关键词： 植物生理学实验   实验教学   教学改革  

摘要： 在分析六盘水师范学院植物生理学实验教学现状和存在问题的基础上,从3个方面对植物生理学实验进行教学改革的探索,即整合实验内容、增加综合性和设计性实验项目;引入启发式的实验课教学方法和加大过程考核成绩。通过对实验项目、教学方法及考核方式的综合改革,以提高学生实验操作、归纳分析及创新思维能力,从而充分调动学生实验的兴趣,培养学生的实验技能和综合素质。

关键词： 蜱   化学感应   神经生理学   药物   靶标  

摘要： 蜱类对人和动物的危害日益严重,蜱类控制和蜱传疾病预防离不开化学药物。本文围绕蜱类化学防控药物研发,综述了蜱类化学感应和神经生理学等方面的研究进展。作为节肢动物中较早分化出来的类群,蜱类化学感应和神经生理特征具有明显的独特性,依据昆虫化学感应和神经生理特征研发的化学药物不总是适合于控制蜱类和预防蜱媒病传播,及时开展蜱类化学感应和神经生理的内在机制和分子基础研究,才能在未来新一代蜱类控制药物研发中有所突破。

关键词： 神经生物学   教育实践   计算机断层扫描术   脑神经科学   神经生理学   生长发育阶段   神经心理测试   功能性磁共振  

摘要： 教育生物学(bio-education),是从生物学、神经生理学、神经心理学、脑神经科学的角度研究人类教育现象及其一般规律的学科。生物科学与教育科学相融合形成的一门交叉学科。其研究对象是人,着重研究处于接受教育和生长发育阶段的儿童和青少年个体及群体。借助生物医学手段,如神经心理测试、神经生物学的动物实验、神经生理学的检查,以及神经影像学的研究,包括脑计算机断层扫描术(CT)、脑电图(EEG),脑磁共振(MRI)、功能性磁共振(fMRI)、正电子扫描(PET)等,研究人体和人脑的本体结构及其发生发展以及人体和人脑的功能,包括学习、记忆、注意、认知、情感、创造、社会性等大脑活动的奥秘,并将科学研究成果广泛地应用于人类的教育实践。这些方法和技术在教育教学中的应用效果可以通过以生物医学客观指标变化为依据的检验,从而摒除既往评价标准的主观性。

关键词： 植物生理学   实验教学   创新思维   实验模块  

摘要： 分析了安徽科技学院农学专业植物生理学实验课程教学模式的局限性,提出在农学专业植物生理学实验教学中融入创新思维的教学改革思路,总结出融入创新思维的植物生理学实验模块教学的四大特色。

关键词： Apelin/APJ   digestive   diseases   gastrointestinal (GI)   tumor   INHIBITS INSULIN-SECRETION   THERAPEUTIC TARGET   APJ RECEPTOR   ENDOGENOUS LIGAND   GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT   FOOD-INTAKE   PORTAL-HYPERTENSION   LIVER-REGENERATION   ADIPOKINE APELIN   WATER-IMMERSION  

摘要： Apelin is an endogenous ligand of seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin and APJ are distributed in various tissues, including the heart, lung, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract and even in tumor tissues. Studies show that apelin messenger RNA is widely expressed in gastrointestinal (GI) tissues, including stomach and small intestine, which is closely correlated with GI function. Thus, the apelin/APJ system may exert a broad range of activities in the digestive system. In this paper, we review the role of the apelin/APJ system in the digestive system in physiological conditions, such as gastric acid secretion, control of appetite and food intake, cell proliferation, cholecystokinin secretion and histamine release, gut-brain axis, GI motility, and others. In pathological conditions, the apelin/APJ system plays an important role in the healing process of stress gastric injury, the clinical features and prognosis of patients with gastric cancers, the reduction of inflammatory response to enteritis and pancreatitis, the mediation of liver fibrogenesis, the promotion of liver damage, the inhibition of liver regeneration, the contribution of splanchnic neovascularization in portal hypertension, the treatment of colon cancer, and GI oxidative damage. Overall, the apelin/APJ system plays diversified functions and regulatory roles in digestive physiology and pathology. Further exploration of the relationship between the apelin/APJ system and the digestive system will help to find new and effective drugs for treating and alleviating the pain of digestive diseases.

关键词： 2-photon   acetylcholine   electrophysiology   glutamate   nicotine   nicotinic   ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR   SMOKING-CESSATION   GABAERGIC NEURONS   WITHDRAWAL   DEPENDENCE   NUCLEUS   TRANSMISSION   ACTIVATION   ADDICTION   INCREASES  

摘要： Antagonism of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the medial habenula (MHb) or interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) triggers withdrawal-like behaviors in mice chronically exposed to nicotine, implying that nicotine dependence involves the sensitization of nicotinic signaling. Identification of receptor and/or neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this sensitization is important, as it could promote novel therapeutic strategies to reduce tobacco use. Using an approach involving photoactivatable nicotine, we previously demonstrated that chronic nicotine (cNIC) potently enhances nAChR function in dendrites of MHb neurons. However, whether cNIC modulates downstream components of the habenulo-interpeduncular (Hb-IP) circuit is unknown. In this study, cNIC-mediated changes to Hb-IP nAChR function were examined in mouse (male and female) brain slices using molecular, electrophysiological, and optical techniques. cNIC enhanced action potential firing and modified spike waveform characteristics in MHb neurons. Nicotine uncaging revealed nAChR functional enhancement by cNIC on proximal axonal membranes. Similarly, nAChR-driven glutamate release from MHb axons was enhanced by cNIC. In IPN, the target structure of MHb axons, neuronal morphology, and nAChR expression is complex, with stronger nAChR function in the rostral subnucleus [rostral IPN (IPR)]. As in MHb, cNIC induced strong upregulation of nAChR function in IPN neurons. This, coupled with cNIC-enhanced nicotine-stimulated glutamate release, was associated with stronger depolarization responses to brief (1 ms) nicotine uncaging adjacent to IPR neurons. Together, these results indicate that chronic exposure to nicotine dramatically alters nicotinic cholinergic signaling and cell excitability in Hb-IP circuits, a key pathway involved in nicotine dependence.

关键词： Fishmeal   Soybean meal   Corn gluten meal   Pepsin   Pancreatic digestive enzymes   Gut transit rates   SALMON SALMO-SALAR   SOYBEAN-MEAL   RAINBOW-TROUT   ATLANTIC SALMON   ONTOGENIC DEVELOPMENT   BILE-SALTS   PEPTIDE-Y   ENZYMES   CHOLECYSTOKININ   EXPRESSION  

摘要： To characterize the effects of a plant-based low-fishmeal (LFM) diet on the digestive physiology of yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, we prepared two isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets; an FM-based diet (diet Control, FM 50%) and a plant protein (soybean meal and corn gluten meal)-based low fishmeal diet (diet LFM, FM 15%), and examined the acute and chronic effects of the diets on the digestive physiology of the fish were examined. In the acute effect trial (fed only a single meal), the fish fed the LFM diet displayed faster gastric emptying, lower pH of the gastrointestinal content and suppressed pancreatic digestive enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase) secretions. In the chronic effect trial (feeding for six weeks), in addition to the effects observed in the acute trial, the fish fed the LFM diet also displayed suppressed stomach pepsin secretion and pancreatic digestive enzymes production (gene expression). Furthermore, gene expression levels of digestion-regulating hormones, gastrin, cholecystokinin and peptide yy were also disrupted by the long-term administration of the LFM diet. Taken together, these results indicate that a plant protein-based low fish meal diet appears to not fully activate or stimulate the digestive system of yellowtail in either the short or long term and that its inhibitory/disruptive effects become more pronounced on a long-term basis. The effects we have identified on yellowtail digestive physiology could serve as important indicators to improve the plant-based low-fishmeal diets.

关键词： 学生自制微课   植物生理学   实验教学  

摘要： 教师与学生共同完成微课制作,使微课更能符合大学生的学习、思考模式。在植物生理学实验教学中开展学生自制微课的实践,既加深了参与者对知识的系统理解,使参与者掌握了专业知识以外的技能,又实现了多元化的课堂教学模式。微课的使用反馈表明学生更易掌握实验技术,并对微课教学模式产生了兴趣;该教学模式得到学生的接受并达到预期效果,可进一步推广应用。

关键词： 神经生理学   理论与实践   和谐   和声学   心理层面   验证   物理   本源  

摘要： "和声学"是一门研究和音的结构以及它们如何连接的理论学科。和声本源的研究对于一直以来从事演奏(唱)、理论研究等各种音乐活动的音乐家来说至关重要。随着社会的发展和科学技术的进步,关于研究音乐理论的书籍越来越少,大多数的写作都是采用"复制+粘贴"的形式,并没有从本质上来系统地阐述音乐的理论知识,所以,大多数人对于音乐的认知不全面。