关键词： Lumbar surgery   Postoperative pain control   Modified thoracolumbar interfascial plane block   Neurophysiology monitoring  

摘要： Highlights • Patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy have often carried the diagnosis of chronic pain, which makes postoperative pain management more difficult • Thoracolumbar interfascial plane block (TLIP) and modified TLIP block (mTLIP) have been done for postoperative pain control on lumbar laminectomy • If, and/or, how much the local anesthetic medication can retain in the interfasical plane after injection are still unknown • Combination of the mTLIP block and neuro- monitoring is a novel technique, it could help ensure safe nerve block placement after spine surgery [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖   封面人物   英国牛津大学   神经生理学   博士学位   物理学会   生理学家   获得者  

摘要： 拉格纳·格兰尼特(瑞典,1900-1991),1967年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者。格兰尼特,1900年出生于芬兰郝尔辛基大学医学博士学位。随后赴英国牛津大学。师从于现代神经生理学奠基人谢灵顿,研究中枢神经生理学,并在此期间汲取了谢灵顿的中枢整合作用思想。1929年,作为约翰逊基金会医学物理学会研究员,应聘到美国斌夕法尼亚大学,与著名生理学家布朗克共事。

摘要： Intraoperative Neurophysiological mapping and monitoring techniques, respectively, recognize and preserve both motor and corticobulbar pathway during skull-base surgery. A 25-year old male was admitted to our department for a brainstem cavernoma of the left pons. The patient presented with right hemiparesis and facial nerve palsy. During surgery we applied: (1) upper and lower extremity muscle motor evoked potentials (mMEPs) and last cranial nerves corticobulbar MEPs (CBT-MEPs) by Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (TES) with a short train of stimuli technique (duration 0.5 ms, ISI 2–4 ms, 1 Hz rate and intensity up to 200 mA); (2) direct brainstem mapping technique (hand-held concentric bipolar probe, 1 Hz rate, duration 0.5 ms, stimulation intensity 0.1–5 mA). Although neither mMEPs nor CBT-MEPs were recordable due to the neurological pre-operative deficits, direct brainstem mapping allowed to identify a safe entry zone to the pons. The cavernoma was totally removed and no new or worsen neurological deficits occurred. Vice versa, the pre-existing hemiparesis improved over time. Whenever pre-existing neurological deficits may compromise the success of monitoring techniques, direct mapping could be extremely valuable to avoid injuring the brainstem. To prepare for a multimodality, monitoring and mapping, strategy offers more chances for a valuable neuromonitoring.

关键词： 植物生理学实验   现存问题   教学建议  

摘要： 对遵义师范学院植物生理学实验教学的现状做出了总结,并提出了相关的教学改进意见。通过督促学生加强实验预习环节、参与实验准备工作,加强实验课程建设及课堂上师生间交流,开放实验室、增加综合设计性实验内容,加强实验设备的投入,以期提高实验教学质量。

关键词： Chronic pain   Education   Qualitative  

关键词： 心理学专业   人体解剖生理学   教学质量   教学改革  

摘要： 人体解剖生理学与心理学的许多主干课程联系紧密,是心理学专业本科生必修的基础理论课。该研究针对心理学专业人体解剖生理学教学过程中存在的问题,分析该课程与其他心理学课程的关系,了解学生的特点,从教学内容组织、教学方法和课程考核改革等方面探索如何提升教学质量和教学效果。

关键词： Daily digestibility   Enzymatic pattern   Feeding frequency   Food utilization   Gut   TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS   CIRCADIAN ACTIVITY RHYTHMS   LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY   FREQUENCY   ENZYMES   CUVIER   LIGHT   L.   SYNCHRONIZATION   ENTRAINMENT  

摘要： Fish and terrestrial vertebrates usually exhibit daily feeding rhythms that can be associated with daily patterns of digestion dynamics. The classic approach used in feeding studies usually neglects these biological rhythms. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the existence of daily feeding rhythms for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), and of daily nutrients and energy digestibility, amylase activity rhythms and gastric evacuation. Four trials were conducted by evaluating: 1) daily feeding rhythms by the self-feeder method; 2) digestibility with two different feeding schedules (midday feeding ML or midnight feeding MD) and assessment of the resulting growth differences; 3) circadian rhythms in amylase activity; 4) the gastric evacuation of the fish fed at the ML or MD. Tambaqui clearly showed nocturnal feeding behavior, with 84.98% of daily food demand occurring at night (p = 0.001). The fish fed at MD grew better than those at ML (p = 0.000), but this result was not followed by improved digestibility (p = 0.500). A clear daily rhythm of amylase activity was observed in fish under both the ML and MD conditions, with an activity peak at night for both groups. Lastly, the tambaqui fed at ML obtained higher intestinal evacuation rates compared to those fed at MD (p = 0.000). Therefore, the results confirm the existence of daily rhythmicity in feeding activity, amylase and evacuation time in tambaqui. Taken together, our results demonstrate that a list of some of tambaquis' digestive physiology and behavioral traits are under circadian control, which should be considered to establish optimized feeding protocols.

关键词： 神经生理学   经颅直流电刺激   γ-氨基丁酸   神经递质系统   分子标志物  

摘要： 经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation，tDCS)是一种能够无创伤的调控神经网络兴奋性的手段，且这种影响作用是可逆的。以前的研究结果显示，阳极刺激可提高被作用脑区神经网络的兴奋性，阴极刺激抑制神经网络的兴奋性，且这种兴奋性变化可能与tDCS诱导的γ-氨基丁酸(γ-Aminobutanoic acid，简称GABA)水平的改变有关，但其分子机制尚不清楚。本研究分别用阳极、阴极和假性tDCS作用于猫的视觉皮层21a区，采用qRT-PCR和蛋白免疫印迹(western blot)方法检测21a区中GABA合成酶和GABA受体的mRNA含量和蛋白表达量，以探讨tDCS影响皮层抑制性神经递质GABA水平的调节机制。研究结果显示，与假性tDCS相比，阳极tDCS导致21a区中GABA合成酶（包括GAD65和GAD67）以及GABAA受体的α1亚基(GABAARα1)和GABAB受体R1亚基(GABABR1)的基因含量和蛋白表达量都显著降低，而阴极tDCS对GABA合成酶GAD65和GAD67以及GABAARα1和GABABR1的mRNA含量及蛋白表达量无显著影响。该结果提示，阳极tDCS可能通过减少GABA抑制性神经递质的合成及其受体的表达来提高受刺激区域大脑皮层的兴奋性;阴极tDCS对GABA能递质系统的活动无显著影响，其对神经活动的调控机制可能与其它神经递质系统活动的改变有关。

关键词： 作物生理学   NRG2基因   基因调控   氮素利用率  

摘要： 氮素对植物的生存和生长至关重要。过量施用氮肥已造成严重的环境污染，增加了农业生产成本。解决上述问题的关键是增加作物的氮素利用率。研究植物对氮素吸收的机理，对提高作物的氮素的利用率和农业的可持续发展有重要的意义。\n 本实验室前期发现并克隆了一个新的硝态氮（NO3-）调控基因NRG2，研究发现该基因突变体中的NO3-含量比野生型低；NRG2在细胞核中表达并与NLP7互作，在NO3-信号通路中作用于NRT1.1的上游，并调控NRT1.1的表达。\n 为了进一步研究NRG2在NO3-吸收利用方面的功能，本文利用Gateway克隆系统构建了过量表达NRG2的转基因拟南芥株系。通过对NRG2过表达株系的研究发现，过表达NRG2能够提高植株对氮素的吸收和利用。\n 在1/2MS培养条件下，与野生型相比，nrg2突变体的全苗和根部NO3-含量显著下降，但地上部含量没有明显变化，而NRG2过表达株系中全苗、地上部和地下部的NO3-含量都显著上升。时间进程和浓度梯度的NO3-吸收检测结果显示，过表达株系的NO3-吸收显著高于野生型。同时，我们检测发现NRG2过表达株系幼苗中的硝酸还原酶（NR）活性、氨基酸含量和全氮含量也都显著高于野生型。利用qPCR检测NO3-转运和同化相关基因的表达量，发现NRG2过表达株系中NRT1.1、NRT1.2、NRT1.5和NRT1.8等基因的表达量都显著上升。与NO3-还原相关的NIA1、NIA2、NiR基因的表达量在过表达系中显著上升，与氨基酸合成相关的基因GLN1.3和GLN1.4的表达量也显著上升。上述结果表明过表达NRG2促进了植株NO3-的积累和同化。\n 对野生型、nrg2突变体和NRG2过表达株系的表型分析发现，NRG2过表达株系在高、低氮培养基上生长时幼苗的生物量显著增加，并且主根长度、侧根数目及侧根密度也都显著增加。在生长发育阶段，还观察到过表达株系在抽薹期至开花中期的株高相对野生型都显著升高；研究还发现NRG2过表达株系在高、低氮条件下单株籽粒重量都显著高于野生型。表明NRG2是氮素吸收利用的潜在候选者，NRG2可能是高氮效基因。\n 另外，我们对NRG2影响氮素利用率的分子机理进行了初步探讨。检测发现，在NRG2过表达株系中，与氮素利用相关的基因ASN1、ASN2、NRT1.1和NRT2.1的表达量显著升高，这说明了NRG2可能作用于以上四个高氮效基因的上游，从而提高植物的氮素利用。

关键词： MEMORABLE PRESENTATION   TIPS   SPEAKER   POWERPOINT   SUPERIORITY   PERCEPTION   PICTURE   RECALL   VOICE  

摘要： Oral presentations remain a common teaching method in academic radiology. The goal of these presentations is to transfer knowledge from the presenter's brain to brains in the audience in a way that sticks. A number of studies from the recent psychological and physiological literature offer some rather practical and evidence-based advice on ways to optimize our oral presentations. The purpose of this paper is to summarize this work, and to give examples of how it can be harnessed to increase the efficacy of radiology presentations, whether they are for resident education, a continuing medical education course, or for a scientific presentation at a national radiology meeting. (C) 2018 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.