关键词： 实验室   运动活动/生理学   运动神经元/生理学   肌收缩   肌原纤维/生理学   神经生理学   联机系统   动物   猫  

摘要： Some simple circuitry is described which has been successfully used in conjunction with a small laboratory computer for 'on-line' measurements of the force of contraction of single motor units in cat gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Our approach emphasizes use of a sample and hold device to allow high amplification of small forces developed during single motor unit contractions which are often superimposed on relatively large whole muscle passive forces. Two digitally controlled selectable gain amplifiers are used to ensure proper modulation of the computer's ADC and to enable automatic scaling of the measured variables. An analog peak detector is incorporated into the unit such that peak force measurements can be made with the minimum of computer software. The principles governing the present design are directly applicable to the measurement of intracellularly recorded postsynaptic potentials and a variety of other physiological variables which require accurate measurement of a small transient signal superimposed on a large 'control' or 'resting' signal.

关键词： 事故   职业   认知   脑电描记术   肌电描记术   眼电描记术   诱发电位   功能偏侧化   习惯化   心理生理学   癔症/病理生理学   抑制(心理学)   疼痛/病理生理学   感觉异常/病理生理学   物理刺激   定向(心理学)   躯体感觉皮质/病理生理学   脊髓/病理生理学   触觉   成年人   老年人   人类   男(雄)性   中年人  

摘要： Psychophysiological inhibition theories of hysterical anesthesia were not supported in a study of habituation of scalp somatosensory average-evoked responses. Facilitation, rather than habituation, was found in responses contralaterial to the affected side with strong tactile stimuli in patients with hysterical heminesthesia or hemihypoesthesia, regional pain, and weakness. We suggest that the increase in response amplitude is related to the unusual congnitive set in these patients. Corticufugal influences on tactile sensory input might be mediated through increasing-excitation in a spinal-gating system.

关键词： 声刺激/方法   闭经/病理生理学   促性腺素类/尿   不育   女(雌)性/病理生理学   促黄体激素/尿   月经   排卵   心理生理学   性别因素   时间因素   成年人   女(雌)性   人类   男(雄)性  

摘要： The effects of intermittent periodic sound stimuli on LH excretion and TGA by normal subjects and by two patients with low gonadotropin output were studied.

关键词： 注意力/生理学   儿童发育/生理学   认知   提示   辨别(心理学)   探究行为   习惯化   心理生理学   记忆   回忆   模型   心理学   心理学理论   视知觉/生理学   青少年   儿童   儿童   学龄前   女(雌)性   人类   男(雄)性  

摘要： There is a major developmental shift in the nature of the stimulus variables that control attending behavior. This shift is proposed as an important contributor to the development of systematic information processing in children. This chapter proposes a distinction between exploration and search as distinctive modes of information-getting behavior. These two patterns are discriminable in their own right in terms of measurable response properties; they are further discriminable in terms of the stimulus and task features that control them; and they are observed to have a different course of development and period of acquisition. It is argued that exploration is a simpler process that develops earlier than search, it is maintained by different types of motivation, and it provides the germinal perceptual experiences out of which logical, systematic search can evolve when the appropriate cognitive structures for its organization become available. Parallel with the developmental evolution of exploratory schemas into search routines, the evidence reviewed suggests a shift from the control of attention by salient features of stimuli toward its control by logical features of the task and a shift from passively tracked to actively sequenced attending. © 1975, Academic Press Inc.

关键词： 慢性病   手法   骨科   神经系统生理学   神经肌肉疾病/治疗   神经生理学   研究   美国   青少年   成年人   老年人   动物   儿童   儿童   学龄前   狗   女(雌)性   人类   婴儿   男(雄)性   中年人  

关键词： 声刺激/方法   觉醒   脑干/生理学   电刺激   电极   植入   脑电描记术   反馈   习惯化   心理生理学   海马/生理学   中脑/生理学   网状结构/生理学   动物   女(雌)性   兔  

摘要： Measurements of the physiological impedance of brain stem in rabbits with chronically implanted electrodes permitted the quantitative determination of the relationship between the processes of inhibition and facilitation of impulse conduction within the reticular formation of the brain stem. It was found that the same acoustic stimulus caused alternatingly appearing increases and decreases in the physiological impedance of the brain stem.

关键词： 脑/诊断显像   计算机/统计学和数值数据   电极   植入   心理生理学   放射摄影术   研究设计   统计学(主题)   立体定位技术   遥测术  

摘要： Presents a general description of developments in animal physiological psychology and the possible advantages of X-ray assisted electrode implantation. Advances that have been made in 3 areas--localization, delivery, and the recording and analysis of data--are outlined. (18 ref)

关键词： 条件反射   经典   辨别(心理学)   足/神经支配   皮电反应   习惯化   心理生理学   智力   精神发育迟滞   定向力   时间因素   触觉   儿童   女(雌)性   人类   男(雄)性  

摘要： The GSR orienting reflex has been successfully applied to the measurements of normal and disordered tactile sensation and perception in nursery-school children, college students, and brain-injured adults. Because the technique eliminates practically all of the cognitive requirements of conventional measurement procedures, it provides a potential approach for measuring somato-perceptual abilities in the younger, language deficient, and more severely retarded child. In the present study the feasibility of the technique was evaluated by applying it to the discrimination of touches to the soles of the feet. In this simple discrimination, the retarded children performed as well as a control group of nonretarded children.

关键词： 佛教   脑电描记术   皮电反应   心率   哲学   心理生理学   呼吸   思考   瑜伽   人类  

摘要： The scientific research that has investigated the physiological changes associated with meditation as it is practiced by adherents of Indian Yoga, Transcendental Meditation, and Zen Buddhism has not yielded a thoroughly consistent, easily replicable pattern of responses. The majority of studies show meditation to be a wakeful state accompanied by a lowering of cortical and autonomic arousal. The investigations of Zen and Transcendental Meditation have thus far produced the most consistent findings. Additional research into the mechanisms underlying the phenomena of meditation will require a shifting from old to new methodological perspectives that allow for adequate experimental control and the testing of theoretically relevant hypotheses.

关键词： 攻击   动物   新生   满足欲望行为   行为   动物   鸟类   色觉   逃逸反应   进化   眼   习惯化   心理生理学   湿度   定向力   掠夺行为   压力   温度   时间因素   视知觉   发声   动物   动物   人类  

摘要： 1. 1. The pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca Pallas), a palaearctic songbird, is endangered in its breeding grounds by a number of highly diverse predators and, on occasion, by several avian nest competitors. The ecological impact of the various dangers upon the adult P.F. and/or its brood is broadly assessed and the defence methods described. 2. 2. In order to elucidate part of the stimuli which elicit two distinct anti-predator responses, mobbing and snarling attacks, enemy dummies were presented to over 2200 territorial subjects in the course of 12 years, utilizing three German populations (Berlin, Hessen, Brunswick) and one in Spain (La Granja). Comparison with mobbing responses to the live enemy give confidence in the dummy experiment as a suitable and valid method of approach. 3. 3. Mobbing movements and calls together with their characteristic interrelationships are described as a function of response strength RS. Phenomena as diverse as warming-up, after-response, and short-term fluctuations of the calling rate, all of which are a function of RS, can be causally explained by a unifying concept called 'catch'. 4. 4. A number of external and internal factors tend to increase or diminish mobbing responsiveness. Opportunity to see live redbacked shrikes (= redbacks) (Lanius collurio) neither detectably affected the response to shrikes nor to incomplete shrike patterns. Subjects when tested repeatedly with the same dummy stimulus tend to remain significantly at the same RS level. RS data from parents and their offspring are presented, the proper evaluation of which in terms of heritability has suffered so far from lack of suitable statistics. Evidence for spontaneity of mobbing derives from vacuum alarms of both wild and captive, hand-raised birds. 5. 5. Three similar-sized enemies, e.g. pigmy owl (Glaucidium passerinum), male redback, and great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopus major) are recognized by various sign stimuli, the physical complexity and/or the degr