关键词： Penile erection   Neurophysiology   Rigidity   Detumescence  

摘要： In 6 dogs and 6 monkeys electrical stimulation of the cavernous, pudendal and hypogastric nerve was performed to gain better understanding of the erectile neurophysiology. Arterial flow, intracorporeal pressure and venous restriction studies during single and combined neurostimulation demonstrated that initiation and maintenance of erection is a parasympathetic phenomenon. Penile rigidity however, could only be achieved with additional pudendal nerve stimulation resulting in muscular compression of the blood distended cavernous bodies. Detumescence or subsidence of erection is primarily under sympathetic control, due to inhibition of sinusoidal smooth muscle relaxation. On the basis of our observations we conclude that penile erection is dependent upon three neurophysiological mechanisms: 1. the parasympathetic “vascular mechanism”, the somatomotor “muscular mechanism” and the sympathetic “inhibitory mechanism”.

关键词： 电生理学   会议   宁夏[回族自治区]   神经生理学  

摘要： Using an in vitro nerve preparation, we have studied the relative electrophysiological properties of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibres in the vagus nerve of 1-, 9- and 36-month-old rabbits and their sensitivity to local anaesthetic. The baseline (values before infusion of local anaesthetic) mean amplitude and conduction velocity (CV) of the compound action potential (APc) were recorded and the nerve was exposed to a range of concentrations (0.5–4.0 mmol litre−1 ) of lignocaine for periods sufficient to attain equilibrium block. There was an increase in the amplitude of the A fibre elevation from the 1-month to the 9- and 36-month-old rabbits. The CV of the A and B fibres increased significantly with age, while the CV of the C fibres did not change. The ED50 values of lignocaine for reduction of the A fibre elevation in the 1-, 9-and 36-month-old rabbits were 0.66, 0.94 and 0.85 mmol litre−1 , respectively. The respective values for the B fibres were 0.74, 1.21 and 0.82 mmol litre−1 , while those of the C fibres were 1.50, 2.44 and 2.07 mmol litre−1 . In general, nerves from young and old rabbits were more sensitive to local anaesthetic-induced conduction blockade, suggesting that smaller doses of local anaesthetic are required clinically for anaesthesia in paediatric and older age groups.

关键词： Animals   Attention/physiology*   Behavior, Animal/physiology*   Cerebral Cortex/physiology   Learning/physiology   Motor Cortex/physiology   Motor Skills/physiology*   Nerve Net/physiology*   Nervous System Physiological Phenomena*   Neurons/physiology   Neurophysiology   Visual Perception/physiology  

摘要： Recent progress in behavioral neurophysiology has clarified some of the brain mechanisms at work in choosing the objects of our attention and how the eyes and hands are directed toward the objects. References.

关键词： ultrasonic instruments   damage to brain structures  

关键词： Electrophysiology   Fluorescence   Membrane potential   Optical monitoring   Voltage-sensitive dye  

摘要： Voltage-sensitive dyes are a means to optically monitor changes in membrane potential. Their application in research has grown steadily over the last two decades as better dyes have been developed. The techniques presently in use are providing unique information about biologic systems from bacteria to the functional organization of primate occipital cortex. This review provides a history of the dyes, the data supporting their voltage sensitivity, and the techniques required for their use. The limitations in using and interpreting the voltage-sensitive dyes, as well as their diverse applications in all areas of research, especially neurophysiology, are comprehensively *** (C) 1988 American Clinical Neurophysiology Society

关键词： 心身观   心身问题   分析哲学   心灵哲学   当代美国   言语行为理论   神经生理学   心灵状态   物理主义   二元论  

摘要： 约翰·塞尔(John *** 1932—)是一位以研究言语行为(Speech acts)理论著称的当代美国分析哲学家。八十年代以来,他一面从事将言语行为理论形式化的工作;一面又全面展开对意向性理论的研究。对意向性问题的研究又导致他对整个心灵哲学(Philosophy of mind)问题的进一步研究,以至于他把语言哲学看作是心灵哲学的一个分支。1984年,他应英国广播公司(BBC)的邀请,在一年一度的里思学术系列广播讲座上。

关键词： 柱体   长度   小肠   表面积  

摘要： 小肠袢常用作膀胱替代物,且目前更趋盛行。不过,它不是理想的膀胱替代物,原因有三:(1)小肠袢不能阻止溶质的重吸收,导致明显的全身代谢性改变;(2)常窝藏细菌,当有输尿管返流时增加肾功能损害的危险;(3)容量不足和顺应性差,可产生上尿路功能损害和/或尿失禁。后面这一问题用大肠作替代物可获得改善。如果大肠袢和它的形状证明对上尿路有最好的保护和维持尿自制。