关键词： 注意力   色觉   色觉试验   色觉缺陷/诊断   辨别(心理学)   习惯化   心理生理学   光刺激   婴儿   女(雌)性   人类   男(雄)性  

摘要： Two experiments were conducted to demonstrate that human infants 3 months of age perceive color in a normal, trichromatic manner. In the first experiment, the visual attention of 30 infants was monitored in a habituation-dishabituation paradigm that used spectral and white lights with brightness factors eliminated. Infants discriminated white from monochromatic light in a region of the spectrum (490–500 nm) where color-normal adults can but color-deficient adults cannot. In the second experiment which also used a habituation paradigm, eight infants showed good discrimination between hues in a region of the spectrum (560–580 nm) where color-deficient adults typically show no hue discrimination. Results from these studies of the neutral zone and hue discrimination evidence trichromatic vision in infancy and are discussed in the context of their several clinical, social, and intellectual implications.

关键词： 边缘系统/生理学   咀嚼   神经生理学   言语/生理学   人类  

关键词： 态度   反馈   心率   心理生理学   女(雌)性   人类   男(雄)性  

摘要： Attempted to ascertain the best model of the relationship between stimuli, physiological responses, and attitudes. 20 undergraduates were asked to indicate their attitudes toward various nations after having received various bogus information about how they responded physiologically to the stimuli. Results indicate that (a) in general, attitudes appear to be physiologically mediated; (b) physiological mediation of attitudes is strongest when prior knowledge about the stimuli is low but is independent of prior attitudes about the stimuli; (c) bogus physiological feedback does not seem to be verbally mediated; and (d) the most fruitful distinction between types of bogus feedback is between any feedback vs no feedback, not between change vs no change or between increase vs decrease in response.

关键词： 眼球运动   信息论   运动知觉   神经生理学   知觉掩蔽   视网膜/生理学   空间知觉   视知觉   人类  

摘要： In 3 experiments with 21 Ss, targets and masking stimuli were briefly flashed while observers visually tracked a moving dot. Masking stimuli were more effective when they appeared to be in the same place as the target but stimulated different parts of the retina than when they stimulated the same parts of the retina but appeared displaced because of an intervening pursuit eye movement. Visual masking during pursuit eye movements thus depended on the apparent position of the stimuli, not their retinal positions as such, which is in disagreement with previous studies of visual masking during saccadic eye movements. The apparent conflict is explained in terms of the functional significance of visual masking in tracking and saccadic movements: retinal position masking after saccadic eye movements may erase previous images, and apparent position masking during pursuit eye movements may make moving targets more visible. (24 ref)

关键词： 声刺激   适应障碍/诊断   觉醒   听觉   巴比妥酸盐类/药理学   抑郁/诊断   药物耐受性   皮电反应/药物作用   心理生理学   精神病/诊断   成年人   老年人   人类   中年人  

摘要： An experiment was performed to investigate predictions of vigilance performance among depressive patients, based on the assumptions that vigilance would vary in a predictable manner with level of arousal, and that levels of arousal among diagnostic categories of depressive patients are well known. It was found that psychotic depressives, presumed to be hypo-aroused relative to normals, exhibited poor signal detection performances and committed few false positive errors relative to normals. This was consistent with predictions. Neurotic depressives, presumed to be hyper-aroused relative to normals, detected fewer signals than did normals, but also made more false positive errors than normals. Again this was consistent with predictions. A measure of arousal in experimental subjects, namely barbiturate tolerance, was found to directly relate to the false positive error rate in all subjects. The relationship between arousal and total signal detection rate was significantly curvilinear, and an 'inverted U' (quadratic) function provided the best fit. This justified the conclusion that vigilance performance is a function of at least that component of arousal measured by barbiturate tolerance.

关键词： 适应   生理学   中枢神经系统/生理学   数学   神经病学检查/仪器和设备   心理生理学   人类  

关键词： 听觉   习惯化   心理生理学   判断   合理化   言语障碍/治疗   言语疗法   儿童   人类  

摘要： Ten graduate student clinicians, in their final year of training, evaluated the tape recorded pretherapy performances of 10 /s/-defective children on the 68 /s/ items of the McDonald Deep Test of Articulation (1964). Five of the 10 clinicians were randomly selected and assigned one of these /s/-defective children as part of their regular case load. The children were seen for 1 hr per week for a 5-week period. The clinicians were not informed as to the nature of the study or that the composition of their case load was in any way connected with the tapes that they had previously evaluated. The five remaining clinicians and children did not participate in therapy during this 5-week period. Immediately following this 5-week period, an additional tape recording was made of all 10 children's responses to the /s/ items of the McDonald Deep Test (1964). Both pre- and posttreatment tapes were then evaluated by all 10 clinicians in independent listening sessions. Significant between-tape differences, indicative of both habituation and sensitization to client errors within the in-therapy clinicians only, are discussed in terms of their clinical applications.

关键词： 年龄因素   评价研究   健康状况指标   健康调查   心理测定学   心理生理性障碍/诊断   心理生理学   性别因素   应激   心理学   人类  

摘要： Cluster analysis is used to examine dimensionality if the 22-item Langner index. Intercorrelation of the 22 items reveals they do not form a cohesive set; only a few are correlated above the 0.30 level. Using this as the criterion for cluster membership, five dimensions are identified for the total sample. These results demonstrate empirically what several authors have indicated previously, namely that the symptom statements reflect a multiplicity of content. Cluster analysis by sex indicates that female and male response patterns differ both as to numbers and types of symptoms forming clusters. Females report more "psychological" symptoms, whereas males report more"physiological" symptoms. Cluster analysis by level of impairment (<4,4 + symptoms) indicates essentially no difference in cluster content-clusters for both groups contain more "physiological" than "psychological" symptoms. Examination of cluster content using the Crandell and Dohrenwend fourfold classification of the 22 items raises serious questions concerning the substantive usefulness of this a priori approach to the derivation of symptom subsets. Most clusters derived in this analysis contained items from several of the Crandell and Dohrenwend categories; several clusters contained items from all four. © 1976.

关键词： 氨基酸序列   氨基酸类/分析   氨肽酶类   脑/代谢   脑化学   羧肽酶类   色谱法   薄层   丹磺酰化合物   习惯化   心理生理学   微量化学   寡肽类   肽类   动物   大鼠  

摘要： Autoradiography of3H-labeled dansyl amino acids was applied to the sequential analysis of peptides available only in subnanomolar quantities. The method employs time-course analysis of the digestion of the peptide by aminopeptidase M, carboxypeptidase B, and dipeptidylaminopeptidase I. The cleaved amino acids or dipeptides are identified by tlc of the3H-labeled compounds. The procedure was used for the sequential analysis of a learning-induced peptide extracted from trained rat brain, called ameletin. The sequence, confirmed by synthesis, was:p-Glu-Ala-Gly-Tyr-Ser-Lys.

关键词： 唇读法   方法   语音学   体位   心理生理学   美国   视知觉   女(雌)性   人类  

摘要： This study was concerned with the extraction, description, and verification of visual perceptual features underlying vowel lipreading performance. Ten viewers with normal hearing rated the visual similarity of pairs of 15 vowels and diphthongs presented in an /h_g/ context by four speakers. Multidimensional scaling techniques were used to extract potential perceptual features which were then labeled by the experimenters. The resulting perceptual dimensions were correlated with physical measurements of lip shape to evaluate the adequacy of the feature labels. The results indicated that the traditional extended-rounded vowel feature and a vertical lip separation feature were the characteristics most prominent in judging the stimuli. In addition, a feature related to overall area of maximum lip opening and two features unique to diphthong perception were tentatively identified.