关键词： 神经节苷脂类   神经生理学   神经再生  

关键词： 高级神经活动学说   记忆功能   机能   暂时联系   神经生理学   存储系统   计算机   大脑皮质   神经活动   神经系统   暂时神经联系   脑科学  

摘要： 脑科学的研究是一个关系到哲学、心理学和神经生理学的重要课题。它很早就受到了科学界的重视。从笛卡尔开始,就对脑的活动提出了系统的二元论的解释。迄今为止,许多脑科学的专家仍然徘徊在笛卡尔思想的范围之中,有人把意识看成是超越于脑物质活动之上的某种机能,有人把心理活动归结为反射孤的某种接通,前者常常倒向唯心主义的怀抱,后者常常陷入机械论的泥沼。从我国的现实情况来看,脑科学研究是一个比较落后的领域。长期以来,传统的脑科学理论就是巴甫洛夫的高级神经活动学说。迄今为止,这个学说虽然在神经生理学研究的领域中,已经被当成历史的陈迹放在了脑后。但是,在哲学和心理学的领域中,它仍被视为辩证唯物主义的科学学说,继续统治

关键词： 心理学   卫国战争   知觉过程   道德动机   不对称性   苏联   苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟   专栏   文章   心理生理学   主观反映   团体心理治疗   选择性注意  

摘要： 在《纪念苏联人民卫国战争胜利四十周年》的专栏里,发表了《在伟大的卫国战争年代里的军事心理学》。作者指出,伟大的卫国战争时期正是苏联军事心理学发展的特殊时期。列宁的著作以及И·В·斯大林、М·И·卡列金、А·А·日达诺夫、А·С·谢尔巴科夫等等的著作对研究军事心理学有重要

关键词： Research Study   Spectral Analysis   Computer System   Graphic Analysis   Visual Evoke Potential  

摘要： A general-purpose minicomputer has been adapted and interfaced for the averaging and analysis of clinical evoked potentials and for compressed spectral arrays (CSA) of the routine EEG. In the first 2 years of operation, over 1,000 routine clinical studies of visual evoked potentials (VEP) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) have been performed with it, as well as over 100 CSAs and a variety of special and research studies. The CSA modality gives comparative frequency-domain pictures of left and right hemisphere power. An attached graphics terminal gives a live cumulative display of the EP and CSA. In addition, the system has automated and comprehensive physician-interactive graphics analysis and report generation capabilities. The reports are finalized versions used in the patient's chart, minimizing clerical efforts. © 1985 Plenum Publishing Corporation.

关键词： Science   Humanities and Social Sciences   multidisciplinary  

摘要： THE neurones in our brains are required, as we all know, for the complex information-processing tasks of everyday life. Roughly an equal amount of space in the brain, however, is devoted to glial cells, chiefly astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, whose functions are diverse and poorly understood. Glial cells offer many challenges in understanding the overall function of nervous tissue, just one of which is their intriguing electrophysiological behaviour. Several recent papers1"5, including one on page 229 of this issue by Bevan and Raff1, show that glial cells in culture sometimes have hitherto unsuspected membrane characteristics, including high permeability to potassium, higher membrane conductance than resting neurones, direct electrical connections with one another, and the ability to respond metabolically to depolarization induced by local neuronal activity, all of which add to their fascination. How far these properties are characteristic of glial cells in situ is still a matter for *** electrophysiological study of glial cells in tissue culture began in 1958 with work of Hild, Ching and Taskai6 who showed that morphologically identified glial cells do not display the action potentials that are characteristic of most neurones, yet have resting potentials that are sensitive to potassium. Over the years, with contributions from many people working on both isolated cells and intact tissues, a picture has emerged in which some glial cells have very remarkable properties7·10, including probably the most extreme selectivity of membrane permeability for potassium over sodium of all known biological *** aspect that is beginning to be well characterized is the role of glial cells in stabilizing extracellular potassium levels in the nervous system11'15. Many questions remain, even in this highly specific area. For example, the relative importance of potassium dispersal through glia and of net uptake into glial cells remains controversial. The principal mec

关键词： 神经细胞   物质   细胞水平   神经传导   脑研究   髓磷脂   髓鞘质   神经生理学   突触  

摘要： 进入20世纪以来,对脑功能单位的神经细胞定位业已明确,加上电子技术的进展,可以得到以毫秒通过的电的神经信号,在采用物理技巧的神经生理学方面,通过分离单一神经纤维的研究和细胞水平的研究,都有了飞速的发展。此外,用电子显微镜等观察形态这样精密技术的出现,也给了很大帮助。尤其在战后,精密技术给日本的神经生理学带来了飞跃的发展。从多方面研究神经细胞发出的电信号,在国际上受到高度评价。另一方面,构成脑的成分是化学物质,它的异常将是脑病和精神障碍的原因的设想在19世纪已经存在,并且开始了对脑的特异化学物质和代谢系统的研究。神经信息的传达不仅是电信号,还是特定的物质,这就是今天已经明