSTIC MIDDLE EAR REFLEX  

摘要： The anatomy and the physiology of the ear and the auditory system are reviewed. The differences between the anatomy and physiologY in humans and animals commonly used in auditory research are discussed. The clinical importance of brainstem auditory evoked potentials and their neural generators are discussed as well as the anatomy and physiology of the acoustic middle ear reflex. The possible clinical relevance of the extralemniscal auditory system is also addressed.

关键词： neurophysiology   photoreceptors   retina   turtle   visual processing  

摘要： How the vertebrate retina encodes and analyses information concerning light New increment and decrement, form, colour and movement is not fully understood. Neurophysiological studies of turtle retina have provided insights into how different types of visual information are processed. In the visual system, distinct functional channels appear to operate in parallel, namely ON/OFF, colour opponent/non‐colour opponent and transient/sustained channels. Using the turtle retina as a model, this three‐part review shows how functional pathways emerge from interactions between retinal neurons. It discusses how distinctive receptive field properties of the various types of retinal neuron are generated, as well as their significance for visual processing. Photoreceptors, which convert light into an electrical signal, are the subject of Part I. The structure, connectivity and light responses of these highly specialised cells are discussed. Photoreceptors are unusual sensory receptors because they respond to light with membrane hyperpolarisation. This decreases the rate of release of their neurotransmitter, glutamate. The phototransmitter interacts with postsynaptic receptors on horizontal and bipolar cells. Part II focuses on these second order neurons. Part III concludes with a discussion of amacrine and ganglion cells of the inner retina. Copyright © 1994, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

关键词： 神经生理学   内分泌系统   免疫网络  

摘要： 神经─内分泌─免疫网络Ｎｅｕｒｏ—Ｅｎｄｏｃｒｉｎｅ─ＩｍｍｕｎｉｔｙＮｅｔｗｏｒｋ￥／／谢蜀生（北京医科大学免疫学教研室，教授北京１０００８３）机体内环境的稳定，即稳态（Ｈｏｍｅｏｓｔｏｓｉｓ），是生命体存在的基础。稳态是机体通过对体内外各种刺激的...

关键词： 脑   神经生理学   心理   记忆   感觉  

摘要： 在五个皮质视区之间，靠重新进入联系、多步骤整合形成完整的视象。４０Ｈｚ的γ振荡可能是意识性知觉的相关性。大脑皮质内有三套相互联系的系统处理语言信息，即概念、语言及介导系统，三者各有对应的失语症。工作记忆靠额前皮质谷氨酸神经元与多巴胺间的平衡。陈述性学习的Ｈｅｂｂ突触机制与一氧化氮有关。条件反射中的条件刺激与非条件刺激会聚于腺苷酸环化酶上。ＬＴＰ既靠Ｈｅｂｂ突触机制，又靠依赖活动的突触前易化机制。

关键词： 基础研究   摄食行为   路易斯安那州   里奥   神经学   神经生理学   养殖业者   卫生研究所   鱼护   卜甲  

摘要： 美国路易斯安那州立大学的杰·开普里奥教授通过对鲇鱼摄食行为的神经生理学15年的基础研究,发现了一系列能够刺激鲇鱼食饵反应的化合物。教授多年来对鱼类神经学及行为学的研究。

关键词： 神经生理学   基因转移   神经科学  

摘要： 单纯疱疹病毒载体的发展，使外源基因可以直接转移进入离体培养的或在体的成熟神经细胞。在神经生理学中起关键作用的一些蛋白质，例如与动作电位的产生、神经递质的合成与释放有关的蛋白质，以及与信息转导有关的酶等，经基因改造后，能在神经元中稳定地表达，并且可以运用现代神经科学的方法来验证这些通过基因改造而修饰了的蛋白质在神经生理过程中的作用。此种基因操纵具有生化特异性和相对的稳定性，能定点作用于特定的细胞和细胞内特定的亚细胞成份，从而在分子水平对脑功能进行深入研究。

摘要： To determine the long-term neurotoxicity of prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 54 children-27 'Yu-Cheng' ('oil disease') children and 27 controls-were administered a battery of tests, including the WISC-R, auditory event-related potentials (P300), pattern visual evoked potentials (P-VEPs) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs). Full-scale IQ scores on the WISC-R were lower for the Yu-Cheng group than for the control group. Mean P300 latencies were significantly longer, and P300 amplitude significantly more reduced, in the Yu-Cheng group than in the control group at Cz and Pz. There were no significant difference in peak latencies and amplitudes between the two groups for P-VEPs and SSEPs. These findings suggest that prenatal exposure to PCBs tends to affect high cortical function rather than the sensory pathway in the developing brain.

关键词： Magnetoencephalography   Drug Resistant Epilepsy   spikes   eeg machine   Electroencephalography   spike   Spike   Intraoperative Electrocorticography   Epilepsy   Magnetic Resonance Imaging   Seizures   Electrocorticography  

摘要： Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology of epilepsy have enhanced our ability to study the epileptogenic region and have improved the localization of seizures in patients with intractable epilepsy. Computed spike analyses using electroencephalogram or magnetoencephalography superimposed on magnetic resonance images define precise relationships between mathematically derived spike sources and cortical anatomy. Studies of seizures recorded during long-term scalp and intracranial electroencephalogram monitoring using diverse methods are refining the techniques currently used for seizure analysis. Recent investigations analyzing interictal spike patterns seen during intraoperative electrocorticography attempt to establish the role of electrocorticography in the evaluation of patients with epilepsy. The impact of these new developments in the field of epilepsy as well as objectives for future investigations are reviewed.