关键词： 麻醉/副作用   神经生理学   神经系统   婴儿   新生  

摘要： 为了选择适当的剖腹产手术麻醉，本文对714例剖腹产新生儿按照Apgar评分法予以评分，比较不同的麻醉方法，对新生儿神经功能的抑制程度。观察的结果表明：局麻组129例中有6例；针麻组128例中有8例；硬膜外组332例中有22例；全麻组125例中有25例新生儿发生不同程度的抑制（低于7分）。通过抢救，逐步得到7～10分。经统计学处理提示：全身麻醉对新生儿的神经功能抑制最显著，且抑制的时间最长。

关键词： Health   Nutrition   Obesity   Physiology   Weight loss treatment  

摘要： This article examines the psychological and physiological concomitants of obesity and presents practical methods for working with obese patients. Three areas of physiology are covered: fat cell theory, set point theory, and dietary obesity. The social and emotional consequences of obesity are discussed, as are the psychological stages experienced by both patients and professionals during a typical course of weight reduction. Screening is a most important aspect of a program. There are several methods for determining which patients will profit from treatment. Recent advances in treatment include a focus on physical activity, improvements in behavior modification, and the development of aggressive methods for promoting weight loss in moderately and morbidly overweight persons. Finally, social support is discussed, because the social context in which a program is administered may be more important than the nature of the program itself.

摘要： Enteric neurophysiology is an emerging subspecialty of gastrointestinal biology. As such, it offers many investigative challenges and opportunities for advancement of understanding of gastrointestinal function. This review is organized to present the current status of enteric neurophysiology, to explain the controversies, and to explore the directions in which the subspecialty appears to be advancing. Current concepts of structural-functional relationships of the neuronal constituents of the enteric nervous system are presented in conjunction with electrophysiological and synaptic mechanisms. Relations between electrical and synaptic behavior of the neurons and information handling and integrative function within the local circuits are explored. Emergent properties of the system are considered in view of indications that the subsets of internuncial circuits that control each gastrointestinal effector are interconnected to ensure appropriate behavior that achieves coordination for optimal performance of the whole organ.

关键词： 鱼类   消化生理学  

ISBN: (纸本)13119.1089

关键词： 动物实验模型   心理生理学   神经生理学   视觉分辨   水平波动   个体差异   持续时间   猕猴  

摘要： 本工作观察了猕猴在自由或限制条件下学习视觉或听觉分辨的规律。在WGTA内动物对颜色分辨学习有很大的个体差异,主要表现为学习初期正确反应率在机率水平波动的持续时间的不同。猴在WGTA内完成亮暗、物体及图形分辨学习,以及在限制椅上完成颜色分辨学习也有类似情况。从同一只猴在WGTA内进行不同的视觉分辨任务的学习所得的结果表明,物体分辨和亮暗分辨学习比之颜色分辨学习要容易些,图形分辨学习则相对地比较困难。猴在限制椅上学习颜色分辨比在WGTA内需要更多的测试数。动物在限制椅上学习纯音音调分辨似乎更为困难。这些结果对神经精神药理学、心理生理学以及神经生理学研究中选择合适的动物实验模型有一定的参考价值。