关键词： 神经生理学   海马结构   海马神经元   电流刺激   中枢神经系统   边缘系统   反射活动   下丘脑腹内侧核   自我刺激   神经解剖学  

摘要： <正> 最近二十年来,生理学和心理学的工作者们异常重视边缘系统结构和功能的研究。研究工作量之大、范围之广泛、进展之迅速都是空前的。有人认为,1937年Papez 教授提出“边缘环路”(Limbic Cireuit)是边缘系统功能研究史上的重大转折点,那么,近二十年来的事实告诉我们,现在又是边缘系统研究的新高潮。除了在一般神经生理学和实验心理学会议上,经常能看到有关边缘系统研究的论文和报告而外,平时,我们还会看到诸如“旧皮层系统的干扰与学习”、“脑功能和学习”、“形

关键词： 高海拔   神经生理学  

关键词： Nervous Activity   High Nervous Activity   Current Neurophysiology  

摘要： An important function of the vestibular system is to secure visual stabilization during head movement, and at low-frequency movements the optokinetic and pursuit systems collaborate to this end. Oscillopsia results when eye velocity fails to match head velocity. Simple bedside tests to identify oscillopsia and impaired cancellation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) are described. Adaptive plasticity, directed to the goal of maintenance of foveation despite marked changes in the external (e.g., reversed visual surround) or internal (e.g., after labyrinthectomy) environment, is an important attribute of the vestibular system. The flocculus and some of its connections are essential to this function. Reduction of floccular efficiency, as in the elderly, might be an important cause of defective adaptation to a vestibular lesion, such as labyrinthectomy.

关键词： 神经元   纤维   神经组织   外侧膝状体   Burke   脑神经   视神经   视皮层  

摘要： 澳大利亚悉尼大学生理系Burke 教授1984年4月18日来我院短期工作三周。Burke 教授在院工作期间共作了六个学术报告。第一个是感觉丧失对行为的影响。在报告中引证动物实验,表明在一定时期内动物因缺乏固定类型的视觉刺激使感觉丧失,而使与之相关的视皮层在功能结构上发生改变。例如感觉丧失,一侧视皮层与对照组相比,细胞单位放电减少,脑重减轻,电镜检查亦见视觉细胞形态改变,而且动物的视觉性行为亦发生改变。因而提示在动物发育期的一定时间内,多种类型的适宜刺激对动物或人类的神经

关键词： Animals   Eye Movements   Macaca/physiology*   Macaca mulatta/physiology*   Male   Motor Cortex/physiology*   Movement   Muscles/physiology   Neurons/physiology  

摘要： The frontal agranular cortex consists of at least three major subdivisions: the precentral motor cortex, the supplementary motor cortex, and the premotor cortex. Of these, the premotor cortex is by far the least intensively studied by neurophysiological methods in spite of recent evidence that it is important in higher order aspects of the cerebral control of movement (Moll and Kuypers, 1977; Rolandet al., 1980b; Halsband and Passingham, 1982). We have accordingly studied neuronal activity in the premotor cortex of Rhesus macaques operantly conditioned to perform a visually guided motor task. We have concluded that many premotor cortex neurons appear to reflect motor set. Further, these and other premotor cortex neurons show activity patterns during and before the execution of an abstractly guided movement that are strikingly similar to what has been observed in association with movements made directly to visuospatial targets. Finally, a functional relationship of some premotor cortex unit activity to the execution of voluntary movement is supported by its close temporal correlation with the onset of movement, a significant correlation with the acceleration of the limb in some cases, and a uniform specificity for movement execution rather than the visuospatial cues that guide the movement.

摘要： An endogenous central nervous system pain-modulating network, with links in the mid brain, medulla, and spinal cord, has recently been discovered. This system produces analgesia by interfering with afferent transmission of neural messages produced by intense stimuli. Although other neurotransmitters are involved, the analgesia produced by this system depends on the release of endogenous opioid substances, generically referred to as endorphins. The system is set in motion by clinically significant pain—such as that resulting from bony fractures or postoperative pain. The analgesia network monitors the pain and controls it at the level of the spinal cord. Complex psychologic factors play an important role in the variability of perceived pain, partly because of their ability to trigger this pain-suppressing system. For example, this system contributes to the analgesic potency of placebo administration and is also activated by stress. Knowledge of this analgesia system has greatly expanded our understanding of the mechanisms underlying pain management. Opiates, like morphine and meperidine, produce analgesia by mimicking the action of endorphins in the brain. Tricyclic drugs may produce analgesia by enhancing the nonendorphin links of the same system. Future research on this system will provide new insights and, consequently, new approaches to the management of pain.